Enye yemikhakha ethole ukunakwa kakhulu kubatshalizimali eminyakeni yamuva ezokuvakasha. Kuyimodeli yebhizinisi ehambayo ukwenza ngcono izinombolo zabo unyaka nonyaka uze ube ngomunye wenzuzo enkulu emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba. Ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene ezinjengendawo yokuhlala amahhotela, izinhlaka zokuvakasha, izikhungo zokubhuka kanye nezindiza. Isethulo salokhu sakamuva sinikeza umfutho omusha kubatshalizimali abathatha izikhundla kwezokuphepha ezimele lo mkhakha obalulekile ezimakethe zezimali. Kokubili kuzwelonke nangaphandle kwemingcele yethu.
Imininingwane yakamuva enikezwe yi I-World Health Organization (UNWTO) uyisibonelo esihle sokubaluleka okutholwa ezokuvakasha ebudlelwaneni bezomnotho bamazwe omhlaba. Ngalo mqondo, umbiko wakamuva we-UNWTO ukhombisa ukuthi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala zonyaka wezi-2017, izindawo ezivakashelwa umhlaba wonke zathola ingqikithi yezivakashi zomhlaba wonke ezingama-598, ezinye ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-36 kunangesikhathi esifanayo sonyaka odlule. Ukukhula, okumele u-6% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka owedlule, kudlule kakhulu ukuthambekela okuphezulu okubonwe eminyakeni yamuva, okwenza isikhathi kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni isikhathi esiyizinyanga eziyisithupha esihle kakhulu kusukela ngo-2010.
Le datha ibeka izisekelo zokukhetha le ngxenye yebhizinisi njengenye yezintandokazi ongakhetha kuzo imali engenayo ngalo nyaka. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi amasheya amaningi amelwe kakhulu anekhono elibheke phezulu elenziwa eminye imikhakha yamasheya. Kodwa-ke, i- ukunikezwa eSpain kukhawulelwe kuziphakamiso ezimbalwa ezisohlwini. Isibonelo, iSol Meliá, iNH Hoteles, i-Amadeus kanye nenkampani yezindiza i-AIG. Kusekuncane futhi ngeke kube khona okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokuya ezimakethe zamazwe omhlaba ukuyothola okubanzi futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukunikezwa okuhlukahlukene.
Ukwanda kwezokuvakasha kwamazwe omhlaba
Ngokusho komagazini wakamuva we-UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, isibalo sezivakashi esaziswe ngezindawo zokuvakasha emhlabeni wonke sikhombisa isidingo esinamandla sokuvakasha kwamazwe omhlaba engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka wezi-2017. Emhlabeni jikelele, izivakashi zamazwe omhlaba (izivakashi ezilele ubusuku bonke)) inyuke ngo-6% uma kuqhathaniswa ne-semester efanayo yonyaka odlule, okudlula kakhulu ukuthambekela okuzinzile nokuqhubekayo kokukhula okungenani okungu-4% okubonwe kusukela ngo-2010. .
Enye imininingwane yezintshisekelo eqinisekisa ukubaluleka komkhakha wezokuvakasha emhlabeni wonke yilona olunereferensi ukukhula okuqinile ephethe ingxenye enhle yezindawo zomhlaba. Ngalo mqondo, umbiko we-UNWTO ugcizelela ukuthi imiphumela ihlobene nokukhula okuqinile okubhaliswe ezindaweni eziningi kanye nasekuqhubekeni kokululama kulezo ezibhalisiwe eziwela eminyakeni eyedlule. Kuzo zonke izifunda ze-World Tourism Organisation, ukukhula bekuphakeme kakhulu eMiddle East (+ 9%), Europe (+ 8%) nase-Afrika (+ 8%), kulandelwa i-Asia nePacific (+ 6%) kanye neMelika ( + 3%).
I-panorama yezokuvakasha kazwelonke
Mayelana nomsebenzi wabavakashi eSpain, inkinga enkulu ilele enkingeni inkinga yesiCatalan engaba nayo kwimininingwane kazwelonke. Ngalo mqondo, uNobhala Jikelele omusha we-World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO), uZurab Pololikashvili, usanda kusho ukuthi ICatalonia ibhalise ukwehla kwezokuvakasha phakathi kuka-15% no-20% kwikota yokugcina yonyaka. Isikhathi esihambelana nokuphakama kwenselelo yokufuna ukwahlukana futhi esibe nomthelela omkhulu ekwandeni kokungazinzi kwezepolitiki. Ngaphandle kokuthi kwezinye izifunda zaseSpain bakhombisa imininingwane evusa izivakashi. Ngokwanda okuphawuleka ekwamukelweni kwezivakashi ezinyangeni ezedlule.
Kunoma ikuphi, le datha kufanele iboniswe kunani langempela lezinkampani ezibalulwe ezimakethe zezimali. Okuthile okwamanje, nangokuya ngenani elikhulu labahlaziyi bezezimali, okungazange kwenzeke ngamandla alo onke. Ngeke kulibaleke ukuthi uNobhala Jikelele we-World Tourism Organisation uqhakambisile ibuyile ekufikeni kwezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe eSpain eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokukhuphuka okucishe kube ngama-25%, yize isibalo esifanele kakhulu ukuthi izinga lokukhula lingagcinwa ezinyangeni ezizayo.
