Ezezimali yinto esiyazi kahle kakhulu. Asikho isidingo sokuzimela, ube ne-SME noma inkampani enkulu ukuqonda ukuthi lo mqondo ukhona empilweni yansuku zonke yanoma yimuphi umuntu kanye / noma umndeni. Futhi ngukuthi namuhla ukuphatha lokho okutholayo nokuthi yini oyisebenzisayo kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ukuze uphile.
Kodwa, Yini imali? Ingabe kuyefana nokubalwa kwezimali? Futhi hlobo luni lwezezimali olukhona? Konke lokhu kungabaza, nokunye okumbalwa, yilokho esizoxoxa ngakho kulesi sihloko namuhla.
Yini imali
Ngokusho kweRAE, ezezimali zicatshangwa njenge "Isibopho umuntu asithathayo ukuphendula isibopho somunye umuntu." Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwezinye izincazelo elinikezayo, sinakho lokho "Ukugeleza, izimpahla", okuyindlela esivame ukuyazi ngayo. Eqinisweni, ezezimali zingachazwa ngokuthi ingxenye yomnotho obhekele ukutadisha imali nezimakethe ezinkulu, kanye nezikhungo ezisebenza kuzo, futhi inhloso yawo ukuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo ukuheha izinsizakusebenza. Ngamanye amagama, sikhuluma ngesayensi efunda ukuthi ungayakha kanjani, uyithuthukise futhi uyiphathe kanjani imali onayo.
Akugxili kuphela ezindleleni zokuthola imali (imali engenayo, umholo, njll.) Kepha ibuye inakekele ukonga nokutshala imali, iphakamisa izinhlelo zokwenza konke kube nenzuzo.
Umehluko phakathi kwezezimali nezomnotho
Lokho kusho, kusobala ukuthi ezezimali enye into futhi ezomnotho okunye. Singasho ukuthi ezezimali ziyingxenye encane yakho konke okufakiwe emnothweni.
Ngesikhathi ezomnotho zinendlela ebanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene, ngoba igxile kakhulu ekuboneni ukuthi ungazanelisa kanjani izidingo zabantu ngokukhiqizwa komnotho; ezezimali zinendlela yokwenza imali ethe xaxa.
Ezezimali vs accounting
Manje, kunabaningi abadida imiqondo emibili ukuthi i-priori ingathathwa ngokufana, kepha empeleni akufani nalokho. Sikhuluma ngezezimali nokubalwa kwezimali. Ucabanga ukuthi afana ngani njengamanje?
Yebo, iqiniso ukuthi akunjalo. Yimiqondo emibili efanayo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye yehluke kakhulu. Ukukunikeza umbono, sine:
- Ukubalwa kwezimali: Ukubalwa kwezimali kuyisiyalo esihlanganisa imithetho nezinqubo zoku-oda, ukuhlaziya kanye nokwenza ikhathalogu yokusebenza kwezomnotho nezezezimali. Noma, ngamanye amagama, sikhuluma ngendlela okuqoqwa ngayo, kuhlolisiswe futhi ku-hlolwe ngayo imisebenzi yezezimali nezomnotho.
- Ezezimali: Ezezimali uqobo zibaluleke kakhulu kunokubalwa kwezimali, ngoba kuleso sifundo ukuthatha izinqumo ngemali, noma ngabe ukutshala imali, ukonga, ukusebenzisa noma ukufuna izinhlelo zokuthola imali ethe xaxa.
Ngamanye amagama, ukubalwa kwezimali kuyingxenye yezezimali, ngoba ngaphandle kwayo, imali ibingenakwenziwa.
Izici
Lapho usucacile ngomqondo, futhi ikakhulukazi umehluko phakathi kwezezimali, ezomnotho nokubalwa kwezimali, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwazi ukuthi yini echaza ezezimali ukuqinisa ulwazi lwakho. Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngokulandelayo:
- Inhloso yakho ukuphatha imali. Kepha nezimpahla ezinkulu. Lokho wukuthi, akugcini nje ngokuphathelene nokuphatha imali onayo, kepha futhi nokonga, ukutshala imali, imali mboleko ... Kokubili onakho nokuthi yini okufanele unakwe ngayo ngezezimali.
