Wazini ngomlando wezomnotho? Kungenzeka ukuthi uyazi nge-mercantilism, ukuvikela, kodwa kuthiwani ngokuhweba mahhala? Futhi iyingxenye yomnotho, futhi nakuba kumelwe sibuyele emuva ekhulwini le-XNUMX, iqiniso liwukuthi abanye bangase bacabangele ukuthi isekhona nanamuhla.
Kodwa kuyini ukuhweba mahhala? Ibonakala ngani? Ihluke kanjani ekuvikelweni? Ingabe kuhle noma kubi? Konke lokhu sifuna ukukuxoxa nawe.
Kuyini ukuhweba mahhala
Ukuhweba mahhala, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi ukuhweba mahhala, empeleni kuwumkhuba wezomnotho. Inhloso bekuwukuthi (futhi) ukukhuthaza ukuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe ambalwa. Ukwenza lokhu, ikhuthaza ukuqeda izithiyo ezingase zibe khona emasikweni ukuze kungabikho izinkinga lapho kuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe noma lapho kulethwa kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokusobala, amazwe ahlomula kakhulu yilawo afuna ukuthumela ngaphandle, ngoba ngale ndlela bangakhiqiza imikhiqizo eningi engeke ibe nenkinga yokungena kwamanye amazwe.
I-RAE ngokwayo (i-Royal Spanish Academy) ichaza ukuhweba mahhala ngokuthi "inqubomgomo yezomnotho esusa izithiyo ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe". Futhi yilokho elikwenzayo, njengoba zingekho izithiyo zempahla, amazwe afuna ukuthumela ngaphandle angakwazi ukubekezelela ukwehla kokuthunyelwa, noma izindleko zezomnotho; Ngaphezu kokukwazi ukungenisa (okungukuthi, ukuthenga kwamanye amazwe) abakudingayo ngaphandle kokuthi kube yinkinga kubo.
Lokhu okwamanje kulawulwa izivumelwano zohwebo lwamahhala, izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe noma phakathi kwamazwe, njll. Kodwa ngosuku lwayo kwakungeyona "enhle".
Umsuka wokuhweba mahhala
Uma ufuna ukwazi kahle ukuthi ukuhweba kwamahhala kwaqala nini futhi kuphi, kufanele ubheke emuva. Ngokuqondile kuya ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalombili. Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho i-mercantilism ibusa khona, kufanele uzibeke eNgilandi, ngoba, ngokusho kwemibhalo egciniwe, kubonakala sengathi kwakuyizwe lokuqala elaqala ukulisebenzisa. Eqinisweni, yaphumelela kangangokuthi yasakazekela nakwamanye amazwe phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX.
Ukuhweba kwamahhala vs ukuvikela
Ukuhweba okukhululekile kuhlobene kakhulu nokuvikela. Kodwa hhayi ngoba ziyafana, kodwa ngoba ziphambene.
I-Protectionism ibonakala ngokwenza umkhuba wezomnotho ezweni, ukukhuthaza imboni yalo ngaphezu kwamazwe angaphandle. Ngamanye amazwi, izibophezele ekukhiqizeni kuzwelonke phezu kwezinto ezithengwayo.
Ukwenza lokhu, ngenhloso yokumisa lokhu kuthengwa kwamanye amazwe futhi ukuze abathengi bangakuboni "njengethuba", ngaphezu kwamanye amazwe angaboni njengenzuzo ukuthumela imikhiqizo yabo kanye/noma amasevisi kulelo zwe, izintela, izintela. , izimali ziyasungulwa. , izinkokhelo, njll. ukwenza kubize kakhulu kumthengi ukuthola leyo mikhiqizo kanye/noma amasevisi. Kodwa nakwabezizwe abayithumelayo.
Lokhu kunenhloso ethize: ukukhuthaza ukuzimela. Okusho ukuthi izwe lizimele futhi alidingi abanye ukuze liphile.
