Izilinganiso zikaBenjamin Graham

Phakathi kwabatshalizimali abaningi abake baba khona emhlabeni, omunye wabavelele kakhulu nguBenjamin Graham, owadlula emhlabeni ngo-1976. Waziwa nangokuthi ungubaba wenani lokutshala imali, Lo zimali waseNgilandi wayenguthisha wabantu abakhulu abanjengoWarren Buffett noma u-Irving Kahn. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, izingcaphuno zikaBenjamin Graham kufanelekile ukufundwa, ngoba ziqukethe ukuhlakanipha okuningi kwezezimali.

Ngaphandle kwemishwana kaBenjamin Graham, sizophinde futhi sikhulume ngokuthi wayengubani nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukutshala imali. Konke lokhu kuyingxenye yesiko elijwayelekile emhlabeni wezezimali, ngakho-ke ngikweluleka ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda.

Imishwana engu-15 ehamba phambili kaBenjamin Graham

Njengoba sishilo phambilini, uBenjamin Graham wayengumtshalizimali ovelele futhi wabiza ubaba wevelu ngokutshala imali. Ngalesi sizathu, kufanelekile ukufunda imishwana emikhulu uBenjamin Graham asishiyela yona. Ngokulandelayo sizobona uhlu lwezinto eziyishumi nanhlanu ezihamba phambili:

1. "Abantu abangakwazi ukulawula imizwa yabo abakulungele ukwenza inzuzo ngokutshala imali."
2. "Noma ngubani ofaka imali ezitokisini akumele akhathazeke ngokweqile ngokushintshashintsha kwamanani entengo yezokuphepha, ngoba esikhathini esifushane imakethe yamasheya iziphatha njengomshini wokuvota, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iba njengesikali."
3. “Ngeke ube nephutha noma wenze iphutha ngoba isixuku asivumelani nawe. Uzobe uqinisile ngoba idatha yakho nokucabanga kwakho kuqondile. "
4. "UMister Market uyischizophrenic esikhathini esifushane kepha ubuye abuyele engqondweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi."
5. “Imakethe ifana ne-pendulum ehlala ishintsha phakathi kwethemba elingenakusimama (elenza izimpahla zibize kakhulu) nokungathembeki okungadingekile (okwenza izimpahla zishibhe kakhulu). Umtshalizimali okhaliphile ungumuntu ongokoqobo, othengisa ithemba futhi othenga amathemba angenathemba. "
6. "Uma ufuna ukuceba, funda hhayi kuphela ukuthi ungathola kanjani imali, kodwa nokuthi ungatshala kanjani."
7. "Ukulahleka okukhulu kwabatshalizimali kuvame ukuvela ngokuthenga izimpahla ezisezingeni eliphansi ngezikhathi ezinhle zomnotho."
8. "Kuyamangaza ukubona ukuthi bangaki osomabhizinisi abanekhono elimangalisayo abazama ukusebenza eWall Street, bengayinaki yonke imigomo yokusebenzisa ingqondo abaphumelele ngayo ezinkampanini zabo."
9. "Isikhathi esiningi amasheya angaphansi kwezinguquko ezingenangqondo nokushintshashintsha ngokweqile kwamanani ngenxa yokuthambekela okugxilile kwabantu abaningi kokuqagela noma ukugembula ... ukuze wenze lokhu udinga ithemba, ukwesaba nokuhaha."
10. Ukuthola imiphumela eyanelisayo yokutshala imali kulula kunalokho abantu abaningi bacabanga; ukuthola imiphumela ephakeme kunzima kakhulu kunalokho okuzwakalayo. "
11. "Ngisho nomtshali-zimali ohlakaniphile kungenzeka adinge amandla amakhulu ukuze angalandeli isixuku."
12. "Qaphela ngokuqagela, kuyabheda ukucabanga ukuthi umphakathi jikelele ungenza imali ngokuqagela ezimakethe."
13. "Inkinga enkulu yabatshalizimali, ngisho nesitha sakhe esibi kakhulu, kungenzeka kube nguye uqobo."
14. "Ukulahlekelwa okwesabekayo kuhlale kwenzeka ngemuva kokuthi umthengi akhohlwe ukubuza ukuthi kubiza malini."
15. "Kunemithetho emibili yokutshala imali: Owokuqala ungalahli, futhi owesibili, ungalokothi ukhohlwe umthetho wokuqala."

