Umkhakha wezokuvakasha waseSpain ungowesithathu onamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, ngemuva kwe-United States neFrance kuphela. Lokhu kuliqiniso lokuthi ungasebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukwenza imali oyongile izuze ngamanani ezimakethe zamasheya alezi zici. Kodwa-ke, futhi naphezu kokubaluleka kwe- imboni yezivakashi kuzwelonke, yizinkampani ezine kuphela ezibalulwe enkombeni yokulinganisa yezimali zaseSpain, i-Ibex 35: U-Amadeus, u-AENA, u-IAG noSol Meliá. Yize okungenani ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zalabo abatshalizimali abakhethekile abafuna ukutshala imali emkhakheni wezokuvakasha ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye.
Ezokuvakasha ziyimboni ehamba phambili emnothweni waseSpain, kepha ngasikhathi sinye umkhakha ochithwa kakhulu emakethe yamasheya yizinkampani ezimbalwa ezimelwe emakethe eqhubekayo. I-Tourist Movements on Borders (FRONTUR) ngonyaka owedlule ivumela isikhundla esihle sezokuvakasha eSpain ngokukhombisa ukuthi zingu-81,8 million izivakashi ezivakashele izwe lethu ngalesi sikhathi.
Le mininingwane imele i- Ukwanda ngo-8,6% maqondana nokuhamba kwezokuvakasha konyaka owedlule. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuba ngumbuso wesithathu wezokuvakasha emhlabeni, ngemuva kwe-United States neFrance kuphela, ngemininingwane ebuyekeziwe evela ku-World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO). Futhi konke lokhu yize kukhombisa ukwehla okuthile kokugeleza kwezivakashi kusuka ngaphandle kwemingcele yethu, njengoba kwenzeka ezinyangeni zasehlobo: Julayi nehlobo. Lapho kube khona ukwehla kokuvakashelwa okucishe kube ngu-2% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule.
Ezokuvakasha umkhakha ozinzile kakhulu
Le datha yesikhashana esifushane iyisizathu esingeziwe sokuba abatshalizimali babe nentshisekelo kule ngxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, futhi ngaphandle komthelela wayo okhethekile ku- ama-akhawunti omphakathi kazwelonke, ayinayo umkhakha othile ngaphakathi kwamasheya aseSpain. Njengokwakhiwa, izinsizakalo zezezimali noma ubuchwepheshe kanye nezokuxhumana. Kepha, kunalokho, kuhlanganiswe nezinsizakalo zabathengi, kanye nabezindaba namaketanga okusabalalisa ukudla. Lokhu kungenye yezingqinamba ezinkulu ekuboneni ngokucacile izinkampani zezokuvakasha ezingakha iphothifoliyo yabathengisi.
Kungumkhakha onemisebenzi yebhizinisi eyehlukene kakhulu futhi ethinta indawo yokuhlala yamahhotela, ezokuhamba emoyeni, ezokungcebeleka nezokubhuka. Ngamunye wabo unabamele abambalwa kuphela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ekutshalweni okuningi. Futhi akukho okusetshenziswayo okuphathelene phesheya ukusungula ukuqhathanisa nezinye izinkampani ezikulo mkhakha. Kepha noma kunjalo baveza uchungechunge lwezici ezejwayelekile kubo bonke. Ngokwesiko kuxhumene nokugeleza kwabavakashi, nengqalasizinda abayinikeza abahambi futhi maqondana neSpain, nokunikezwa "Ilanga nolwandle" okuyimpahla yayo ebaluleke kakhulu maqondana nezimbangi zayo eziyinhloko.
Izinkampani ezibalwe emkhakheni
Okwamanje, kuphela izinkampani ezingaba ngu-130 ezihlanganiswe nemakethe eqhubekayo ezinikelwe kulo msebenzi. Ngabamele abane kuphela ku-Ibex 35 (Amadeus, AENA, IAG noSol Meliá). Ngokungafani neminyaka edlule, amanani abo kuze kube manje aphansi kunalawo akhiqizwa yinkomba ekhethiwe yemakethe yamasheya aseSpain (-0,67%). Lapho inani elilodwa kuphela lomkhakha wezokuvakasha likhombisa ukusebenza okungcono, ikakhulukazi Amadeus eyehla kancane iye ku-0,35%. Kuthinteke kuzo zonke izimo ngokuwa okungokomlando (ama-5%) emakethe yamasheya yase-United States.
Ngolayini bebhizinisi, ngisho nasengxenyeni efanayo yebhizinisi, njengoba kunjalo ngabamele ababili kuphela embonini yezivakashi, ezimele ama-niches ahlukene ebhizinisi. Ngenkathi uchungechunge lweSol Meliá lusekela ukunikela kwalo ikakhulu engxenyeni "yelanga nolwandle", NH Amahhotela kusekelwe kwezokuvakasha emadolobheni futhi ukuhamba kwebhizinisi.
Abamele izindiza
Ngokwabo, izindiza ezibalwe emakethe eqhubekayo yaseSpain, IAG futhi eDreams, zigcina ukufana okufanayo kwezentengiselwano futhi ezimweni zombili intengo yamasheya abo incike ezingeni lapho intengo kawoyela ikhula khona ezimakethe zezezimali. Ezinye iziphakamiso okuyizinto ezenziwa ngabatshalizimali yi-Amadeus noma iParques Reunidos, yize isuka ezindleleni ezahlukahlukene kuya kwezedlule.
