Umkhiqizo olula kakhulu ukwenza inkontileka, kepha ngasikhathi sinye obunzima ekubunjweni kwawo yilawa izimali zokutshala izimali. Ukugwema ukuthi ube nenkinga nabo, kuzodingeka ukuthi uqoqe lonke ulwazi mayelana nale mikhiqizo yezezimali. Indlu eyodwa yazo yehlukile, futhi zizoba nokwakheka okuhlukahluka kuye ngemodeli ngayinye. Akukho okunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokuthola incwajana ezothunyelwa kuwe ivela ebhange, noma kumphathi walezi zimali.
Kuzofanele bakuthumele kuwe ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokubhalisile. Futhi uma kungasizathu esithile ungakatholi kuzofanele wazise ibhange lakho ukuthi likuthumele lona ngokulibaziseka okuncane okungenzeka. Futhi ngale ndlela, yiba nolwazi olwanele ukuze wazi ngokuqiniseka okuphelele ukuthi ubeke imali oyilondolozile nokuthi yiziphi izimfanelo ezihlinzekwa yisikhwama sokutshala imali.
Imininingwane Yesikhwama
Umbhalo omkhulu ozothunyelwa kubahlanganyeli bezimali zokutshala imali kuzoba izincwajana ezinolwazi. Kulo mbhalo uzoba nayo yonke imininingwane ngohlobo lomkhiqizo abawuthengile. Ngokombiko okhuthazwe yi-Inverco, i-Association of Collective Investment Institutions and Pension Funds, u-66% wabantu ababhalise esikhwameni sokutshala imali abazifundanga izincwajana zolwazi abakwazi ukufinyelela kuzo. Futhi ngesilinganiso esiphansi, abakaze bakuqonde
Ngokuqonda kwakho, ungaqonda kusukela manje kuqhubeke ukuthi kungani izimali ziphinde zilinganiswe, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, zehliswa ezimakethe zezimali. Futhi yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu enqubweni yokutshala imali, ezodinga ukuzimisela ukuyifunda kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi, njengoba kunjalo nakuwe. Hhayi ngeze, cabanga ngala maphuzu alandelayo ayisisekelo azosiza bonke abasebenzisi.
- Ukwakheka kwezimali: uhlobo lotshalo-mali lwesikhwama luzofakwa ngokuningiliziwe, nokuthi impahla yempahla yenziwe kanjani: imali engaguquki, eguquguqukayo, enye imali engenayo, noma ngabe inezikhundla ezimakethe zemali noma zemali.
- Umsuka wezimpahla: imvelaphi yalezi zimali kufanele ishiwo, ezimakethe zemali engenayo ezingaguquguquki nasekuguqukeni. Futhi nesilinganiso esinikezwe impahla ngayinye yezezimali. Kungaba okwasendaweni, okwaseYurophu, komhlaba wonke, noma okuvelayo.
- Imbuyiselo enqwabelene: Olunye ucezu lolwazi oluzocatshangelwa kulolu lwazi oluzothunyelwa kukheli lakho inzuzo yalezi zimali eminyakeni yamuva. Izokhombisa kakhulu, futhi noma ngabe kunjalo ngeke isho ukuthi izophinde ikhule eminyakeni embalwa ezayo. Njengoba ubona esivivinyweni ngasinye kwehlukile, akufani neze.
- Izinhlobonhlobo: uma kunoma yisiphi isimo kuzoba nomholo kulowo osindisa imali, kufanele kubonakale kulezi zincwajana, kanye nangesikhathi esilandelwayo (njalo ngenyanga, ngekota, semi-ngonyaka noma ngonyaka). Ukuze wazi, ngaso sonke isikhathi, inani ozolithola kule nkokhelo minyaka yonke, njengoba kwenzeka ekusebenzeni ezimakethe zamasheya.
- Amakhomishini: kuzoba ngesinye sezici ezifundisayo izincwajana ezinolwazi ezikunikeza zona. Lapho kufanele ufake phakathi iziphi izimali ozokhokhiswa zona ngokwenza ngokusemthethweni kwazo, futhi-ke, inani lalokho. Bangakwazi ukuphatha, ukufaka, ukusabalalisa, njll.
