Uma unenkampani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inkulu noma ingeyomndeni, lapho uthengisa khona imikhiqizo kanye/noma amasevisi, ngokuqinisekile uyazi ukuthi yini i-inventory. Empeleni, kuyinto okufanele wonke umuntu abe nayo, ngisho nasemakhaya, kodwa okungakabikho muntu osakhiphe konke okungenziwa ngakho.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kulesi senzakalo, ngeke nje sikutshele ukuthi yini i-inventory, kodwa sizophinde sikutshele ngezinhlobo ezikhona, imisebenzi abangayifeza kanye nenye idatha ebalulekile. Kwenze?
Kuyini i-inventory
Ngokusho kwe-RAE, i-inventory yile:
"Ukukhokhwa kwezimpahla nezinye izinto zomuntu noma umphakathi, ezenziwe ngokuhleleka nangokunemba."
Empeleni idokhumenti, engokoqobo noma ebonakalayo, lapho inkampani kufanele irekhode yonke impahla ephathekayo yenkampani. Ngamanye amazwi, yizo zonke izinto ezibonakalayo inkampani enazo futhi okufanele izilawule, ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa imali ngokunyamalala kwayo, nokugwema ukuthenga enye uma ungayidingi.
Ake sithathe isibonelo. Ake sithi unesitolo sezicathulo. Kuyo uzoba nemikhiqizo eminingi yezicathulo kanye nomkhiqizo ngamunye, amamodeli amaningana. Ngamunye wabo, izinombolo ezahlukene.
Uma iklayenti lingena esitolo sakho futhi likubuza inombolo engu-39 yemodeli yohlobo oluthile, ingabe uyazi ukuthi unayo yini esitolo sakho? Into ephephe kunazo zonke ukuthi uzobheka isitoko kukhompyutha. Kanjalo, lokho kuyi-inventory.
Manje ake ucabange ukuthi unaleso sitolo sezicathulo lapho abasebenzi abambalwa besebenza khona. Omunye wabo uklebhule ihembe lenkampani yakhe, futhi ucela elisha elinosayizi othile. Uzoya esitolo ukuze ubone ukuthi akhona yini asele futhi uma kunjalo, kufanele ubhale ukuthi uthathe elinye lalawa mahembe uma kwenzeka kufanele ulishintshe ngosayizi osanda kuwathatha.
Ngempela, i-inventory ayigcini nje ngalokho inkampani enakho, kodwa nalokho ekuthengisayo kumakhasimende. Okusho ukuthi, ungenza uhlu lwayo yonke into inkampani enayo kanye nolunye lapho ubuyekeza khona isitoko sempahla ozoyithengisa.
Kusukela nini i-inventory ikhona?
Wake wazibuza ukuthi i-inventory yaqala nini ukusetshenziswa? Hhayi-ke kufanele wazi ukuthi kukhona amarekhodi ukuthi eGibhithe lasendulo ayevele esetshenziswa. Kulokhu, babewusebenzisela ukudla ngendlela yokuthi babe nohlu lokudla ukuze, ngezikhathi zokuntula, bazi ukuthi yini abangathembela kukho futhi bakusakaze ngendlela engcono.
Ngokusho kocwaningo, zazisetshenziselwa izitshalo ezimpucukweni zangaphambi kweSpanishi.
Izinhlobo zokusungula
Ukukhuluma nawe mayelana nezinhlobo ze-inventories kungaba yisihloko eside nesidina. Futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zazo. Kuye ngefomu, ukusetshenziswa, isigaba, njll. uzoba nohlobo olulodwa noma olunye. Okwaziwa kakhulu futhi osetshenziswa ezikhathini eziningi yizinkampani yilezi ezilandelayo:
Physicists
Yilezo eziphrintiwe futhi ezibambekayo. Lezi zisetshenziswa kancane futhi kancane ngenxa yokuthi i-inventory ingashintsha ngokushesha okukhulu (ngisho nezikhathi ezimbalwa ngosuku) futhi lokhu kungenza idokhumenti ebonakalayo iphelelwe yisikhathi esikhathini esingamahora ambalwa.
Enye indlela yokuzibheka ukurekhoda zonke izimpahla ezibonakalayo zenkampani, noma zebhizinisi maqondana nemikhiqizo ezothengiswa.
Izingxabano
Uma ngaphambili bekuyidokhumenti ephathekayo, kulokhu sikhuluma kakhulu ngedokhumenti ebonakalayo, kukhompuyutha noma ithebhulethi, lapho irekhodi lansuku zonke lalolu hlu lwenziwa khona.
