Emhlabeni ohlangene, izinkampani azigcini nje ngokuba nethuba lokuhwebelana namanye amazwe, kodwa ziphinde zikhiqize kwelinye izwe okungelona izwe ezidabuka kulo. Nakuba lo mkhuba ubonakale ukhanga futhi uzuzisa amabhizinisi amaningi, namuhla izithiyo zokwenza lokho zenza izinkampani zicabange kabusha lesi simo. Okungukuthi, buyisela ukukhiqizwa emazweni asuka kuwo. Lokhu "kubuyela ekhaya" yilokho okwaziwa ngokuthi ukubuyisela kabusha, futhi iminyaka bekulokhu kuthandwa kakhulu futhi kwenziwa.
Kodwa kuyini Yini eye yashukumisela ukubuyisela kabusha ukuze uthole amandla?? Yiziphi lezo zinkinga zokukhiqiza kwamanye amazwe? Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, yiziphi izinkampani ezizozuza ngokubuyisela imikhiqizo ezweni lakubo? Okulandelayo, kanye nezimpendulo zayo yonke le mibuzo, sichaza ukuthi yini i-Reshoring nokuthi imayelana nani.
Kuyini i-Reshoring?
Kuwuhlelo izinkampani ezibuyisa ngalo ukukhiqiza kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yayo emazweni endabuko. Ukudoba kabusha kwaziwa nangokuthi i-inshoring, i-onshoring noma i-backshoring. Lesi simo senzeka sigqugquzelwa ukulahleka kwezinzuzo ngaphambilini ezenze ukukhiqizwa ngaphandle kwezwe kube nenzuzo. Isibonelo esihle yiChina, lapho izinkampani eziningi zase zisungule izikhungo zazo zokukhiqiza futhi manje sezibuyela emazweni lapho ziphuma khona.
Kungani lokhu kuye kwasebenza kakhulu ezinsukwini zethu kungatholakala nasezindabeni. Incazelo yokuqala ithi amazwe athile abone intengo yabasebenzi ikhuphuka. Uma sinakho okumele sikukhokhele iholo libiza kakhulu, lokhu kuba yisibi uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okwake kwaba ukugqugquzela kanye nenzuzo yezomnotho engxenyeni yezinkampani. Futhi, phakathi neminyaka eyandulela i-Covid, impi yezohwebo phakathi kwe-US ne-China yayisho ukuthi ingahle ingabi mnandi kuye ngokuthi yikuphi ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle.
Icala liwukuthi phakathi kwamanye amazwe, u-2020 waphawulwa yi- ukuphela kwe-supply chain ngenxa ye-Covid enomthelela emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi bekungesinye isikhuthazo ezinkampanini eziningi ezingakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ukuthi zicabangele futhi ziqale ukuhlehlisa izinqubomgomo. Lesi simo asizange sime, futhi muva nje lo nyaka wezi-2022 ngenxa yempi phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine kanye nezinyathelo ezihlukene nezikhundla ezamukelwe ohulumeni abahlukene, kusize ukukhulisa ukuhwebelana kabusha phakathi kwezinkampani eziningi.
Kuyini i-offshoring?
Kuyinqubo ephambene nokuhlenga kabusha. Lokhu ukudluliselwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza izimpahla emazweni angaphandle. ngokuvamile ekhuthazwa ngu ukunciphisa izindleko ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ngenxa yomsebenzi noma izinto zokusetshenziswa. Yaduma kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamaholo ezisebenzi emazweni athuthukile.
Ziningi izinto ezibe nomthelela esinqumweni sokuthuthwa kwezinkampani. Akukhona nje isifiso sokwenza izinqubo zibe nenzuzo ngokunciphisa izindleko, ekugcineni abanye abasebenzi babengazimisele ngokuphelele ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Lesi simo kungaba umphumela, hhayi kakhulu imbangela, ukuthi izinga lezemfundo jikelele lenyuke. Abaningi balaba bantu abaqeqesheke kakhulu kungaba yibona ababezosebenza ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni besuka emazweni abadabuka kuwo.
Kuyini ukusondela?
Elinye igama eselidume kakhulu elokusondeza eduze. Kuyi-a indlela ephakathi phakathi kokudoba kabusha kanye ne-offshoring. Kubandakanya ukuhambisa izikhungo zokukhiqiza nokuzithuthelela ku- izwe eliseduze nezwe lendabuko. Ngakho-ke ezinye izinzuzo ezincintisanayo ziyalandelwa lapho indawo endala ingasenayo inzuzo noma ihehe, futhi ukuba seduze kwendawo kuyaziswa.
Sikwazile ukwazisa le nqubo ngokudluliselwa kwezinkampani ezimbalwa zase-US ezazitholakala e-China manje esezidluliselwe eMexico. Ngale ndlela, izinkampani zithola ibhalansi phakathi kwekhwalithi, inzuzo kanye nokuphepha emabhizinisini azo.
Iyiphi inzuzo ukudoba kabusha kunayo futhi yiliphi ithuba elinikezayo?
Umhlaba othuthukayo uletha izinselelo zebhizinisi ezikuphoqa ukuthi ushiye indawo yakho yokunethezeka ukuze uphumelele. Igiya elihlehlayo ekudluliselweni noma ekuthuthweni kwezinkampani libeka esivivinyweni izindlela ebezisebenzile kuze kube manje. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye ne-automation zezinqubo zisiza ukunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi lezo zindawo ezingase zibe khona. Ngale ndlela, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwenza kahle kwezinsiza kuyazuzwa, ukwazi ukudlulisa imali yabantu emisebenzini ehlinzeka ngenani elengeziwe emikhiqizweni.
Ngokulandelayo, imikhiqizo iba nezinga eliphansi, futhi ukuvula imigqa ehlukene kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwebhizinisi ngenkathi ukusondela kumthengi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi noma ibuphi ubunzima abunawo umthelela omkhulu kangaka ezinkampanini. Ngokuba umhlaba osushintshile futhi, ukubuyisela kabusha kuyathandeka futhi sondelana nabathengi.
Esinye isizathu ukuthi ukuhlonipha impahla yengqondo okungase kungalawulwa njalo njengasezweni lendabuko. Le nkinga ithinta inkampani ngokuqondile futhi ingadumaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yayo uma ingase iphinde iphindwe. Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kuvame ukuthatha ingxenye enkulu yenzuzo ezinkampanini eziningi.
Iziphetho
Kungase kudideke ukuthi izinkampani ebezishiye ukukhiqiza ngaphandle kwezwe lazo ziqale ukubuya kungazelelwe. Nakuba zingekho ngendlela efanayo, lezi zinhlobo zemikhuba noma izindlela zokusebenza aziyona into entsha. Isikhathi eside, nangezizathu ezahlukene, amabhizinisi agxile ngaphandle kwesifunda abeyinsakavukela. Esigabeni ngasinye salezi zigaba zokuthutha noma zokubuya, kuye kwavela izinselele ezintsha lokho Baye benza indlela yokwenza ibhizinisi yashintsha.
Naphezu kwezinselelo ezibandakanya ukwakhiwa kabusha, lokhu kuzoqhuba futhi kufune izindlela ezintsha zokugxila ekukhiqizeni. Ngendlela efanayo, bekungenzeka futhi ukuthi, njengakudala, kuthathwe indlela ehlukile ngalesi sikhathi. Uma singagxilisa ngendlela efanele imali yabantu esetshenziswayo ezinhlelweni ezintsha zokuzenzakalela, umhlaba nawo unethuba lokunikela ukugxuma kwekhwalithi endleleni yokwenza izinto.