Emhlabeni wezomnotho nezezimali kunemigomo nezinkomba eziningi ezahlukene ezisisiza ukuthi siqonde kangcono okwenzeka ezimakethe. Nokho, maningi kangangokuthi ngezinye izikhathi kuyadida. Isihloko sanamuhla senzelwe ukuchaza iyini i-GDP deflator, ingeyani futhi ibalwa kanjani, ngoba ngokuvamile kubangela ukudideka okukhulu.
Njengokujwayelekile, kubalulekile baqonde imiqondo ethile ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ukubalwa kwama-indices. Icala le-GDP deflator alifani, njengoba lihlobene eduze nokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali. Ngalesi sizathu, sizophinde sichaze ukuthi ayini la magama kanye nokunye okuzosisiza siqonde ukuthi iyini i-GDP deflator.
I-GDP Deflator: Imiqondo
Ngaphambi kokuchaza ukuthi iyini ngempela i-GDP deflator, kunemiqondo ethile okufanele siyazi ukuze siyiqonde kahle. Ngeke sikwazi ukuqonda usizo esinikezwa yile nkomba uma singazi ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izakhi ezinomthelela ekubalweni kwayo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona imigomo ye i-deflation, inflation, deflator kanye ne-GDP, Kunjalo.
Igama elithi deflator livela kwisiLatini futhi lihunyushwa ngokuthi "deflate". Kuyinkomba evame ukusetshenziswa ukuxazulula izinkinga zezomnotho ukuthi zihlobene nesilinganiso sobukhulu obuthile ezingeni lezomnotho. Kulo mhlaba, umsebenzi onzima kakhulu ukuhlola ukuthi umnotho ungakhula kangakanani, okungukuthi, inani impahla nezinsizakalo ezingafinyelelwa. Indlela eyinhloko yokukala lokhu kukhula yi-inflation, esizoyichaza kamuva.
Lapho uhlola ukuthi kungaba yini ukukhula kwangempela futhi hhayi nje inani lakho kuphela, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-GDP yangempela (ingqikithi yomkhiqizo wasekhaya). Le nkomba ibheka kuphela amanani akhiqiziwe. Ukufeza lokhu, umthelela wokuguquguquka kwentengo kufanele ususwe kuzibalo. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa kuyadingeka, lapho i-deflator inesibopho. Ngakho-ke, i-deflator ngokuyisisekelo inkomba yentengo. Kungaba yinhlanganisela noma elula futhi ivumela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwenani nezingxenye zentengo.
Iyini i-GDP?
Manje ake sichaze ukuthi iyini i-GDP. Lawa ma-akhronimi amele "Gross Domestic Product." Kuyi-a ubukhulu bomnotho omkhulu obukhombisa ukubaluleka kokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla namasevisi ezingeni lemali lezwe ngesikhathi esithile. Ngokuvamile, ngokuvamile kucatshangwa njalo ngekota noma ngonyaka.
Kubalulekile ukuthi sazi ukwehlukanisa i-GDP yegama ku-GDP yangempela. Esokuqala sibhekisela ekutheni inani laso lingaba yini ngentengo yemakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kunezela umphumela wokwehla kwamandla emali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-GDP yangempela ibhekisela enanini lamanani avamile. Kulokhu, umphumela wokwehla kwamandla emali uyaqedwa.
Akufanele sidide i-GDP nayo I-IPC (Inkomba Yamanani Abathengi). Le nkomba inesibopho sokulinganisa okwandisa izintengo zemikhiqizo ejwayelekile. Lawa, ake sithi, ubhasikidi ojwayelekile womndeni, noma ngabe imuphi umkhakha.
ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali
Manje kufanele sicacise kuphela imiqondo ye ukwehla kwamandla emali y deflation. Sesiyizwile eyokuqala izikhathi eziyisigidi ezindabeni, kodwa siyini ngempela? Kanjalo, Ukwehla kwamandla emali kuyinqubo yezomnotho eyenzeka ngendlela eqhubekayo nejwayelekile ezweni lapho amanani entengo ezimpahla nemisebenzi enyuka.
Kunalokho, ukwehla kwamandla emali kwenzeka lapho amanani entengo ehla okuvamile ezweni, ngokuvamile okubangelwa ukuncipha kokunikezwa kwemali. Okusho ukuthi: Imali okukhulunywa ngayo inyusa inani layo, ngenxa yalokho okunokwenyuka kwenani layo. amandla okuthenga.
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, i-GDP deflator ikala izinguquko ezenzeka kule nkomba. Ngakho-ke, Kubonisa ngendlela evamile kokubili ukwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali komnotho.
Iyini i-GDP deflator futhi isetshenziselwa ini?
Manje njengoba sesiyichazile imiqondo ehlobene ne-GDP deflator, sizophawula ngokuthi iyini ngempela le nkomba. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi bala izinguquko zentengo ezenzeka kwisamba somkhiqizo wasekhaya. Okusho ukuthi: I-GDP deflator iyinkomba ebala inani elimaphakathi lezintengo ezenzeka ezweni phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi. Lokhu kuyasisiza ukuthi sithole ukukhula komnotho wezwe okukhulunywa ngalo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-GDP deflator ayisebenzisi kuphela izindleko ezijwayelekile, njengoba i-CPI yenza, kodwa isebenzisa amanani azo zonke izimpahla nezinsizakalo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu singasho lokho iyinkomba eyenza ukubala kwangempela, kuyilapho i-CPI isebenzisa isibalo sezibalo.
Ibalwa kanjani i-GDP deflator?
Ngemva kokuqonda ukuthi yini i-GDP deflator, ake sibone ukuthi ibalwa kanjani. Ngokuqinisekile usuvele wazi ukuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko wamaBhange Amaphakathi ukulondoloza ukuzinza kwezomnotho, okungukuthi, amanani. Ukuze benze lokhu, babeka umgomo wokwehla kwamandla emali, njengokungadluli ku-2%. Njengoba ukwehla kwamandla emali kubangela ukwanda kwamanani, kuyadingeka ukuthola inkomba eqeda umphumela obangelwa yile nqubo. Uma sikwazile ukukushaya indiva ukwehla kwamandla emali, sizokwazi ukuthi umnotho uyakhula ngempela noma unyusa amanani kuphela. Yilokhu esiboniswa yi-GDP deflator. Ukuze siyibale, kufanele sisebenzise le fomula:
I-GDP deflator = (i-GDP yegama / i-GDP yangempela) x 100
Sengiphetha singasho ukuthi i-GDP deflator ayisizi ukukala ukuthi kungaba yini izinga lempilo yezwe. Inhloso yale nkomba ithi ukukala amandla okuthenga alelo zwe elifanayo. Ngakho-ke, inkomba yamaqhinga ukubala izinguquko ku-GDP namanani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sidlula enkathini yokwehla kwamandla emali noma ukwehla kwamandla emali.