Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi ngemithetho eminingi, izinombolo nezidingo asicaciswanga ngokuphelele ngeminye imiqondo noma ukusebenza kwamathuba athile. Lokhu kungaba njalo ngenzuzo enikelayo yokungasebenzi. Iyini inzuzo yokunikela? Ngabe ngifanele yini? Ibalwa kanjani?
Empeleni, lapho sibhekisa kunzuzo yokungasebenzi, sikhuluma ngokuqoqa ukungasebenzi. Kule ndatshana sizochaza ukuthi iyini ngempela, inikezwa bani, ibalwa kanjani nokuthi yini umehluko okhona nenzuzo yokungasebenzi. Ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngale ndaba.
Uyini umhlomulo osizayo wokungasebenzi?
Uma sikhuluma ngenzuzo enikelwayo, sibhekisa kuleyo nzuzo etholwa umuntu ngemuva kokunikela njengesisebenzi isikhathi esincane ku-Social Security. PUkuze ukwazi ukuyifinyelela, ubudlelwano bokuqashwa phakathi komuntu okukhulunywa ngaye nenkampani kufanele buphelile. Ngakho-ke, uma sifuna ukuqoqa inzuzo enikelwayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukungasebenzi, kufanele sikhishwe kwa-Social Security njengesisebenzi esisebenzayo.
Inzuzo yokuswela umsebenzi inikezwe kuphela labo abahlangabezana nezimfuneko ezithile esizobhala ngezansi:
- Ukuzithola usesimweni sokungasebenzi kwezomthetho
- Ngicaphune ubuncane besikhathi Kwezokuphepha Komphakathi.
- Simboze isikhathi se- okungenani izinyanga ezingama-12 eminyakeni eyisithupha ngaphambi kokungasebenzi ngokusemthethweni.
- Engakafiki eminyakeni yobudala yokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
- Ukuqeda ubudlelwano bokuqashwa ngokunqanyulwa kwesivumelwano, i-ERE noma ngokuxoshwa.
Njengoba sesishilo kwelinye lamaphuzu adlule, ukuze sikulungele ukuthola inzuzo yokungasebenzi kumele sibe nesandla kwezokuPhepha Komphakathi isikhathi esingaphansi konyaka, okungukuthi, izinsuku ezingama-360. Ngalesi sikhathi sinezinyanga ezine zenzuzo, Ngisho izinsuku ezingama-120. Kusukela kulo mzuzu sizokwamukela ukungasebenzi kweminye izinyanga ezimbili ezinyangeni zonke eziyisithupha zeminikelo, size sifinyelele kumkhawulo obekiwe wezinyanga ezingama-24. Lokhu kufana nesikhathi esicashuniwe okungenani sezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwenzuzo enikelwayo nenzuzo yokungasebenzi?
Kaningi, amagama athi "inzuzo enikelayo" kanye "nenzuzo yokungasebenzi" ayadideka. Manje njengoba sesazi ukuthi uyini umhlomulo onikelwayo, sizochaza ukuthi umhlomulo wokungasebenzi uthini futhi ngalokho siqede ukubona umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
It is a usizo non-esivivaneni futhi imvelo nosizo. Yenzelwe labo abangenayo imali eyanele. Lawa ngamacala angakhetha inzuzo yokungasebenzi:
- Abantu ungafinyeleli enanini eliphansi ukuthola inzuzo enikelwayo.
- Abantu asebesebenzise ngokugcwele inzuzo yabo futhi namanje abawutholi umsebenzi.
- Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-55 abangasebenzi.
- Abokufika babuyela eSpain, inqobo nje uma amazwe akubo engenazo izivumelwano zamazwe amabili maqondana nokungasebenzi.
- Kukhululwe iziboshwa esezidonse okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha isigwebo.
- Abantu abakhubazekile ngokwezinga elithile lokukhubazeka okuyingxenye ngokuphelele ngenxa yomsebenzi ojwayelekile, ngemuva kokukhubazeka unomphela.
Ngokuya ngesimo, lezi zidingo kumele nazo zihlangatshezwe:
- Ngabantu abondliwe, isikhathi esincane sokunikela yizinyanga ezintathu.
- Ngaphandle kwabondliwe, isikhathi esincane somnikelo izinyanga eziyisithupha.
- Imali engenayo akumele yeqe ama-75% omholo omncane wamanje.
Kubizwa malini ngomxhaso?
Inani lomhlomulo wokungasebenzi libalwa ngokususelwa ku-80% we-IPREM (Imiphumela eminingi yemali engenayo yomphakathi). Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungakhuphuka uma sinabantu abangaphezu kwabathathu esibaphethe futhi baneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-45 ubudala.
Kepha singaqoqa isikhathi esingakanani ukuqoqa inzuzo yokungasebenzi? Isikhathi salo kuya ngenani lezinyanga esizicaphunile. Uma kwenzeka sinezingane ezincikayo, isikhathi esincane somnikelo izinyanga ezintathu. Kulezi zinyanga ezintathu sizoqoqa inzuzo yokungasebenzi izinyanga ezine noma ezinhlanu. Uma singenazo izingane ezingondliwe, isikhathi esincane somnikelo yizinyanga eziyisithupha futhi sizoqoqa isibonelelo izinyanga eziyisithupha futhi, noma ngabe sinikele kakhulu.
Imali ekhokhwayo ikhokhiswa malini?