- Izingozi: kuzoba yisibopho somphathi wesikhwama uqobo ukukuxwayisa ngobungozi obuzithola kwezinye zezimali zokutshala imali ongene kuzo, kanye nephrofayili yomtshalizimali lapho le mikhiqizo yezezimali iqondiswe khona. Akumangalisi ukuthi ezinye zazo zimele umthombo wokungaqiniseki okuphawuleka ekwenzeni kwabo ngokusemthethweni, ongeke ukwazi ukukucabanga. Ikakhulukazi uma uyingxenye yeqembu labatshalizimali abavikela kakhulu.
Eminye imithombo ehlukile
Kodwa-ke, kufanele wazi ukuthi lezi zincwajana zingaba nzima kakhulu ukuqonda okulungile, ikakhulukazi ifayela le- abantu abanolwazi oluncane lwezezimali noma abangenalo nhlobo. Uma ngabe leli kuyicala lakho elithile, ngeke ube nenye indlela ngaphandle kokucela usizo ebhange lakho elijwayelekile ukuthola usizo lokuchaza ngokucacile ukuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo abawusebenzisile. Noma ukumane ucacise iphuzu ongaliqondi kahle. Futhi ukuthi ngensizakalo yokutshala imali bazophatha isidingo ngokushesha okukhulu, ngeqembu lochwepheshe kulolu hlobo lotshalo-mali.
Kunoma ikuphi, uneminye imithombo lapho ungaya khona ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nesikhwama sokutshala imali. Ngeke zijule njengezincwajana ezisemthethweni zezinkampani zokuphatha, kepha okungenani uzokwazi ukwanelisa isidingo sakho maqondana nezici zezikhwama zotshalo-mali ezakha iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali.
Enye yezindlela ezifinyeleleka kakhulu, futhi ngasikhathi sinye elula, ukuya kuwebhusayithi yebhange lapho usebenza khona njalo. Kufanele iqukathe imininingwane mayelana nezimali abazithengisayo, kuya ngokwakhiwa kwewebhu. Akuzona zonke izinhlangano ezifake le sevisi, futhi zinembile amabhange aku-inthanethi ahlukaniswa ngokunikela ngezinsizakalo ezihamba phambili kulokhu okuqukethwe.
Ngokunjalo, kunohlu olubanzi lwamakhasi afundisayo afaka le datha, ngamandla amakhulu noma amancane, nokuthi avele kuphi. labo abavela kubalamuli bezezimali, noma umzimba ukuvikela abasebenzisi. Kuzokusiza ukuthi ube nedatha ethile, noma ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi liyini inani langempela lamasheya akho ezikhwameni zokutshala imali. Kuzo zonke, awunaso esinye isixazululo ngaphandle kokuya emithonjeni echwepheshe kakhulu, futhi lokho kukwenza ube nokuzethemba okukhulu.
Izinkinga ezingase ziphakame
Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi ukuqoqa ulwazi oluvela kwizikhwama ezihlanganyele kunzima kakhulu kunasekuthengisweni kwesitoko kwendabuko. Akumangalisi ukuthi owokuqala wemikhiqizo uhloselwe isikhathi esithe xaxa sokuhlala unomphela, kusuka eminyakeni emi-3 noma emi-5, ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kokusebenza ezimakethe zezimali.
Kunoma ikuphi, kuzohlala kunezimo lapho uzoba nombuzo mayelana nezimali zokutshala imali ozibhalisile. Zingaba zemvelo ehlukahlukene, kusuka ezimweni zobuchwepheshe, ukuthi ungazivala kanjani izikhundla kuzo. Ngaphambi kokuyiqasha, kuzodingeka ukuthi ube nayo yonke imininingwane ngabo, futhi ngale ndlela uvikele noma iyiphi inkinga ngale miklamo ehlose ukutshala imali.
Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ubeke kuphi imali oyongele imali. Akumangazi ukuthi iningi labatshalizimali abambalwa alazi nokwazi, ngoba balibhalise ngaphandle kwezimfuno ezinkulu. Futhi mhlawumbe lapho belahlekelwa yimali kumasheya abo bayalibona iphutha abalenzile. Njengoba kunikezwe lesi simo, izincomo ezinhle kakhulu zisuselwa ekungasayini noma yisiphi isikhwama ngaphandle kokwazi okuqukethwe kwaso.
Kufanele wazi nengxenye oyitshalile kuzimpahla zezezimali ezinikezwe izimakethe zezimali. Ungahle ungazi uma inketho oyikhethile isuselwa emholweni ongaguquguquki noma oguqukayo, noma ingahle ibe yinto exubile. Kuzodingeka futhi ugweme lesi simo esingathandeki neze.
Izindawo ezikhona lapho izimali ezihlanganisiwe kwiphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali zivezwe khona ngeke zibaluleke kangako. Elinye iphutha elibi lapho ungawa khona nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, uma ungatholi le datha ngaphambilini. Kunoma ikuphi, uzokwazi ukuyixazulula ngesikhathi ngokubonisana nebhange, noma ngisho nomphathi uqobo, futhi kunoma yiliphi icala bazokutshela ngokushesha okukhulu uma ukhethe i-Europe, global noma abasafufusa izimali.
Amaphutha amaningi ajwayelekile
Esinye sezimo lapho abatshalizimali abanolwazi oluncane ngezimakethe, noma okungenani, abanolwazi olwanele lwezezimali, bakholelwa ukuthi izimali ezisekelwe kumholo ohleliwe azisoze zehla. Kumanga ngokuphelele lokhu kugomela, njengoba uzobe ukuqinisekisile ezinyangeni ezedlule. Vele, bangafaka inani langempela lamasheya, futhi nangobuhle obuseduze nalokho kwamanani.
- Enye inkolelo engalungile ukucabanga ukuthi esikhathini esizayo zonke izimali zokutshala imali zenza imbuyiselo kulondolozo. Imvamisa lokhu kunjalo, kepha ekunikezelweni kwamanje kunamamodeli athile athuthukise ukwehla okukhulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ngengozi yokuthi ungalahlekelwa yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokonga okutshaliwe.
- Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye abatshalizimali banombono wokuthi ngale mikhiqizo yezezimali ngeke bakwazi ukuthola ukubuyekezwa okuphawulekayo kwezimpahla zabo. Futhi kungamanga, njengoba ezinye izimali eminyakeni yamuva - ikakhulukazi lezo ezivela emalini - zibe nezinzuzo zonyaka ezifika kuma-50%, nokuthi kumamodeli anolaka kakhulu baye banikela kakhulu.
- Futhi akulona iqiniso ukuthi amanani amakhulu kufanele anikelwe kulolu hlobo lotshalo-mali. Hhayi kancane, ngoba kusuka kuma-euro angama-1.000 ungenza kube semthethweni isikhwama sokutshala imali, nangaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo zenkontileka. Akumangalisi ukuthi ngomunye wemikhiqizo yezimali eguqulelwa kuwo wonke amakhaya, futhi ngaphandle kwemingcele. Yize kuliqiniso ukuthi amanye amamodeli afuna kakhulu futhi afuna isikhundla sokuncintisana.
- Futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kwezinye zazo awukwazi ukuyithengisa noma uyidlulise isikhashana, njengoba udinga i-quota yabahlanganyeli, nokuthi bazokuvimbela ukuthi ushiye izikhundla zabo ngesikhathi osifunayo. Kunoma ikuphi, uma ufunda ngokucophelela izincwajana zolwazi zezinkampani zokuphatha, ngeke ube nankinga ukuphuma kunoma yiziphi zalezi zimo, ngisho nezinye ezingakhula ngesikhathi sempilo yakho njengomtshali-zimali kuleli banga lemikhiqizo. Futhi ngaphandle kokuba yinkimbinkimbi ngokweqile, zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu kuwe.