- Isingatha imiqondo ethile. Sikhuluma ngamatemu ezezimali nakwezomnotho: izinzuzo, isilinganiso senzalo, ubungozi, izindleko zokutshala imali ...
- Siza ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwemali. Ngokwazi ngokuphelele onakho, okukweletayo nokuthi ufuna ukuya kuphi, izinqumo ezenziwe yizimali zifuna ukufeza leyo nhloso futhi, ngayo, zenze ngcono isimo sezomnotho. Kungakho zibaluleke kangaka kumabhizinisi kanjalo nasemindenini nakubantu ngabanye.
- Basizwa ngeminye imikhakha. Eqinisweni, usuvele ubone ukuthi ukubalwa kwezimali kuhlobene kakhulu nezimali, kepha futhi nezomnotho, izibalo, amathuba ...
Izimali zenzelwani?
Kuyacaca ukuthi ezezimali zikhona osukwini lwethu nosuku. Kuyindlela yokukhombisa abantu, nezinkampani, abanakho, abakukweletayo nokuthi bangenzani ngezinzuzo zabo noma ngezikweletu zabo, ngendlela yokuthi bafune ukuthola imiphumela emihle kakhulu, nezinsizakusebenza ezifanele kakhulu, ukuze umnotho (kungaba owomuntu, umndeni noma inkampani) uthathe inkambo yawo.
Ngalokho, ukumosha, ukutshalwa kwezimali okungalungile, noma izinqumo ezingezinhle zezezimali zingaba nemiphumela emibi (kuze kube seqophelweni lokuya onakalisweni), yingakho ungeke ushiye lokhu kube yintando yakho, kepha unekhanda lokuthi ungasebenzisi imali eningi kunaleyo onayo, noma ushiye imali oyongile ngaphandle kokuhamba ngoba banganikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu.
Izinhlobo zezimali
Ekugcineni, kufanele wazi ukuthi ezezimali zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amane abanzi.
Izimali zebhizinisi
Yilezo ezigxile ezinkampanini. Okusho ukuthi, lokho abakufunayo yikhona funda ukuthi ungayithola kanjani, uyiphathe futhi uyisebenzise kanjani imithombo yezomnotho yenkampani. Isibonelo, banganquma ukuthi yimaphi amaphrojekthi noma imikhiqizo abazotshala kuyo, ukuthi bangahlukanisa kanjani inzuzo, noma ukuthi bangayithola kanjani imithombo yezimali yokuyisa inkampani phambili.
Izimali zomuntu
Lokhu kwaziwa kakhulu, ngoba siyakusebenzisa nsuku zonke ngawodwana futhi njengomndeni. Sibhekisa kulabo abafunda ukuthi bazithola kanjani izinsiza nokuthi baziphatha kanjani. Futhi bekungeke kuhlanganise kuphela udaba lwezomnotho, kodwa futhi nabasebenzi nokuqeqeshwa, ngoba kuya ngomsebenzi noma ubungcweti, kanye nomsebenzi lowo onawo, ukuthatha izinqumo kuzohluka, kufaka phakathi utshalomali nokonga.
Esidlangalaleni
Izimali zomphakathi zibhekisela ukuhlaziywa nokuphathwa kwazo zonke izinsizakusebenza zezezimali nezomnotho ezinazo izikhungo zombuso.
Lokho wukuthi, ungayithola kanjani imithombo yentela, ungayitshala kanjani imali kumaphrojekthi; usabalalisa kanjani izinsiza kanye nenzuzo, njll.
Okwamanye amazwe
Lokhu kubhekisa kokuthengiselana kwamanye amazwe, igxile kakhulu ezinkampanini ezisebenza ukuthekelisa noma ukungenisa, noma ukuthenga nokuthengisa phesheya.
Kumele bazi kahle ukushintshashintsha kwemali, inzuzo, isikweletu sezwe, kanye nezingozi ezingavela kulokhu kuthengiselana.