Ukwazi ukuthi kukhokhiswa malini kusuka enzuzweni enikelayo, kufanele siqale sazi isisekelo sokulawula. Kuyisilinganiso sazo zonke izisekelo zokunikela ngokungasebenzi okuyizinsuku zokugcina eziyi-180 ngaphambi kwesimo esisemthethweni sokungasebenzi, okusho ukuthi, ngesikhathi lapho isibopho sokucaphuna saphela khona. Izinsuku ezedlule eziyi-180 zihlala zibalwa njengekhalenda futhi zilandelwa zilandelana. Akunakwenzeka ukufaka amabakaki.
Lapho kubalwa isisekelo sokulawulwa kokungasebenzi, kubhekwa isilinganiso semholo yabo bonke abasebenzi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule. Isikhathi esengeziwe asifakiwe kulokhu kubalwa. Ngakho-ke, lapho umholo uyanda, isisekelo somnikelo sizoba sikhulu. Lokhu-ke, kukhulisa isisekelo sokulawula senzuzo.
Uma sesisungule isisekelo somthetho ngokuya ngesilinganiso semholo esivele sikhona, sekuyisikhathi sokufaka ama-70% phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala eziyi-180 zenzuzo yokunikela ukuze kunqunywe inani onelungelo lokulithola. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi sokuqala, inani lomhlomulo liyancipha. Kusukela ngosuku lwe-181, kusetshenziswa ama-50% kusisekelo sokulawula ukuthola inani elizotholwa.
Futhi, izinhlobo ezimbili zokubanjwa ziyasebenza enanini eliphelele elihambelana nenzuzo enikelwe:
- Umnikelo Wezokuphepha Komphakathi: 4,7% wesisekelo sokulawula. Lesi yisisekelo seminikelo emaphakathi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule zezimo ezingaba khona.
- Ukugodla intela yomuntu siqu, inqobo nje uma kufanelekile.
Ingane ethembekile
Umqondo "wengane encike kuye" ubaluleke kakhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokuthola izinzuzo zokungasebenzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imikhawulo yezomnotho, kokubili okuphezulu kanye nobuncane, maqondana nezinzuzo bathembele ngokuyisisekelo emithwalweni yemfanelo yabantu okukhulunywa ngabo. Kodwa kusho ukuthini ngengane ethembele kuye? Okulandelayo kuwela kulesi sigaba:
- Amadodana noma amadodakazi angaphansi kweminyaka engama-26 ubudala.
- Amadodana noma amadodakazi angaphezu kweminyaka engama-26 ubudala anokukhubazeka okungaphezu kwama-33%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukukhombisa ukuncika kwabo kwezomnotho. Ukuze amadodana noma amadodakazi athathwe njengabaphethe, Akufanele babe nemali engenayo elingana noma enkulu kune-100% yomholo ophansi wokusebenzisana (SMI), ngaphandle kokuhlala nomuntu onentshisekelo yokuqoqa inzuzo enikelwe.
Ngokuhambisana nokuhlala ndawonye, ukukhokhwa kwempesheni kufakwa ngokuqondene nokudla, noma ngabe izingane zihlala nomunye umzali. Kulezi zimo umqondo wengane udluliselwa nakulowo oshade naye. Kwezinye izikhathi, izintandane zabo bobabili abazali zingabonwa njengezingane ezithembele inqobo nje uma zincike kubazuzi.
Umkhawulo omkhulu nobuncane benzuzo enikelwe
Uma sesibalile inani elihambelana nenzuzo yokungasebenzi yokunikela, kufanele ibe ngaphansi kwemikhawulo ebekiwe nengaphansi encike ezimeni zomndeni zabafakizicelo. Inhloso yalawa makepisi ukuthi inani lalo mhlomulo liyafana emholweni ophakathi nendawo nophakeme.
Kubantu abangenazo izingane ezincikayo, umkhawulo ophakeme womhlomulo wokunikela ulingana no-175% ngenyanga kwe-Public Indicator of Multiple Effects Income (IPREM) inyuke ngeyodwa yesithupha, okuba yi- € 2020 ngo-537,84. Ngale ndlela, umphumela uhambelana ne- € 1.098,09 ngo-2020.
Esikhundleni salokho, abafakizicelo abanezingane ezethembayo banenye i-cap ephezulu. Lokhu kuhambelana no-200% ngenyanga we-Public Multiple Effects Income Indicator (IPREM) ikhuphuke ngesithupha esisodwa uma kuyingane eyodwa, okungalingana ne- € 1.254,96 ngonyaka we-2020. Endabeni yokuba nezingane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, inani lenyuswa laba ngama-225% ngenyanga ye-Public Indicator of Multiple Effects Income (IPREM) inyuke ngeyesithupha. Leli cala lokugcina lizohambisana nengqikithi ye- € 1.411,83 ngo-2020.
Ukuze uvimbele abanye abantu ekutholeni izinzuzo ezimbi kakhulu, kukhona nama-caps amancane. Kulezi zimo, inani elincane linqunywa elingancikile emalini yeminikelo yomfakisicelo. Ngale ndlela, abahlomuli abangenazo izingane ezincikisiwe bathola okungenani ama-80% ngenyanga ye-Public Indicator of Multiple Effects Income (IPREM) enyuke ngo-2020. Ngo-501,98, inani lalingu- € 107. Uma umfakisicelo enezingane ezithembele kuye, bazothola i-671,40% ngenyanga ye-Public Indicator of Multiple Effects Income (IPREM) enyuswe ngesithupha esisodwa, okuholele ku- € 2020 ngo-XNUMX.