Izindawo zaseMedithera eziholayo
Ngokombiko wakamuva we-UNWTO, izindawo eziseMedithera zibhalise ukukhula okuvelele ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka we-2017, njengoba kukhonjisiwe emiphumeleni erekhodwe yiNingizimu ne-Mediterranean Europe (+ 12%), North Africa (+ 16%) kanye ne-Middle East (+ 9%). Lo mkhuba ukhuthazwe ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwezindawo eziningi endaweni, kuhambisana nokubuyela emuva okukhulu ezindaweni lapho kwehle khona ukwehla eminyakeni edlule, njenge ETurkey, eGibhithe naseTunisia.
Le datha iyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili yezintshisekelo zezokuvakasha eSpain. Ngoba ngakolunye uhlangothi, izintshisekelo zabo ziyahlomula ngokuya phezulu kwalo msebenzi wezomnotho. Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungahlupheka umncintiswano oqhamuka kwezinye izindawo kule ndawo engalinganisa imiphumela yezomnotho kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Ukunambitheka okumuncu, ngakho-ke, kwezokuvakasha kuzwelonke, ngakolunye uhlangothi okungakakhombisi izimpawu zobuthakathaka kunoma yiziphi izingxenye zebhizinisi.
Ukufika kukhule ngo-4%
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufika kwabavakashi bamazwe omhlaba ngoJuni kukhuphuke ngo-8% eNyakatho Yurophu 6% eNtshonalanga Yurophu kanye no-4% eYurophu Ephakathi neseMpumalanga. E-Sub-Saharan Africa, abafikayo bakhuphuke ngo-4%. Ngenkathi enye ingxenye, ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yiWorld Tourism Organisation, iSouth Asia (+ 12%) iholele ukukhula e-Asia nasePacific, ilandelwa yi-Oceania (+ 8%) neSoutheast Asia (+ 7%), ngenkathi imiphumela itholakele eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia (+ 4%) behlukahluka kakhulu.
Umbiko uyaqhubeka, kubhekiswe eqinisweni lokuthi ukukhula kwabafika ngalesi sikhathi kuqhutshwa yi imfuno ephumayo yezokuvakasha kusuka ezimakethe eziyinhloko zomthombo. Ikakhulukazi, iCanada, iChina, iRiphabhlikhi yaseKorea, iSpain, i-United States, iFrance kanye ne-United Kingdom baqhubekile nokubika ukukhula okunamandla ezindlekweni zabo eziphuma kwezokuvakasha. Kule semester yokuqala, kwaba nokululama okuqinile kwesidingo esivela eBrazil naseRussian Federation ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokwehla kwemali esetshenziswa yizivakashi zabo zaphesheya.
Ukuboniswa kwemininingwane yezokuvakasha emakethe yamasheya
Esinye isici esihluke kakhulu yilokho okuwukuguquka kwezimakethe zezimali zamagugu omkhakha wezokuvakasha. Mayelana neSpain, bakhombisile ngonyaka odlule ukukhula cishe kwe-8%. Ngaphandle komehluko omkhulu neminye imikhakha yamasheya, njengamabhange, ukwakhiwa, ubuchwepheshe obusha noma izinkampani zomshuwalense. Ngalomqondo, la magugu abukelwa phansi maqondana neqiniso elivezwa ezokuvakasha kulo lonke izwe lesizwe. Okuthile okufana nokwenzeka kwezinye izimakethe zomhlaba lapho intengo yalezi zinkampani ifana kakhulu. Naphezu kwakho konke, kunenani elihle labahlaziyi bezezimali abaqhubeka nokuncoma ukuthatha izikhundla esitokisini salo mkhakha wezomnotho.
Mhlawumbe esinye sezigaba zebhizinisi ezinokuvela okubi kakhulu ezimakethe zezezimali yilezo zezindiza. Kepha lokhu kungenxa yokunyakaza kwezinkampani okukhombisa amanye alawa magugu. Njengesibonelo, i-IAG emakethe yamasheya yaseSpain futhi lokho akuqhumanga kuya phezulu njengoba abanye abahlaziyi bemakethe yamasheya babikezela. Yize esinye sezici zokuchaza lo mkhuba kungenxa yesaphulelo sokuthi i- intengo kawoyela. Kufike ezingeni lokusondela emazingeni angama-70 dollars ngentengo kawoyela ongahluziwe.
Ingabe yisikhathi sokungena kulo mkhakha?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isemester yokuqala yonyaka imele ukumelela ama-46% wababonke abafika ngonyaka emhlabeni jikelele, kanti isemester yesibili imvamisa iba nezinsuku ezintathu futhi ifaka nezinyanga zesizini ephezulu zikaJulayi nango-Agasti enyakatho Nenkabazwe . Lolu ucezu lolwazi olubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuvela kwenani lamavelu ezivakashi. Ukuze abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi bakwazi ukuthuthukisa uhlobo oluthile lwamasu ukuze yenza ukonga kwakho kube nenzuzo. Kuze kube yilapho bengahlehlisa izikhundla uma isikhathi silungile sokushiya izimakethe zezezimali.
Futhi kungakhohlwa ukuthi esinye sezikhathi esithandeka kakhulu sonyaka ukuvula izikhundla kulo mkhakha yizinyanga zasehlobo. Yisikhathi lapho ukugeleza kwabavakashi kukhula kakhulu cishe emhlabeni wonke. Ikakhulu eSpain, lapho inani lamasheya likhula ngokuphawulekayo, njengoba kwenzekile eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokubuyekezwa kwamaphothifoliyo okutshalwa kwezimali akhiwe ngalezi zimiso ezikhetheke kakhulu zamasheya emhlabeni jikelele.
Kunoma ikuphi, kuzoba ngomunye wemikhakha ozobhekelela lesi sifundo. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu ngoba inamandla wokubuyekeza athakazelisa kakhulu okuthola izinzuzo ezinyangeni ezizayo.