Kunezindlela eziningi zokutshalwa kwemali emakethe yamasheya, kufaka phakathi imali. Ngamasu anolaka kakhulu, noma ngamamodeli wokuzivikela ahlose uku gcina ukulondolozwa. Ukuguquguquka kwezimakethe zezimali kuholele ekutheni kuvela imikhiqizo emisha ukuthi kufanele babe namasheya kuma-crosshairs. Imishini yokusebenza yeBaja ehluke ngokuphelele, ezokwenza ukuthi ungabaze izinhloso zabo zangempela.
Enye yamafomethi abaluleke kakhulu afikile eminyakeni yamuva amadiphozi ahlelekile. Futhi ikakhulukazi imali ekhonjisiwe emakethe yamasheya. Imiklamo ehlelekile esekela isu labo kuyo hlanganisa imikhiqizo emibili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlanganiswe nemali engenayo engaguquki yendabuko, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngomunye wemikhiqizo ebhekiswe kwizibambiso noma izinkomba zemakethe yamasheya.
Ingxube engathuthukisa kakhulu umholo wamadiphozi amabhange abelokhu emaketha kuze kube manje. Akumangalisi ukuthi inani lenzalo abayisebenzisayo yeqa u-0,5% ezimweni eziningi. Njengomphumela wesinqumo se-European Central Bank (ECB) to yehlisa intengo yemali. Futhi lokho sekuholele ekutheni kube nomlando ongu-0%. Okuthile okungakaze kubonwe emlandweni we-euro zone.
Imali engenzi nzuzo kakhulu
Lesi sinqumo somphakathi sikhiqize ukuthi amadiphozithi ethempelini asatshalaliswa kubasindisi ngenzuzo ecacile enganele, hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-0,75%. Ukunqoba la mazinga entula ngeke kube khona okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokwenza uchungechunge lwezenzo. Enye yazo ukwelula imigomo yokuhlala unomphela kwale mikhiqizo yasebhange. Kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2 noma emi-3 lapho imali etshaliwe kuzomele ikhubazeke. Ngomvuzo ongagculisi neze, ngoba uzothuthukisa kuphela ama-margins ngamaphesenti ambalwa weshumi wephesenti.
Elinye lamasu empeleni lifaka ukuya kufayela le- ukukhushulwa kwamakhasimende amasha njengefomula yokukhuthaza ukukhokhelwa kwabafaka imali. Izokwanelisa ngokwengeziwe njengoba izokhuphula inzuzo yakho ibe ngu-1%. Yize ngobubi bokuthi bazoba yimadiphozi amafushane kakhulu. Ngegama eliba phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-1 nezingu-6, futhi ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuzivuselela lapho ziphelelwa yisikhathi.
Futhi enye indlela yesithathu, mhlawumbe enenzuzo enkulu, yileyo ebhekise ekuxhumaniseni amadiphozithi namasheya ngokujwayelekile. Njengomphumela waleli qhinga lokutshala imali eliyingqayizivele, amanani enzalo angathuthukiswa kakhulu. Kuze kube lapho umkhawulo ongu-2% usudluliwe kude. Kepha-ke, ngokushintshanisa ngokuqoqa uchungechunge lwezici. Hhayi ize, bazoba nesibopho sokufeza izinhloso.
Kutholakala ngokuthiwa amadiphozithi ahlelekile. Ziqhutshwa ngokuzimisela okukhulu yizinhlangano zebhange ukuya thatha ukonga kwamakhasimende akho. Ngamamodeli amaningi, kufaka phakathi lawo axhumene nezinye izimpahla zezezimali (zezimali, izinto zokusetshenziswa, izinsimbi eziyigugu, njll.). Akunamkhawulo ebangeni lezimakethe zabo, njengoba ubona.
Izidingo zokufeza izinhloso
Ngalezi zimali ezifakwa emakethe yesitoko, uzothuthukisa ukusebenza kokonga kwakho. Yakhiwe ingxenye evela emholweni ongaguquki lokho kuzokunikeza inzalo encane yize iqinisekisiwe. Cishe u-0,50%, ozohlala uthola ku-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola lapho iphelelwa yisikhathi. Futhi enye ingxenye yotshalo-mali yiyona ezoxhunyaniswa namasheya. Ngobhasikidi wezenzo lezo ezingakhuphula inzuzo yokugcina yomkhiqizo.
