Uma unemali, ukutshalwa kwezimali kuyindlela yokuthi ihambe kalula futhi ikunikeze inzuzo ethile. Ngaleso sikhathi, ujwayele ukubheka izinketho lapho ungashiya khona imali yakho futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ukwazi ukuyithola kamuva ngenzuzo ethile. Futhi elinye lalawo mathuluzi amaCetes. Ziyini futhi kungani zingakunikeza inzuzo?
Ngemuva kwalokho sifuna ukukhuluma nawe ngaleli thuluzi elingakwenza uthole imali. Uyafuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngaye?
Ayini amaCetes
Into yokuqala okufanele uyazi ngamaCetes ukuthi akuyona into esebenza eSpain. Kodwa siye eMexico. Igama elithi Cetes lisho "izitifiketi zoMgcinimafa kahulumeni" futhi ziba yinto efana ne-investimenti lapho uboleka khona imali kuhulumeni ngokushintshanisa, uma usuku lufika, uyibuyisele kuwe ngesivuno (noma inzalo).
Kufanele ukwazi lokho Bonke abantu baseMexico bangatshala imali kuma-Cetes, nokuthi bezilokhu zisebenza kusukela ngo-1978.
Ngakho-ke, iyithuluzi lesikweletu futhi ikhishwe ngokusemthethweni Umnyango Wezezimali Nezikweletu Zomphakathi (owaziwa nangokuthi i-SHCP) woHulumeni Wombuso. Ngaphandle kwalokho, iBank of Mexico iyangena ngoba kusiza uHulumeni ukuthuthukisa leyo makethe.
Ayini amaCetes?
Impela manje sekucace kakhudlwana kuwe ukuthi ayini amaCetes, kodwa kuthiwani ngenhloso yawo? Njengakunoma yimuphi omunye uhulumeni, ama-Cetes asebenza njengendlela yokuthola imali. Ukwenza lokhu, ikhipha izikweletu ngendlela ye-promissory notes. Ngamanye amazwi, ufuna ukuthola imali ezobuyiselwa emuva kwesikhathi kulowo muntu noma inkampani emboleke yona inenzalo noma enye eyengeziwe ngokwenza kanjalo.
Ukuhlinza kulula ukukuqonda. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu ufuna ukunikeza "imalimboleko" kuhulumeni. Kwakho, isilinganiso senzalo esingaguquki siyasungulwa ukuze sikhokhiswe Kuzoncika ekutheni uyafuna yini ukubuyisela leyo mali esikhathini esifushane noma esimaphakathi.
Ukuze yonke into yenziwe ibe semthethweni, yiBhange LaseMexico (Banxico), elinikeza izitifiketi endalini yokuqala kulabo abacela inzalo encane. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Nokho, abantu abacela inzalo encane kuyoba yibo abakhethelwa ukwenza amaCetes abe semthethweni futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, bathole leyo mali eyengeziwe ekugcineni.
Yibuphi ubuncane bokutshala imali kuma-Cetes
Uma usuvele ucabanga ukutshala imali kuma-Cetes, kufanele wazi ukuthi ngokuvamile kukhona ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane okungu-100MXN$ (kanye nenani eliphakeme lezigidi ezingu-10). Manje, kufanele wazi ukuthi inani lokuzisholo (okungenani kulokho esikutholile) yi-10 pesos yaseMexico, okuyiyona evame ukutholwa lapho isikhathi siphela (ngenani elijwayelekile).
Njengesibonelo, ake ucabange ukuthi uthenga ama-Cetes ngama-peso angu-8 aseMexico. Lapho isikhathi siphela, uHulumeni ubophekile ukuba athenge lawo maCete kuwe, kodwa, esikhundleni sokuwakhokhela ngo-8, uzokwenza lokho ngo-10, ukuze ekugcineni uzowina.
I-Cetes ikhishwa kangaki?