Kungumkhakha jikelele osondelene kakhulu nokukhula komnotho. Lapho kukhula inqubo yokwanda emnothweni, uzothola imiphumela emihle yebhizinisi ezinkampanini ezibalwe. Ukuze ngale ndlela idluliselwe entengo yamasheya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi njengesici esingesihle, kuveza ukuzwela kwakhe okukhulu maqondana nakho ukuhlasela kwamaphekula lokho kwenzeka endaweni ethile emhlabeni. Akumangalisi ukuthi inomthelela oqondile ekuhambeni kwabahambi.
Ukuhlasela kwamaphekula eBarcelona
Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi ngemuva kokuhlaselwa eBarcelona ehlobo eledlule, kwakuyizindinganiso zabavakashi lokho ukulahlekelwa okuholelekile kukho konke ukuhwebelana kwamasheya aseYurophu. ESpain, ukuwa okungaphezu kwaleyo eyenziwe yi-Ibex 35 (1%). IAG, ukwehla ngo 3%, kanye no NH Hoteles kanye no Sol Meliá, cishe 2,5%. Ukushiya cishe ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-300 emakethe yamasheya emahoreni ambalwa. Njengomkhakha othinteke kakhulu yilezi zenzo zobuphekula nangaphezulu kwamanye amanani wezimali zikazwelonke. Lokhu kungenye yezingozi ezinkulu lo mkhakha obhekene nazo ngoba uzwela kakhulu lapho ukuwa kufakwa ngamandla ezikhundleni zamanani alezi zici.
Akumangalisi ukuthi uma kwenzeka esinye salezi zehlakalo ezinzima, into enengqondo kunazo zonke abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abangayenza ukuze basuke (noma isikhashana) kula manani. Ngoba bavame ukuhlupheka kunciphisa amanani akho ngendlela ebabazekayo. Ngokuncipha okungaphezu kuka-5% futhi lokho kugcinwa ngenkathi ukungaqiniseki kuhlala. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi awahambelani nje kuphela nezindinganiso zomkhakha wezokuvakasha, kepha yiwona obucayi kakhulu ukuwacijela maqondana nokuqina kwawo. Futhi manje, ngeshwa, sicwilisiwe enqubeni yalezi zici, lapho okungenani kulindelwe khona ukuhlaselwa ngalezi zimpawu zobunikazi.
Iminikelo yamanani ezivakashi
Lesi sigaba seziphakamiso zokutshala imali kumasheya sibonakala ngokuyisisekelo ngoba sincike kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili ekusetshenzisweni. Ngalo mqondo, zifana kakhulu nezitoko ezijikelezayo, eziziphatha kangcono ngezikhathi ezikhulayo futhi kubi kakhulu kuzikhathi zokuphumula. Lokho kusho ukuthi, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungasebenza kanjani nabo ukuze ungathathi isimanga ngesikhathi sokufunda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyizibambiso imigqa yabo yebhizinisi ejwayelekile kakhulu, phakathi kwezinye izizathu ngoba ngakho konke ukuphepha kwabo uzisebenzisela wena ukuchitha amaholide akho noma umane uthokozele uhambo noma uhambo olungajwayelekile.
Kufanele futhi ucabangele kusukela manje ukuthi izindinganiso zabavakashi zihlobene kakhulu neSpain kunelinye izwe lamazwe omhlaba. Yize ngaphandle kokuboniswa ngokufanele ngenani lezinkampani ezibhalwe emakethe yamasheya aseSpain. Akusizi ngalutho, zisembalwa kakhulu uma umuntu ebheka isisindo izwe lethu elinaso emkhakheni wezokuvakasha wamazwe omhlaba. Lapho inemikhakha emele kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Ngalo mqondo, noma kungakhohlwa ukuthi lokho okuthiwa ilanga nolwandle eSpain kuyabhekwa njengempahla yezezimali. Okuthile okungenzeki, isibonelo, eSlovenia, ePoland noma eSweden ukubala izibonelo ezimbalwa nje.
Ungasebenza kanjani ngalawa magugu?
Esinye isici esizohlolwa ukusebenza kulesi sigaba sezokuphepha. Yebo, esinye sezikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokuthatha izikhundla sisezinyangeni zasehlobo. Impela ngoba kulapho i- ukugeleza kwezivakashi futhi lapho imisebenzi yezinkampani emkhakheni inkulu khona. Ngokwethiyori, leli qiniso kufanele lenzeke ngokukhuphuka kwamanani ezingcaphuno. Yize kunjalo akuhlali kunjalo, kude nakho. Ngoba nazo zincike kwezinye izinto ezifanele kakhulu futhi lokho-ke kufanele kubhekwe kusuka manje. Ikakhulukazi lapho izinkampani zezokuvakasha zimbalwa kakhulu ekunikezelweni kwamanje okuhlinzekwa ngamasheya kazwelonke.
Kulesi simo esivamile, esinye isici okufanele simiswe ngokubhekisele ekukhokhweni kwezabelo yilezi zinkampani. Bambalwa kakhulu abanesibopho sokuyisabalalisa kanye nembuyiselo encane kakhulu engavamile ukweqa u-4%. Ngezansi kwalokho okwethulwe ngeminye imikhakha yamasheya kazwelonke. Ngokwalo mbono, izinzuzo zokuvakasha azizuzi kakhulu futhi azisizi kangako kubatshalizimali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okunye okuheha kakhulu ukuthatha izikhundla kulezi zinkampani ukuzinza okumelwe ezokuvakasha emnothweni waseSpain. Yize kungaphawuliwe ngokweqile ekwaziseni okukhulu entengweni yalezi zibambiso. Ngokwethiyori, leli qiniso kufanele lenzeke ngokukhuphuka kwamanani ezingcaphuno.