Okunye okukhethwa kukho ukuthi kube uhlu lwempahla engaphatheki yenkampani, eqoshwe kulolu hlu.
Izibonelo zalolu hlobo kungaba yi-copyright, amalayisensi esofthiwe, njll.
Ngokusho kwemikhiqizo
Ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwemikhiqizo, noma izigaba imikhiqizo edlula kuzo, singasho ukuthi kunezinhlu ezimbalwa, njenge:
- ngezinto zokusetshenziswa. Okusho ukuthi, ukwenza uhlu lwalezo zinto ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe imikhiqizo ethengiswa yinkampani.
- Okwemikhiqizo esenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngamanye amazwi, izingcezu ezihlanganisiwe kodwa, zona ngokwazo, aziyona imikhiqizo engathengiswa kodwa okusafanele ikhiqizwe futhi ihlanganiswe nezinye izingcezu ukuze kubhekwe njengeqediwe.
- yemikhiqizo eqediwe. Ilungele ukudayiswa, yileyo mikhiqizo engase ithengiswe ngokuqondile, noma ngenxa yokuthi isiqedile ukukhiqiza, noma ngoba ithengiwe isiphelile.
- ngezimpahla zasefekthri. Singasho ukuthi ziyefana nalezo zempahla eluhlaza, kodwa kulokhu azikwazi ukulinganiswa, ngoba zingasetshenziswa ezintweni eziningi (isibonelo, upende, noma isikelo).
Ngokomsebenzi wayo
Enye indlela yokuhlukanisa uhlu lwempahla ihlobene nomsebenzi wezinto. Ngakho, ungathola:
- Uhlu lwezokuphepha. Yaziwa nangokuthi i-reserve. Yilezo lapho izinto ezizodingeka uma kwenzeka ukwanda kwesidingo noma ukushoda zigcinwa futhi zidweliswe.
- ukuhlukanisa. Iwuhlu lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye/noma imikhiqizo ephelelisanayo (umkhiqizo ubungeke uphele ngaphandle kwazo) kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo azivumelaniswa enye nenye (isibonelo, ukuthi iyingxenye yomkhiqizo kodwa ukuthi isigaba sokuqala asikwazi ukubekwa).
- Ithrafikhi. Ziyizingcezu ezi-odiwe kodwa azikafiki. Zibalwa ngoba sezikhokhelwe, kodwa anikakabi nazo esandleni senu.
- Okwesizini. Lokhu kubhekisela emikhiqizweni eba “phakathi” ngesikhathi esithile sonyaka bese idlula ohlotsheni lwesidingo esiphansi. Ngokuvamile zigcinwa kusukela komunye unyaka kuye komunye ngenhloso yokungalahlekelwa yimali (inqobo nje uma zingagcinwa, kunjalo).
ngokusho Logistics
Okokugcina, sizoba ne-inventories ngokuya nge-logistics. Mhlawumbe ingenye eyaziwa kakhulu, kodwa azikho izinkampani eziningi eziyisebenzisayo ukuhlukanisa izimpahla zazo. Kulokhu ungathola:
- emiseleni. Okusho ukuthi, uhlu lwezimpahla olushintsha kakhulu oluthinta amazinga ahlukene noma iminyango.
- ngokuqagela. Ziyimikhiqizo egcinwa "uma kwenzeka". Umgomo uwukuba nawo atholakale uma kwenzeka kunesidingo ngawo futhi kanjalo akwazi ukuhlangabezana naleso sidingo.
- umjikelezo wokusungula. Lapha singabeka leyo mikhiqizo eyaziwa ukuthi iyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Isibonelo, i-sunscreen, izingubo zokubhukuda, izimbadada...
- Kwezokuphepha. Kuyafana nokuqagela, kodwa inhloso iwukuba ngaso sonke isikhathi ube nezinto ezincane ozokwazi ukuphakela ngazo ngokushesha uma kunesidingo.
- Imikhiqizo isivele isiphelelwe yisikhathi, iphukile, ilahlekile... Singasho ukuthi "iwukulahlekelwa" kwenkampani njengoba le mikhiqizo ayithengiswa futhi imele utshalomali olungabuyiswa yinkampani.
Njengoba ubona, ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi i-inventory iyini, kufanele futhi ulawule izinhlobo ezikhona. Kodwa, ngokuvamile, okufanele ukugcine ukuthi lokhu kungakusiza wenze uhlu olubuyekeziwe lwalokho onakho, kungaba enkampanini noma ekhaya, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ulindele ukuthenga kwakho ngokusekelwe kulokho osetshenziswe kakhulu. (noma qhubeka nakho. lokho onakho okuningi). Uke wenza i-inventory?