Enye yezinzuzo abakwa-Cetes abanazo ukuthi ungazama ngemali engekho kakhulu. Asikho isikhathi sokulinda. Njengoba sesibonile, izikhathi zokulinda zingaba zifushane, eziphakathi futhi zibe zinde. Kodwa ngokuphelele, ungabuyisa imali yakho ngezinsuku ezingama-28 noma ezingama-91; ezinyangeni eziyisithupha; noma ngonyaka.
Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi "uhlole", ubone ukuthi kunenzuzo ngempela nokuthi ingatholwa malini ngokutshala imali kuzo. Nakuba sesivele sikuxwayisile ukuthi uma isikhathi sethemu sisifushane, inzuzo nayo iba phansi. Noma kunjalo, siyayicubungula ngezansi.
Ungazuza malini ngamaCetes
Imvamisa, lapho utshala imali, okufunayo ukukhetha ithuluzi elihle elikunikeza inzuzo futhi uthole imali eyengeziwe. Endabeni yamaCetes, kungenzeka yini?
Okokuqala, sikhuluma ngethuluzi elithwala ubungozi obuncane, njengoba uHulumeni waseMexico uqobo uzibophezele ekuthengeni ama-Cetes owatshala kuwo, futhi akunike nembuyiselo kulokho kutshalwa kwezimali.
Kodwa kufanele futhi sikuxwayise ukuthi lokhu kwenza imbuyiselo, okungukuthi, okungeziwe okutholayo, kuncane kunezinye izindlela (futhi ivikeleke kancane).
Minyaka yonke, uhulumeni ushicilela ukuthi yimaphi ama-interest rates anqunyiwe akhokhelwa ngokwesikhathi "imali ebolekiwe". Ngakho-ke, ngedatha yango-2022, siyazi ukuthi inzalo yezinsuku ezingama-28 ingu-6.52 ngenkathi, unyaka owodwa, ikhuphukela ku-8.40.
Invest in Cetes, kwenziwa kanjani?
Ingabe ususithathile isinqumo futhi ufuna ukutshala imali ku-Cetes? Yebo, kufanele wazi ukuthi kunezinketho ezahlukene:
- Ebhange, lapho, ngokusebenza njengabalamuli, kungase kuhlanganise izindleko zakho (ngakho-ke inzuzo encane ekutshalweni kwemali yakho).
- Cetesdirecto. Kuyinkundla eku-inthanethi lapho wena ngokwakho uthola khona izitifiketi ngaphandle kokulamula kwamabhange, amafemu abathengisi noma abanye. Kuyithuluzi lamahhala futhi alinayo noma yiluphi uhlobo lwekhomishini, likwazi ukusebenza kalula futhi ngokushesha. Vele, udinga ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwe-18 futhi ube ne-akhawunti yasebhange yaseMexico egameni lakho. Uma usubhalisile, ungakwazi ukwenza inkontileka ibe semthethweni futhi utshale imali emigomeni esesiyishilo ngaphambili.
- I-SmartCash. Enye yezinketho onazo yilena enye, iphothifoliyo ye-GBM+ ongatshala kuyo imali kuma-Cetes noma amathuluzi ezezimali afanayo.
Ingabe zikhona izingozi?
Njenganoma yiliphi ithuluzi lokutshala izimali, kunezingozi, yebo. Kodwa ngokujwayelekile sikhuluma ngenye yezindlela eziphephe kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukubuyisela imali akumele kudale inkinga enkulu (ungaba nezinkinga kuphela uma uhulumeni waseMexico ubhuntshile noma uzithole usungakwazi ukukhokha izikweletu ozenze nezakhamuzi zakhona) .
Manje, kuyiqiniso ukuthi, uma utshala isamba semali, futhi uyidinga, awukwazanga ukuyithola kuze kuphele isikhathi. Isizathu sokuthi kungani ochwepheshe ngokwabo batusa ukutshala imali kuphela owaziyo ukuthi ngeke kudingeke ngaleso sikhathi. Isibonelo, uma unezigidi ezingu-10 ku-akhawunti yakho, futhi uyitshala yonke, kungenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi esithile udinga ingxenye yaleyo mali, futhi awukwazi ukuyifinyelela.
Sekucacele manje ukuthi abakwaCetes bayini?