Ukwenza ngcono inzuzo kuzodingeka ngokuphelele ukuthi ubhasikidi wamasheya yeqa inani eliphansi kunani lesilinganiso samanani entengo. Lesi simo asihlali senzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi, kungaba nzima ngisho nokukufeza. Kepha uma kushayiwe kulapho-ke lapho uzokwazi ukuthola inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu kwidiphozi, engadlula ngisho namazinga we-5%.
Uma lokhu kungafinyelelwa, ungakhathazeki ngokweqile, ngoba uzoqinisekiswa ngeminikelo yakho yemali, futhi ngokuphelele. Ngokubuya okuncane njengomphumela wengxenye eya emalini engenayo engaguquki. Enye yezimpawu eziyinhloko zalo mkhiqizo wokonga oyingqayizivele ukuthi unesikhathi eside sokugcinwa kunamanye amamodeli. Ingafinyelela eminyakeni emi-3, noma ngaphezulu ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ama-deposit ahleleke kanjani?
Okunye okunikelwe okuyinhloko ukuthi kungabhekiswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimpahla zezezimali. Yize isixhumanisi sokuhwebelana kwamasheya sidlangile, kuzwelonke nangaphandle kwemingcele yethu. Kuvamile kakhulu ukuthola amamodeli athile ukuthi zixhunywe kuma-stock indices amele kakhulu: Ibex-35, Eurostoxx-50, Dax, Dow Jones, Nasdaq Composite noma Nikkei, phakathi kwabaziwa kakhulu ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Njengoba uzobona, ungabaqasha ngokuya ngokuncamela kwakho abatshalizimali, noma ukuvela kwabo. Ezinye zenzelwe amaphrofayli alondolozayo, kanti ezinye zihloselwe abatshalizimali abanolaka ngokwengeziwe, okusho ubungozi obuthile ekuqashweni kwabo. Lokhu kwehlukahluka kokunikezwayo kusho ukuthi ungakhetha phakathi okungapheli kwamadiphozithi ahlelekile. Lapho amanani amakhulu emakethe yamasheya kazwelonke cishe akhona ngaso sonke isikhathi (i-Endesa, i-Iberdrola, i-BBVA, iSantander neTelefonica).
Ungancika nasekuvikelekeni kwangaphandle okubalulwe ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke ezikhethwa kakhulu. Lezi ngokuvamile yizinkampani ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezamabhizinisi, nokuthi bagcina ofeleba abaphezulu. Akumangalisi ukuthi yizilinganiso zabobonke abatshalizimali, nalabo ongabakhetha uma uzosebenza ngqo ezimakethe zezimali.
Isu lale mikhiqizo yasebhange lincike ekuthatheni ubhasikidi wamasheya njengesilinganiso sokutshalwa kwemali. Ukuze ngale ndlela kukhiqizwe ukwahlukahluka okukhulu kumodeli ekhethiwe. Yini ozoyizuza ngale ndlela? Yebo, kulula kakhulu, ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuvikela imali ekulondolozweni. Futhi okwesibili, nweba uhlaka lwakho ngaphakathi kwamasheya.
Izinjongo ozozifeza
Uma ukhetha le modeli yokonga, akungabazeki ukuthi uzobe uguqule izindlela zakho zokuzisusa kokungenzeki okungajwayelekile. Kusukela kulo mzuzu kuqhubeke, ngenisa uchungechunge lweminikelo ezoba lula kakhulu kuwe ukuthi uyazi. Lokhu okulandelayo esikudalula ngakho ngezansi.
- Awusoze wabeka engozini imali yakho ngoba kuzoqinisekiswa kusukela ekuqaleni, ngokusebenza okuncane okuzophinde kuqinisekiswe. Ngakho-ke, akuwona umkhiqizo odala izingozi ezithile njengoba kungaqondakala ekuqaleni.