Ngubani uBenjamin Graham?

NgoMeyi 9, 1894, uBenjamin Graham wazalelwa eLondon, namuhla owaziwa njengobaba wenani lokutshala imali futhi oshone ngoSepthemba 21, 1976. Ngaphandle kokuba ngumtshali-zimali, uGraham waphinde wasebenza njengoprofesa e "Columbia Business School "futhi wabhala izincwadi ezimbili zezezimali:" Ukuhlaziywa Kwezokuphepha "kanye" noMtshalizimali Ohlakaniphile. " Zombili zibhekwa ngabaningi njengezincwadi zezezimali ezihamba phambili.

E-Columbia Business School, uBenjamin Graham waqala ukufundisa isu elisha lokutshala imali elibizwa ngokuthi "ukubaluleka kokutshala imali." Kuze kube namuhla kusengenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu nezinconywayo ngosomnotho abakhulu. Phakathi kwabafundi bakababa we-value investing kukhona abantu abadume njengoWarren Buffett, Irving Kahn, Walter J. Schloss noma uJean Marie Eveillard.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Izilinganiso zikaRay Dalio

Ngenkathi izimfundiso zakhe ngokutshalwa kwemali ngenani ziqala ngo-1928, kuze kwaba yilapho kushicilelwa incwadi yakhe ethi "Security Analysis" lapho echaza igama elithi "value investing." Le ncwadi yabhalwa noDavid Dodd, umtshalizimali waseMelika. Encwadini ethi "The Intelligent Investor", uGraham usevele uphawula ngokubaluleka komkhawulo wezokuphepha onikezwa yimali yenani.

Ngaphandle kokwaziwa njengoyise wenzalo yokutshala imali, uBenjamin Graham naye waziwa njengo ubaba wobushoshovu besitoko. Umthelela abenawo kubafundi bakhe ukuthi bobabili baqamba izingane zabo ngegama lakhe. UWarren Buffett waqamba indodana yakhe uHoward Graham Buffett kwathi u-Irving Kahn waqamba indodana yakhe uThomas Graham Kahn. Eqinisweni, uBuffett uye wavuma kaningana ukuthi uBenjamin Graham wayengumuntu owayezomthonya kakhulu, ngemuva kukayise.

Inani lokutshala imali

Eyaziwa nangokuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwevelu, ukutshala imali ngevelu kuyifilosofi yokutshala imali esebenza ngayo kusekelwe ekutholeni izibambiso ngentengo ephansi. Uma sikhipha inani lentengo emananini wangaphakathi wesitoko esithengiwe, kuphumela ebunzimeni bokuphepha okufanele bunikezwe ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho sitshala imali kunani.

Ngokuvamile, abatshali zimali, njengoBenjamin Graham, bacabanga ukuthi intengo yemakethe iyakhula ngokuzayo uma ingaphansi kwenani eliyisisekelo lesitoko. Kuyinto evame ukwenzeka lapho imakethe ilungisa. Noma kunjalo, ukubaluleka kokutshala imali Inezinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu. Kumele silinganise kahle ukuthi inani elingaphakathi lizoba yini futhi sibikezele ngangokunokwenzeka lapho leli nani lizobonakala emakethe.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Izilinganiso zeCharlie Munger

Kunabatshalizimali abaningi asebedumile futhi bacebile ngamasu ahlukene. Ngamunye unokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe, izindlela zakhe kanye nezeluleko zakhe. Ngamabinzana kaBenjamin Graham ngithemba ukuthi ngikusizile futhi ngakugqugquzela ukuthi utshale imali emakethe yamasheya.