I-Solvency vs liquidity. Kuyimibono emibili yezomnotho, ngezinye izikhathi, ecatshangwa ukuthi iyafana, engenza amaphutha lapho kuthathwa izinqumo. Ngoba, uyawazi umehluko okhona phakathi kwalamagama amabili?
Ngezansi sizokucacisa Iyini i-solvency futhi iyini i-liquidity. Ngokusekelwe kule miqondo, uzobona umehluko kanye nendlela yokubala ngamunye wabo. Siqale?
Yini i-solvency
Siqala nge-solvency, futhi incazelo yaleli gama kulula ukuyiqonda. Isho ikhono lomuntu noma lenkampani ukukhokhela abakweletwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, uma unenani elifanele ukuze ukwazi ukukhokhela izikweletu ezenziwe, ngakho-ke, uzikhokhe.
Uma lo mthamo mkhulu kunesamba sesikweletu esiphelele, khona-ke umuntu noma inkampani kuthiwa iyancibilika kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho ikhono lokukhokha izikweletu lingenakwaneliswa, khona-ke umuntu usuke engenamali.
Manje, izikhathi eziningi kucatshangwa ukuthi i-solvency isezingeni lemali kuphela. Lapho empeleni, ukwazi ukuthi inkampani noma umuntu uyaxazululeka, akufanele nje ube naleyo mali, kodwa futhi nokuba khona kokuhlola ama-akhawunti, indawo ethengiswayo, imishini, amalungelo okuqoqa...
Yini i-liquidity
Uma i-solvency isiqondwa, ingabe i-liquidity izofana? Hhayi-ke iqiniso lithi cha. I-Liquidity isho ikhono lempahla yomuntu noma yenkampani ukuthi iguqulwe ibe yimali.. Ngokwesibonelo, ake ucabange unebhizinisi elinezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezine. Kumelwe akhokhe isikweletu asikweleta abakweletwayo ababili, kodwa akanamali, ngakho unquma ukudayisa omunye wemikhumbi kumuntu owayenesithakazelo. Imali etholakala kulokho kudayiswa iwuketshezi.
Lesi sibonelo esikunikeze sona akuvamile ukuba sivamile, ngoba ngokuvamile izakhiwo, izimoto, imishini... azikwazi ukudayiswa okwesikhashana, futhi azikwazanga ukungena ngaphakathi kwalokhu kuthenga. Kodwa noma iyiphi impahla engathengiswa kalula futhi ngokushesha ingabhekwa njengemali.
I-Solvency vs umehluko we-liquidity
Kuyo yonke into esikunike yona, kuyacaca ukuthi i-solvency kanye ne-liquidity yizinto ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele. Nokho, ezikhathini eziningi amagama ayadideka futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi ayafana. Lapho kungenjalo.
La Umehluko omkhulu okhona phakathi kwe-solvency vs liquidity uhlobene ne-liquidity. Lona umthamo wokukhokha wesikhathi esifushane, kuyilapho i-solvency ingeyesikhathi eside (yize futhi ihlanganisa isikhathi esifushane).
Akuwona kuphela umehluko okhona, eminye ongayibona ihlobene nempahla. Ngenkathi I-Solvency icabangela uchungechunge lwezimpahla ezingase zihlanganise izimoto, izindlu ezithengiswayo...; Kwi-liquidity akunjalo, lezo kuphela ezingase zibe uketshezi esikhathini esifushane.
Okunye umehluko phakathi kwe-solvency vs liquidity uhlobene nengcuphe. Uma umuntu noma inkampani ingenamali, kusho ukuthi ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezikweletu enazo (ezikhona noma ezizayo) futhi lokho kungabangela ukumiswa komsebenzi noma ukuqothuka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingcuphe ye-liquidity iphansi ngoba lokho okwenziwayo kuwukuxazulula izinkinga zesikhathi esifushane, okungukuthi, izimpahla ezingaba uketshezi ngesikhathi esifushane ukuze ukhokhe izikweletu noma ubhekane nazo (ngoba sikhuluma ngezikweletu ezingaba yizinyanga eziyi-12) .
Ibalwa kanjani i-solvency
Manje njengoba sekucacele ukuthi i-solvency iyini, iyini i-liquidity kanye nomehluko phakathi kwakho kokubili, uyazi ukuthi i-solvency ibalwa kanjani?
Ifomula yokuyikhipha yile elandelayo:
I-Solvency = Isamba senani lezimpahla zebhizinisi / Inani lezikweletu
Ukuze kube lula kuwe ukukuqonda. Isamba senani lempahla yebhizinisi yiyo yonke into umuntu noma inkampani enayo engaguqulwa ibe yimali yokukhokha izikweletu.
Ngokwengxenye yayo, inani lezikweletu kungaba izikweletu, lokho inkampani noma umuntu okufanele akukhokhe.
Uma umphumela wale fomula ulingana no-1,5, kuthiwa isilinganiso se-solvency silungile, okungukuthi, azikho izinkinga ngenkampani ngoba i-solvent. Kodwa-ke, uma umphumela ungaphansi kuka-1,5 kusho ukuthi kunezinkinga ngoba ngeke ukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezikweletu zakho zesikhashana.
Uma ingaphezu kuka-1,5, izobonisa ukuthi inkampani noma umuntu unezimpahla eziningi kakhulu futhi angase alahlekelwe amathuba okutshala imali ukuze athuthukise ukukhula kwebhizinisi lakhe (noma aqale elinye).
I-liquidity ibalwa kanjani
Njenge-solvency, kukhona nefomula ebala isilinganiso se-liquidity. Lokhu:
I-Liquidity ratio = Izimpahla zamanje / Izikweletu zamanje
Vele, kufanele ukhumbule lokho Izimpahla zamanje yizo zonke lezo zimpahla, amalungelo okuqoqwa, umgcinimafa... esikhathini esifushane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izikweletu zamanje ziphinde zibhekisele ezibophweni nasezibophweni zesikhashana esifushane.
Umphumela wale fomula ungaba, njenge-solvency:
- Okukhulu kunoyedwa, okukhombisa ukuthi unempilo yezezimali. Okusho ukuthi, ngale mpahla yesikhashana izikweletu inkampani enazo ngaleso sikhathi zingakhava.
- Ngaphansi kweyodwa, okungaba yisimo esibi kakhulu enkampanini ngoba izobe ikhomba ukuthi kunezinkinga zemali futhi ingase ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izibopho (izikweletu) okufanele izikhokhe esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka.
Kunjalo, Uma ifomula inkulu kakhulu kuneyodwa, izokhombisa ukuthi inemali enhle, ukwazi ukubhekana nezikweletu ezenziwe ngaphandle kwenkinga. Kodwa qaphela, ngoba ukuba ne-liquidity eningi kungaba yingozi ngoba ingxenye yakho ingase itshalwe ekuthuthukiseni inkampani ukuze ikhule.
Ingabe umehluko phakathi kwe-solvency vs liquidity manje usucace kakhudlwana kuwe?