Emhlabebeni wezomnotho, kunamagama athile okufanele aziwe. Enye yazo ngamasheya abhalisiwe. Nakuba kungewona umkhiqizo ongafinyeleleka kwabaningi, yebo ungahlangana naye ngesinye isikhathi futhi yingakho kufanele wazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini.
Kulokhu, namuhla sizogxila ekwazini ukuthi yiziphi izenzo zokuqoka, izinhlobo, izibonelo nokuthi zidluliselwa kanjani. Uyafuna ukuyifunda?
Ayini amasheya abhalisiwe
Amasheya abhalisiwe yilezo zenzo ezibhaliswe egameni elithile. Ngamanye amazwi, la masheya axhunywe kumnikazi othile noma umnikazi wamasheya ngendlela yokuthi nguyena kuphela ongawasebenzisa.
Ngamanye amazwi, singase sicabange izenzo zokuqoka njenge isenzo esegameni lomuntu.
Lokhu kusenza sibone umehluko ngama-bearer shares, noma ubani angawaphatha, kodwa uma kwenzeka kubhalisiwe ngumuntu kuphela onegama elibhalwe kulesi senzo ongasebenzisa amandla ukugomela amalungelo akho (kanye nokugcwalisa izibopho ozinikeziwe).
Lapho kwenziwa isenzo sokuqokwa, lokhu kufanele njalo ibhaliswe encwadini yamasheya abhalisiwe, kungenjalo ingase ingasebenzi.
Akuwona wonke amasheya abhalisiwe
Njengokwazi kwakho, amasheya abathwali ahlala ndawonye namasheya abhalisiwe. Kodwa-ke, kunezinombolo zazo okufanele zicatshangelwe esimweni sesibili. Yiphi? Okucacile:
- Izenzo ezisungulwe ngumthetho ukuthi kumele kube nominative. Kulokhu, ungakwazi kuphela ukuthobela lokho okushiwo umthetho.
- Lezo ezidinga inzuzo yesisekeli. Ngokwesibonelo, lezo ezihambisana nesibopho esiyinhloko.
- Amasheya angakhokhiwe ngokugcwele. Uma kusekhona okuthile okulindile kulezi zenzo, njengomuntu onesibopho sazo, umnikazi kufanele athathe izintambo zokukhokhela ama-akhawunti futhi, ukuze agweme izinkinga, ahlonze lowo mninimasheya ukuze alawule.
Izinhlobo zamasheya abhalisiwe
Akulula ukuhlukanisa amasheya abhalisiwe ukuze uwahlukanise ngezinhlobo ngoba empeleni Konke kuncike kumibandela abazohlukaniswa ngayo..
Okunye okuvame kakhulu kususelwe ohlotsheni lwelungelo abaninimasheya abazoba nalo. Ngakho, sine:
- evamile. Eyaziwa nangokuthi ejwayelekile. Kulokhu, umnikazi walelo sabelo unezwi nevoti emihlanganweni yabaninimasheya (ngandlela thize, unamandla okulawula izinqumo ezenziwayo).
- Okuncamelayo. Yilawo anikeza umninimasheya amalungelo okuthola i-dividend encane. Ngamanye amazwi, uma ama-akhawunti sekufanele akhokhelwe, abanikazi balawa masheya babaluleke kakhulu ukubuyisela utshalomali lwabo uma kunezinkinga zokukhokhela bonke abaninimasheya.
Manje, enye yezigaba ezisetshenziswa kabanzi iyi-transmission medium, futhi kulokhu sithola amaqembu amabili amakhulu okuyilawa:
- Kuyamukeleka. Singazichaza njengalezo zenzo ezingadluliselwa komunye umuntu. Kulokhu, kufanele kulandelwe indlela, leyo yokugunyaza, ngaphezu kokwazisa inkampani ekhiphayo ngalo mnyakazo ukuze ibhaliswe encwadini yoBhaliso.
- Akuvunyelwe. Ngokungafani nezinye, kulokhu azikwazi ukudluliselwa. Nokho, lokhu akunjalo eqinisweni; yebo, angadluliswa, kodwa kusetshenziswa isibalo “sesabelo samakhredithi angenakuvunyelwa”.
Indlela amasheya abhalisiwe adluliswa ngayo
Ake sithi unesabelo sokuqokwa (sanoma yiluphi uhlobo) futhi ukhetha ukungabi nalo, kodwa ukusidlulisela komunye umuntu. Njengoba sakutshela ngaphambili, lokhu kungaba esimweni esivunywayo noma esingamukeleki.
Kwenzekani uma kuvunywa? Bese kwenziwa inqubo yokugunyaza. Okwenziwayo yenza inkontileka lapho umninimasheya ezimisele ngokudayisa amasheya akhe abhalisiwe kumuntu ozowathenga. Futhi, ngakho-ke, badlulisela igama lakho kumthengi omusha.
Manje, ukuze lokhu kube semthethweni, leyo nkontileka kufanele ibhaliswe ebhukwini lokubhalisa lamasheya aqokiwe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bekungeke kube semthethweni ukwenza kanjalo.
Kwenzekani uma zingavunywa? Uma kwenzeka ukuthi amasheya awavunyelwe, akusho ukuthi awakwazi ukudluliselwa, angakwazi. Kodwa ukuze kuqhutshekwe nenqubo, kumele kwenziwe ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yinkontileka yokwabiwa kwamakhredithi angenakuvunywa.. Ifana ngempela nalokhu okungenhla, njengoba isinyathelo sokugcina ngemva kokusayinwa kwaleyo nkontileka sizobhaliswa encwadini yamasheya ebhalisiwe. Kodwa, futhi nanku umehluko, le ncwadi izoba nezingxenye ezimbili, ezivunywayo (lapho eyangaphambili yayizoya khona) nezingavunyelwe, lapho lezi ziya khona.
Izibonelo zamasheya abhalisiwe
Ukuze siqedele, sifuna ukukunikeza izibonelo zamasheya aqanjiwe ukuze uhlobo lwamasheya kanye nesizathu sokuthi kungani abizwa kanjalo kucace kakhudlwana kuwe.
Esinye sezibonelo ezicacile yizenzo zamaqembu ebhola. Abaningi banabanikazi bamasheya futhi lawo masheya angaba ngokukhethwa kukho.
Ukuze ucace kakhudlwana, ake ucabange uneqembu lebhola olithandayo futhi amasheya angu-2000 azothengiswa. Unemali eyanele ukuzithenga futhi ngaleso sikhathi bakutshela ukuthi baqokiwe. Kusho ukuthini? Ukuthi lezo zenzo ze-2000 zizoxhunyaniswa nomuntu wakho. Akekho omunye ozoba nesibopho ngabo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uzokwazi ukusebenzisa amalungelo akho ngenkathi ufeza izibopho zakho.
Esinye isibonelo singaba imisebenzi eyenziwa emakethe yamasheya yizinkampani. Esikhundleni sokuthi babe ngama- bearer shares, bengazi ukuthi ubani osemva kwabo, bazofika "negama nesibongo". Eqinisweni, ezinkampanini eziningi, noma ezinkampanini eziphakeme (noma ezidume kakhulu), amasheya abhalisiwe asetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi yezezimali.
Njenganoma yiliphi isheya, amasheya abhalisiwe anezinzuzo zawo kanye nokubi. Kodwa uma kuziwa ekuzitholeni, kufanele ulinganise lezo zinzuzo nezingozi ngaphambi kokuthola okuthile okungenzeka kungalungile kuwe (noma okuzokulethela ezinye izinkinga). Ingabe umqondo wabo nakho konke okuhlobene nabo sekucacile kuwe?