- Ungatshala imali oyikhethayo ngokususelwa kuphrofayela yakho njengesilondolozi. Lezi zimali ezingama-term zingabhaliswa kusuka kumanani aphansi yawo wonke amakhaya, kuze kufike ezingeni eliphezulu elizobekwa yimibandela yemodeli ngayinye.
- Kuyindlela ekhetheke kakhulu yokutshala imali, ngoba uvula izikhundla emalini kodwa ngaphandle kokukuvezela ngqo. Ngale ndlela, ngeke ulahlekelwe ngaphansi kwanoma yisiphi isimo.
- Ngabe osindisa abengeziwe bokuzivikela labo okungenzeka ukuthi bafeza lezi zenzo, ukuzama ukuthuthukisa amamaki abo enzuzo encane kubhasikidi wezimali.
- Banakho cishe isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuhlala kuzo zonke izimo. Kuzodingeka kuphi ukuthi ubheke ukuthi kufanelekile yini ukubhalisela lolu hlobo lwemikhiqizo yasebhange.
- Lezi zimali ezifakwa ngesikhathi azixhunyanisiwe kuphela namasheya wendabuko, okungukuthi, emakethe yamasheya. Futhi nakwezinye izimakethe zezezimali, kusuka ezimali kuya kuzinsimbi eziyigugu. Ngaphandle kokumbalwa.
- Lokhu okunye kusekelwe ekuxubeni ingxenye eyodwa emholweni ohleliwe wakudala enye isele kokungafani. Lapho ukubalwa okujwayelekile kuzoba yikhona okunquma umvuzo wale mikhiqizo yasebhange.
Ngobani?
Abamukeli balezi zimiso ezikhethekile abekho ngaphandle kwabatshalizimali be- iphrofayili elandelanayo. Abafuni ukuvezwa yizinxushunxushu zezimakethe zezimali futhi bakhethe lezi zinhlobo eziphephe kakhulu. Bazovuna izinzuzo ezincane kuphela ekusebenzeni okuhle kwemakethe yamasheya kwezokuphepha ezigcinwe kubhasikidi okhethiwe kusukela lapho kubekwa isikhathi.
Le ndlela ingenziwa ibe semthethweni kusuka kumanani aphansi kubo bonke abasindisi. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, yakha a ukuvezwa okuncane kakhulu ezimakethe zokulingana. Ungathola izinkontileka zokuphepha, kepha futhi nezinkomba, imikhakha noma izindawo ezikhona kulokhu kubheja ngalezi zimpahla zezimali. Kunoma ikuphi, khohlwa ngokuthola izinzuzo ezinamadijithi amabili njengokungathi kuyizimakethe zamasheya.
Iziphakamiso ozithola emabhange zingaphansi kweminyaka embalwa. Ngempela, kepha naphezu kwakho konke usenamamodeli angenisa lesi sici esiyingqayizivele. Kuzodingeka ukhethe kuphela lezo uzivumelanise kangcono nephrofayili oyivezayo njengesilondolozi esincane, bese ulinda inzuzo ephezulu. Kuphezulu kakhulu ongafinyelela kuleli banga lemikhiqizo yasebhange.
Okubi ngokuqasha
Phakathi kwamaphutha amakhulu ale modeli yokonga, inzuzo encane ongayithola kuma-equities, noma ngabe yakhiwa kanjani, ibonakala. Akunakuhluka okukhona phakathi kwamafomethi athile namanye. Isikhuthazo kulokhu sincane kakhulu. Hhayi ize, futhi yize kungabonakala njengokuphambene, awubhekene nomkhiqizo wezimali. Kepha kuphela isebenza njengokusekela ukukhulisa ukusebenza kwakho kwaminyaka yonke. Akukho okunye.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umholo wabo uzohlala ukuqoqa lapho kufanele, futhi lokho kuzoya ngqo kwi-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola. Uma unenkolelo yokuthi imakethe yamasheya izonyuka ezinyangeni ezizayo, kungakuhle kakhulu ukuthi ukhethe eminye imikhiqizo yezimali, kodwa bakwenza ngokuqondile.