Ngokusobala, lokhu akulula ukukufeza. Futhi nakuba amazwe amaningi ethuthukisa umkhiqizo kazwelonke, aphinde angenise futhi athumele ngaphandle ngaphansi kohwebo lwamahhala.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi ngokuhweba mahhala
Kuyacaca ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi izwe alizibeki izithiyo noma libe nentela, izilinganiso, njll. ukumisa ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kusuka nakwamanye amazwe kuyinto enhle. Kodwa futhi kubi ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Futhi yilokho Lo mkhuba wezomnotho unezingxenye zawo ezinhle nezimbi.. Phakathi kwezinto zangaphambili, akungabazeki ukuthi ezinye izindlela zabathengi, kanye nabakhiqizi, ziyanda ukuze bathole imikhiqizo kanye/noma izinsizakalo ezinenhlobonhlobo enkulu (ukukwazi ukujwayela ukuhlinzeka nokufunwa, izindleko eziphansi, njll.).
Ngokuba namathuba amaningi, intengo ingancishiswa ezimweni eziningi, kodwa ukusebenza kahle nokukhiqiza nakho kuyanda.
Futhi, Sikhuluma ngokuvula amazwe ukuhwebelana. Ake sithi unemboni yamabhodlela. Kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele usabalalise eSpain kodwa, ngokusebenzisa uhwebo lwamahhala, ungamaketha nomkhiqizo wakho namanye amazwe, lapho kukhona ukuthuthukiswa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwalelo bhizinisi (ngakho-ke, izinzuzo nokukhula kwenkampani kukhulu) .
Manje, ingabe konke kuhle? Iqiniso liwukuthi cha. Ekuhwebeni ngokukhululeka kukhona ukonakala kwezepolitiki, eqinisweni lokuthi, ngokuthembela kakhulu ezweni ngoba lowo mkhiqizo noma isevisi ayithuthukisiwe ngokwayo, umuntu "ungaphansi" kulokho izwe elikushoyo, kungaba ngokuphathelene nenani, izimo, njll.
Kulokhu kunganezelwa ukuncintisana. Uma izinkampani zezwe sezivele zincintisana nabanye abavela ezweni elifanayo, futhi eziningi zivala, lapho izenzo zokuhweba mahhala kanye nabathengi bevunyelwe ukufinyelela kwamanye amazwe athengisa leyo mikhiqizo noma amasevisi, bazofaka inani lebhalansi nekhwalithi, futhi kungaba yimbangela yokuvalwa kwamabhizinisi amaningi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwenzuzo (nezikweletu noma izindleko zokuhlala zivulekile).
Ekugcineni, Okunye okubi kokuhwebelana ngokukhululeka, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ukuncika ezweni. Uma ubheja ekungeniseni yonke into engakhiqiziwe ezweni, ukuncika kuyakhuthazwa, njengoba kudingeka amanye amazwe ukuze akwazi ukuletha leyo mikhiqizo noma amasevisi adingekayo ukuze afeze amanye. Ngokwesibonelo, ake ucabange ukuthi eSpain awekho ubhanana. Kuzodingeka ukuthi sizikhiphe kwamanye amazwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma esikhundleni salokho sikhiqiza ubhanana futhi sibheje kulowo mkhiqizo, sizobe sizimele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingaqhubeka yini ukungeniswa noma cha.
Ingabe ukuhweba mahhala kuhle noma cha?
Ayikho impendulo elula yokuphendula lo mbuzo, njengoba, kusukela ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalombili, sekunababhali abaningi nosomnotho abaye baphikisana ngokuthi ingabe ingcono kakhulu emazweni noma cha.
Kukhona abakubona njengendlela yokusizana phakathi kwamazwe. Njengoba ngale ndlela umnotho uhamba futhi "uqinisekisa" ubuncane obusebenzayo bokungenisa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, abanye abaningi bakhuluma ngokuncika okukhiqizwa emazweni angakukhuthazi lokho akungenisa ezweni, aziphoqe ukwamukela imibandela ebekwa abanye (ngaphezu kwaleyo ntela eqediwe).
Njengoba ubona, ababhali abaningi balwela noma bamelene nokuhweba kwamahhala. Futhi zisekelwe kulezi zinzuzo noma ukungalungi esikushilo. Ucabangani ngakho?