Ama-chip eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka angenye yamaqembu afanele kakhulu emakethe yamasheya futhi amele izinkampani ezinesisindo esiphakeme kunawo wonke ezimakethe zamasheya. Ngoba lapho sikhuluma ngaleli qembu elikhethiwe sikhuluma ngokuncane kunamanani ezinkanyezi ezimakethe zezezimali. Amanani abonakala ngaphezu kwakho konke ngokuzinza okukhulu kwezinkampani futhi futhi ngoba akhombisa ifayili le- izinga eliphezulu lokuthengiswa kwemali. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi yibo abahambisa izihloko eziningi kakhulu kuzo zonke izikhathi zokuhweba. Ngevolumu yokuthola izinkontileka ngenhla kokunye. Ukusebenza njengendawo yokubhekela ingxenye enhle yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Kuzo zonke lezi zizathu, ama-chips aluhlaza akulona iqembu elikhulu kakhulu lamanani. Uma kungenjalo, ngokuphambene nalokho, kwehlela ezinkampanini zokulingana ezinhle kakhulu. Ngalo mqondo, futhi maqondana nenkomba ekhethiwe yemakethe yamasheya yaseSpain, i-Ibex 35, ama-chips aluhlaza amelwe yizinkampani zemisipha yezezimali I-BBVA, iBanco Santander, i-Inditex, iTelefonica ne-Iberdrola. Lokho wukuthi, ukuvikeleka okunenani lemakethe eliphakeme futhi elijabulela ukuzethemba kwengxenye enkulu yabatshalizimali.
Enye yezinhlangano zabo ezijwayelekile ukuthi bane- inani eliphezulu lokuqashwa, ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso. Nsuku zonke inani eliphakeme kakhulu lamasheya liyathengwa futhi liyathengiswa futhi akukho nkinga yokwenza imisebenzi. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, ngoba kuhlala kukhona abathengi nabathengisi abazoqinisekisa ukunyakaza kwabatshalizimali. Azikho izinkinga zokuxhunywa ezikhundleni zabo, njengoba kunjalo nangezinye izibambiso ezinemali encane. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kulula kakhulu ukubona leli qembu elite lamasheya aseSpain.
Ama-blue chips: ubuholi ngaphakathi kweqembu
Kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule, lo mkhakha wemakethe yamasheya wawuholwa yiTelefonica. Kepha ezinyangeni ezedlule kube nokuhlukahluka kuze kube sezingeni lokuba Inditex enkampanini enenani eliphakeme kakhulu lemakethe yamasheya eSpain. Akumangalisi ukuthi inkampani esungulwe ngu-Amancio Ortega inenani lama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-91.380. Ukuba ngenye yezinsika zokutshala imali, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemingcele yethu. Ngalo mqondo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le nkampani yendwangu ithathe isikhundla senkampani kawoyela iRepsol njengenye yamashipsi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngoba iblues nayo iyavuselelwa futhi ivuselelwe njengoba kwenzekile namalungu e-Ibex 35.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izici zalokho okuthiwa yi-Spanish blue chips ukutholakala kwazo okuqinile kwizilinganiso zaseYurophu. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuhlanganiswa enkombeni yesitoko sayo esimele kakhulu njenge I-Eurostoxx 50 ngokuhlanganyela nezinkampani ezibalulwe kakhulu ezwekazini elidala. Ziyizindinganiso ezivusa ukunakekelwa, hhayi kuphela kwabatshalizimali basekhaya, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo zezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi bayingxenye yezikhundla zokutshalwa kwezimali ezenziwe yizinkampani zokuphatha ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ukuqina kwentengo
Kepha uma lawa mavelu akhethekile ehlukaniswa okuthile, kungenxa yokuthi akhombisa ukuzinza okukhulu ekwakhekeni kwamanani abo. Okungukuthi, ukungazinzi kwayo akufinyeleli emazingeni adlulele, kepha kunalokho akukho mehluko oweqisayo phakathi kwamanani abo aphezulu nalawo aphansi. Okungenani ngesikhathi esihle sezikhathi zokuhweba. Ngale ndlela, umtshalizimali omncane naphakathi angaqiniseka ukuthi amanani abo ngeke ehle ezimweni ezingekho esimeni esihle ezimakethe zezimali.
Enye into yokuhlaziywa kuma-chips aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuthi ayikhombisi ukwehluka okuphawulekayo maqondana nezinkomba zezitoko zazo. Lokho wukuthi, baziphindaphinda lokhu ngokulingisa okuhle. Ngakho-ke uma i-Ibex 35 inyuka ngo-1%, kusho ukuthi lawa manani azohamba ngaphansi kwemikhawulo efanayo kuzintengo ezibekwe izimakethe zezezimali. Akukho mehluko obonakalayo kepha isimilo sabo ngaso sonke isikhathi sihamba ngendlela efanayo. Kungaba ngamathrendi aphezulu njengokuya kwabaphansi, ngaphandle kwezinga elithile lokukhishwa. Kuyinto echaza lezi ziphakamiso nokuthi ungazithola ngokushesha emakethe yamasheya.
