Wonke umuntu, ngokususelwa kwi-Civil Code, unesibopho somphakathi uqobo, ngoba lapho ulimaza omunye umuntu kufanele uthathe umthwalo wezenzo zakho futhi unxephezele noma ngubani owenze okuthile okungalungile (kungaba okubalulekile noma okomuntu uqobo). Futhi-ke, unomshuwalense wesikweletu.
Futhi sikhuluma ngomshuwalense oyisisekelo kunazo zonke okhona, owaziwa kangcono njengomshwalense womonakalo wesithathu. Kuyasiza ukuthola ukumbozwa okufanele, kepha yini enye okunikezayo? Yini ngempela ebizwa ngokuthi isikweletu somphakathi? Futhi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona? Namuhla sikhuluma ngomshwalense wesikweletu.
Kepha siyini isibopho somphakathi?
Ngokwe-athikili ka-1902 ye-Civil Code, isikweletu somphakathi yilokho okusebenza lapho "lowo owenza isenzo noma eshiya okuthile alimaze omunye, engenelela ngephutha noma ebudedengu, ebophezelekile ukulungisa umonakalo odalekile."
Ngamanye amagama, Ungumuntu okufanele aphendule ngenkinga ayidalayo. Ngalesi sizathu, umshuwalense wezikweletu zomphakathi usho ukuthi ngumuntu onalo mshuwalense onesibopho esisemthethweni sokuphendula kunoma iyiphi ingozi ayenzile, ukulungisa umonakalo nokuphatha okwenzekile.
Manje, ukuze kube khona isikweletu somphakathi, kuyadingeka ukuhambisana nochungechunge lwezidingo ezi:
- Isenzo sokuzithandela noma ukweqiwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi, umuntu usebenza noma akenzi kodwa akathandi.
- Isenzo esingekho emthethweni, noma okufanayo, ukuthi kunokuthile okubangela ukuthi kusebenze lesi sibopho somphakathi.
- Ukwehluleka. Ukulungisa umonakalo odaleke komunye umuntu, noma ezintweni zalowo omunye umuntu, kuyadingeka ukuthi lo muntu wokuqala abhekane nakho; ngaphandle kwalokho bekungeke kudingeke ukuthi ithathe izintambo.
- Ukulimala komuntu wesithathu. Ngaphezu kokuba necala, kufanele kugcwaliseke ukuthi ukhiqize ukulimala, okokusebenza noma okwakhe, komunye umuntu.
- Isixhumanisi se-Causality. Lokhu kufanele kuqondwe njengemiphumela yesenzo esenziwe.
Izinhlobo zomshuwalense wesikweletu
Umshwalense owaziwa kakhulu wemfanelo yomphakathi, ngaphandle kokungabaza, umshuwalense wemoto (umshuwalense womonakalo wesithathu), kepha iqiniso ukuthi kukhona okuningi okufanele ukwazi. Empeleni, kunezindlela eziningi zokuzihlukanisa, ngakho-ke, kuya ngomuntu okuqashile, singahlangana no:
Umshuwalense wesikweletu somphakathi wabantu ngabanye
Kulokhu, lezi zinhlobo zezinqubomgomo zimboza umthwalo emkhakheni wangasese womuntu. Ngamanye amagama, bagxile koku vikela impilo yangasese yomuntu nempahla yalokhu (ingcebo, ikhaya, umshuwalense womuntu noma womndeni).
Okunye okuhlanganisiwe kulokhu umshuwalense wesilwane esifuywayo.
Umshuwalense wabasebenzi
Igxile kochwepheshe, abasebenza ngokuzimela, ama-SME nezinkampani. Abakwenzayo kube ophethe ukumboza izimangalo abantu besithathu abangazenza kubo ngenxa yenkinga lokho kukhiqizwa ngumsebenzi wochwepheshe noma wenkampani (ngokwesibonelo, uma uplamba alungisa ipayipi futhi ligcina liqhume ngendaba yamahora).
