Wake wezwa nge-elasticity of demand? Itemu lezomnotho, yebo, kodwa lapho izibalo nazo zingena khona. Futhi ezinkampanini kungabaluleka kakhulu ngoba ngayo ungathola ukuthi uma intengo yomkhiqizo ishintsha, izoba nomthelela ekuhlinzekweni noma ekufuneni.
Kodwa kungakanani okwaziyo ngale elementi? Uma ufuna ukuyazi ngokujulile, futhi futhi ukuyiqonda, sizokuchazela ngezansi.
Kuyini ukunwebeka kokufunwa
Into yokuqala okufanele uyikhumbule, njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, yilokho Ukunwebeka kwesidingo kuyisici esikhomba ukuthi kwenzekani uma intengo ihluka (phezulu noma phansi) ekuhlinzekweni noma ekudingweni komkhiqizo.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukunwebeka kwesidingo kungasisiza sazi ukuthi kwenzekani uma kuba noshintsho enanini ekuhlinzekweni noma ekudingweni.
Isibonelo, Ake sithi unomkhiqizo wonke umuntu awufunayo: ugwayi. Lokhu bekulokhu kukhuphula intengo yakho ukuze kugwenywe ababhemayo abaningi futhi ukuze impilo yabantu ingabi sengcupheni. Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyanda kangakanani, ababhemayo bayaqhubeka nokuthenga, futhi nakuba kukhona okuncane okubavimbayo, kuyangena nabaningi. Okusho ukuthi, sinakho ukuthi intengo ikhuphukile futhi, ngokuphambene nalokho okungenzeka, isidingo siyaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuwa, noma singasho ngisho ukuthi ikhuphukile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinezinkundla zokusakaza. Ngaso sonke isikhathi bebelokhu benyusa intengo, okubangela ukuthi isidingo sehle, futhi ngoba kunezipesheli eziningi.
I-Elasticity yesidingo: i-elastic noma inelastic
Uma ubheka lezi zibonelo ezimbili esisanda kukunikeza zona, kwesinye sazo akubonakali sengathi ukwenyuka kwentengo kunomthelela ekudingeni, kanti kwesinye kubangela ukuba siwe.
Uma umkhiqizo noma isevisi ikhuphuka ngentengo, futhi abantu besayithenga, Kuthiwa sibhekene ne-inelastic elasticity of demand.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ukuguqulwa kwentengo kubangela ukuba isidingo sikhuphuke noma siwe, sihlukaniswa njengokunwebeka.
Manje, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili, nakuba zivame kakhulu, akuzona zodwa. Ungathola futhi:
- Isidingo esinelastic ngokuqhathaniswa. Kulesi simo kukhona ushintsho ekufuneni, yebo, kodwa lokhu kungaphansi kwalokho okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwentengo.
- Isidingo sokunwebeka ngokuqhathaniswa. Njengeyangaphambili, ngenxa yalokhu kuguqulwa kwentengo, isidingo siyehla, kodwa lokhu akubalulekile kangako ukukufeza.
- Isidingo sokunwebeka esihlangene. Ingenye lapho ukuguqulwa kwesidingo kukhiqiza khona, ngentengo, ushintsho olulinganayo.
Yiziphi izici ezithonya isidingo
Ngokugxila manje ekunwebekeni kwesidingo esinwebekayo, kunezici ezithile ezinquma ukunwebeka okukhulu noma okuncane kwaleso sidingo. Okubaluleke kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Izidingo. Umkhiqizo noma isevisi eyenzelwe ukuzijabulisa okulula ayifani nesidingo. Isibonelo, ukubhalisela imidlalo yevidiyo kukhonsoli ngeke kufane nokuthenga amafutha omnqumo okupheka. Uma isidingo sibalulekile kulowo muntu, isidingo ngeke siwe, kodwa sizohlala sinjalo, kanti uma kuyinto ongayenza ngaphandle, izowa.
- Izimpahla ezishintshwayo. Okungukuthi, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona okunye esikhundleni salokho okuhle noma isevisi ekhuphule inani. Uma zikhona, futhi ziyikhwalithi, abantu abaningi bazokwenza ngaphandle kokuthenga eyokuqala uma kuqhathaniswa nolunye uhlobo.
- Izindleko zalokho okuhle. Ake sithi unepensela elikubiza amasenti ayishumi. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili uyothenga enye futhi esikhundleni sika-10, bakucele u-10 cents. Nakuba kube nokukhuphuka kwentengo, iqiniso liwukuthi, njengoba kuyinto enhle ethatha isikhathi sokuchithwa kanye nokwehliswa kwentengo phakathi kwenani elilodwa nelinye lincane, khona-ke ukufunwa ngeke kuhluke kakhulu. Kodwa uma kunomehluko omkhulu, izinto ziyashintsha.
- Intengo. Kufanele wazi ukuthi, kuye ngamanani, ukunwebeka kwesidingo kungase kube phezulu noma kube phansi. Ngokuvamile, uma amanani entengo ephezulu, ukufunwa kuncane okunwebekayo uma kuyimikhiqizo eshibhile.
Ungabala kanjani ukunwebeka kwesidingo
Isinyathelo esilandelayo okufanele sisithathe mayelana nokunwebeka kwesidingo ukwazi indlela yayo. Ukwenza lokhu, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi sikhuluma ngokuhlukana. Kufanele uhlukanise ushintsho lwephesenti ngobuningi (isidingo) ngoshintsho lwamaphesenti enani.
Lokho kusho ukuthi:
I-Elasticity of demand = % ushintsho ekufuneni /% ushintsho lwentengo
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, umphumela ungaba:
- Kukhulu kuno-1. Kusho ukuthi ubhekene nesidingo esinwebekayo.
- Ngaphansi kuka-1. Khona-ke isidingo sizoba sinelastic.
- 1 ngqo. Ungaba nebhalansi noma ukulingana kwesidingo (yize lokhu kuyivelakancane kakhulu.
- Uma ifinyelela ku-0 noma iseduze kakhulu. Kungakhombisa ukuthi izinguquko ezenziwe ngamanani azihlangene nesidingo.
Isibonelo sokusetshenziswa kwefomula
Ake sithi uya esitolo sezincwadi uyothenga incwadi yokubhalela. Lokhu kubiza i-euro eyodwa. Kodwa uma usubuyela kwenye uyakutshela ukuthi isibiza i-euro eyodwa nohhafu. Lokhu kuye kwasho ukuthi, lapho ebala labo abazithengayo, abone ukuthi usephumile ekubeni nezidayisi ezingama-40 wafinyelela ku-23 kuphela.
Okokuqala udinga ukwazi ukuguqulwa kwe% kwesidingo. Okusho ukuthi, ukwazi ukuthi mangaki amaphesenti akhona kusukela ekuthengisweni okungu-40 ukuya ku-23. Ukwehlukanisa u-40 ngo-23, ukuphindaphinda ngo-100 bese ukhipha i-100, sithola ukuthi ingxenye ingu-74% (ukusondeza).
Ngokwengxenye yayo, manje sinakekela ukuguqulwa kwentengo. Futhi senza okufanayo esithola ngakho u-50%.
Sisebenzisa ifomula:
Ukuqina kwesidingo = 74% / 50%
Ukuqina kwesidingo = 1.48%
Okusitshela ukuthi iyanwebeka.
Njengoba ubona, ukunwebeka kwesidingo kungaba into ekhombisa imiphumela yokwenyuka kwentengo noma ukwehla ngokuphathelene nesidingo noma ukuntuleka kwalowo mkhiqizo noma isevisi. Ingabe unayo eminye imibuzo? Sikuxazululela wona.