Kulandelwe abalamuli
Ziyabonakala futhi ngoba ziyizibambiso ezilandelwa ngabenzeli bezezimali ukuzihlanganisa nephothifoliyo yabo yezokuphepha. Kepha futhi bane- ukulandelela ukusebenza kwabo emakethe yamasheya futhi inani lentengo elibekiwe linikezwa ukuqondisa abatshalizimali ukwenza imisebenzi yabo. Ngokubuyekezwa kokulindelwe kwabo ngokuya ngemiphumela yebhizinisi eyethulwe njalo ngekota yonyaka. Omunye wemiphumela yalezi zenzo ukuthi uzohlala unolwazi oluthe xaxa ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izibambiso ezingakhi le kilabhu ekhetha kakhulu emakethe yamasheya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, enye yezinzuzo ezifanele kakhulu zama-chip aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuthi ayizo ekhona kwizimali zokutshala imali ngokuya ngamasheya aseSpain. Akudingekile ukuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya emakethe yamasheya, kepha kunalokho ungasanelisa lesi sifiso ngalo mkhiqizo wezezimali. Ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu ngokwakhiwa kanye nezinye izimpahla zezezimali. Hhayi kuphela kumasheya, kepha futhi kusukela kumali engenayo engaguquki noma ngisho nakwezinye izinketho. Okuthile okungenzeki ngokuvikeleka okuncane oketshezi.
Khokha idividendi ephezulu
Enye yeminikelo yezokuphepha eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-blue chips ukuthi ihambisa isabelo esibaluleke kakhulu kubaninimasheya. Nge- isivuno esinqunyiwe nesonyaka lokho kuphakathi kuka-4% no-6% cishe. Ngokukhokha okungaba nezikhathi ezahlukahlukene: minyaka yonke noma semi-ngonyaka futhi okuzoya ku-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola ngezinsuku ezenziwe ngazo ukusebenza. Kuyisu elikhetheke kakhulu lokwenza imali engenayo engaguquki ngaphakathi kokuguquguqukayo. Ngaphandle kokuvela kwayo ezimakethe zezezimali. Ngenxa yalokho, zonke lezi zinkampani zikhiqiza inzuzo futhi ziyisabalalisa kubaninimasheya.
Amashiphu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emholweni oguqukayo yilawo ahambisa lo mholo ngenzuzo enkulu. Ngaphezulu kwezinye izinkampani ezifakwe ohlwini ezibaluleke ngokukhethekile enkombeni ekhethiwe yemakethe yamasheya yaseSpain. Ngokwezinga lapho kukhona abatshalizimali abaningi abaya kulawa manani kuphela ekusatshalisweni kwaleli bhonasi. Ngoba ngayo isikhwama sokonga enzelwe isikhathi esimaphakathi neside. Ngaphandle kwezinye izindlela zokutshala imali ezinolaka. Ngalo mqondo, leli qhinga lingasetshenziswa ukungenisa amamodeli wokutshalwa kwemali azivikele kakhulu.
Izikhathi zokugcina zokutshalwa kwezimali
Ungahle ungazi, kepha lezi zinhlobo zamanani zisebenza kangcono kufayela le- imigomo emide yokuhlala. Ngoba ngale ndlela, usesimweni sokuqoqa ukubuyekezwa okungenzeka ngamanani abo. Kunoma ikuphi, aziboniswa ngokusebenza kohlobo lokuqagela ngoba ukwehla kwamanani azo akuphezulu ngokweqile. Njengasemisebenzini yangaphakathi noma okufana, okwenziwa kuseshini efanayo yokuhweba. Hhayi ngeze, isikhathi sokuhlala unomphela futhi sinquma ukuthi uthole amasheya kuleli qembu elibaluleke kakhulu lezimali zaseSpain.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi lawa manani ngokuvamile anenzuzo enkulu ukukhuthaza i- isikhwama sokonga esizinzile. Uma ungafuni isimanga esingesihle eminyakeni ezayo, enye yezinketho ezinhle kakhulu onazo kusukela manje ngamanani ahlanganiswe namachips aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphezu kokuzinza okukhulu, bakunikeza ukubuyiselwa okungaguquki minyaka yonke. Kunoma ikuphi, kuwumqondo omuhle kakhulu ukubagcina kuphothifoliyo ngaphandle kwezinkinga eziningi kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzohlala uthola inzalo kulondolozo lwakho.
Izinzuzo zalolu khetho
Uma ukhetha noma yimaphi kulawa magugu, kufanele wazi eminye yeminikelo abazokunikeza yona isu lakho lokutshala imali. Ngaphandle kokusebenza ekugcineni okutholayo kusuka ezikhundleni zabo. Phakathi kwalokhu okulandelayo kugqama:
- Inikeza okukhulu ukuzinza ezikhundleni zakho njengomtshali zimali ojwayelekile futhi ukude nokunyakaza okuqagelayo okunobungozi obukhulu.
- Imayelana namanani nge ukwedlula imali enkulu yamasheya aseSpain ngakho-ke ngeke ube nezinkinga ukuvula izikhundla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
- Ngeke ube nezingozi ngenxa yokweqisa ukuguquguquka ekwakheni amanani abo kusukela ukuguquguquka okukhulu kuzo akuyona enye yezinhlobo zazo ezivamile.
- Bangamagugu akhona kuzikhundla zokutshalwa kwezimali ezibaluleke kakhulu izimali zomhlaba wonke, noma usuka esikhundleni esivelele kakhulu.
- Melela imikhakha yamasu emnothweni wezwe ngokusebenzisa imigqa yebhizinisi elihlanganiswe ngokuphelele kanye nezinzuzo emiphumeleni yabo.
- Su umthamo wenkontileka Ingenye ephezulu kakhulu enkombeni ekhethiwe yamasheya aseSpain, ngokuhweba okuphezulu kwezokuphepha kuzo zonke izikhathi zokuhweba.
- Kuzo zonke izimo zinokusebenza okuphawulekayo nge idividendi, ngenzalo emaphakathi ecishe ibe ngu-5%, ngenhla kwenzuzo yemali engaguquki.
- Avamile ukwethula inzuzo inamandla kakhulu, kepha ukwehla kwabo akukhulunywa kakhulu eminyakeni edlule.
- Ziphinda ukunyakaza kwama-indices wazo wesitoko, kulokhu ku Ibex 35 okuyilapho wonke la magugu ahlanganiswa khona.