Umshuwalense wesikweletu somphakathi wabaphathi nabaphathi
Okokugcina kubhekise ku- inqubomgomo yokuvikela izimpahla zabo bobabili abaphathi nezimenenja. Ngasikhathi sinye, uzophendula lapho kunesikhalazo noma isimangalo ngokusetshenziswa kwesikhundla sakhe.
Ubani osemshwalense wesikweletu
Cabanga ukuthi udale ingozi yemoto washayisa enye imoto ngemuva. Njengoba wazi, umshwalense uzosebenza lapho futhi, uma owakho uvela kubantu besithathu, okushoyo ukuthi unomshuwalense wezikweletu zomphakathi, okungukuthi, kufanele uphendule ngomonakalo owudalile. Kepha, Yiziphi izibalo ezisebenza kumshwalense?
- Umshuwalense: yinkampani osayine nayo umshwalense. Uzoba nguyena ozonxephezela ngenxa yenkinga abenayo umshwalense.
- Abaqinisekisiwe: lokhu kungaba nguwe. Noma ngamanye amazwi, ngumuntu ongene esivumelwaneni nomshuwalense sokumboza uma kwenzeka ingozi.
- Umuntu wesithathu olimele: ngumuntu okwenzakele kuye umonakalo, okungaba okokusebenza noma komuntu siqu.
Kungani umshwalense wesikweletu udingeka
Lapho kwenzeka umonakalo kumuntu wesithathu, indlela yokubanxephezela ezimweni eziningi kakhulu isinxephezelo sezezimali. Okusho ukuthi, kufanele umkhokhele imali. Inkinga ukuthi, Lapho ungenawo umshwalense wesikweletu somphakathi, leso sinxephezelo kufanele sihlinzekwe nguwe, kwesinye isikhathi okungasho ukuthi ulahlekelwe yimpahla yakho, noma kuze kudingeke ukuthi umemezele njengongenamali noma ungakhokhi imali ngenxa yokuthi awunandlela yokukhokha. Ngalesi sizathu, izinqubomgomo zezikweletu zomphakathi zisetshenziselwa lokhu.
Le mishuwalense isiza umshwalense ukuthi abhekane nokuphendula ngokwezezimali kuwe. Vele, kwabaningi kunomkhawulo wesibopho, okusho ukuthi, uma weqile, kuzofanele unakekele konke okunye.
Ungawuthenga kanjani umshuwalense wesikweletu
Namuhla kunabahlinzeki abaningi bomshuwalense abanikela ngezinqubomgomo zalolu hlobo, zombili ezasekhaya, ezemoto, ezesithuthuthu, ezifuywayo ... ngakho-ke uzoba nezinketho ezahlukene ongakhetha kuzo. Manje, izincomo zethu zimi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Buyekeza iziphakamiso zabomshuwalense abahlukahlukene
Ngale ndlela ngeke ushiywe wedwa nalowo owubonayo obukeka umuhle, kepha kufanele ubheke izinketho eziningi ukuze uzilinganise ngokuthula.
Ngokuya ngezidingo onazo, izinsizakusebenza zakho nokusetshenziswa ozokunika kona, ungakhetha okukodwa noma okunye.
Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nenkampani yomshuwalense
Isinyathelo esilandelayo okufanele usithathe ukwenza i-aphoyintimenti. Ingabe kuzokusiza ukuthi ucacise izici ezithile ezibalulekile, noma okudale ukungabaza, ukuze uchwepheshe akwazi ukukululeka ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo sokugcina.
Cela inkontileka esalungiswa
Kubaningi bomshuwalense ongakwenza nikeza inkontileka esalungiswa ukuze ufunde ngokucophelela futhi ungabuza noma imiphi imibuzo onayo. Ngakho-ke ungayihlaziya ngokuthula kwengqondo.
Sayina inkontileka eqondile
Lapho usubona ukuthi konke kulungile, sekuyisikhathi sokusayina inkontileka yokugcina. Vele, sincoma ukuthi uphinde uyifunde ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi alukho ushintsho ngomzuzu wokugcina ngaphambi kokusayina.
Ngale ndlela, uma uthola okuthile, ungacela ukuthi bakuchazele, noma baqede ngokuqondile ukuqasha.