Kuningi okushiwoyo kulezi zinsuku ngokuwa okukhulu kwezimali eSpain ngenxa yesinqumo seGreat Britain sokushiya i-European Union (EU). Kepha hhayi kangako mayelana imiphumela eqondile nengaqondile le ndlela ezoba nayo eSpain nempilo yaseSpain. Okuthile okujwayelekile ngokuphelele emhlabeni obumbene njengamanje, lapho ubudlelwane bezomnotho bavame ukuxhumanisa kaningi.
Okwamanje, kunezinkulungwane nezinkulungwane zabasindisi abashiye ingxenye enhle yemali etshalwe kwimikhiqizo yezezimali ngasendleleni. Hhayi kuphela emakethe yamasheya, kodwa nakwezinye ezingakhohlwa kakhulu, nokuthi ngisho izihloko zezindaba zayo zingase zingayazi imiphumela yayo yangempela. Asikhulumi ikakhulukazi ngezimali zokutshala imali, ezisetshenziswa abaseSpain ukugxila kulondolozo lwabo, ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwezinye izindlela ezinikezwa yimikhiqizo eyonga kakhulu (imali yesikhathi, amanothi ezethembiso zebhange, njll.). Futhi lokho kukonke abavamile ukweqa isithiyo esingu-0,50% abasinikeza abafakizicelo babo.
Izinhlelo zempesheni ezinye zezisulu ezinkulu kwalokhu kudonswa phansi emakethe yamasheya yaseSpain, futhi ngokunwetshwa ezimakethe zaseYurophu nezomhlaba. Iningi lale mikhiqizo yezezimali isekela iphothifoliyo yalo yokutshala imali kumasheya, ikakhulukazi amafomethi anolaka kakhulu. Futhi lapho ubhekene nalesi simo esinzima, uzobe usubonile ukuthi imali oyongele impilo yakho yehliswe kanjani njengezikhathi ezimbalwa. Kwezinye izimo ngendlela enobudlova, futhi engajwayelekile kunoma yikuphi. Njengomphumela, abasindisa imali bazoba nemali encane kule mikhiqizo.
Imiphumela emnothweni jikelele
Ezingeni eliphakeme nelinqumayo, enye yezinto ezikhathaza kakhulu izakhamizi ukuthi ukuphuma kweBrithani ezikhungweni zoMphakathi kuzozithinta kanjani empilweni yazo yansuku zonke. Ngokuqinisekile kuzoba ngomunye wemicabango onayo ngalezi zinsuku. Akunjalo njengoba eminye imibiko ethusayo ibikezela, kepha-ke ngeke ivele ingalimele kulokhu kushayisana kwezitimela ezwenikazi elidala. Manje izokhipha okukhulu emsebenzini maqondana nemiphumela okuzovezwa yilesi sinqumo esiyimpikiswano kwinhlolovo.
Okokuqala, ama-ejensi wokulinganiswa ahlonishwa kakhulu asevele esexwayisile ukuthi iBrexit kuzosho ukuncishiswa cishe kwengxenye yephesenti ekukhuleni komnotho ngonyaka ozayo. Njengamanje izibikezelo zikahulumeni zingaphezu kuka-2,7% ezizokhombisa iGreat Gross Domestic Product (GDP) yonyaka wezimali olandelayo. Kunoma ikuphi, ngeke ibe nomthelela, noma kuzoba kuncane kakhulu, kulo nyaka wezimali okhona njengamanje, njengoba kushiwo nguNgqongqoshe Wezomnotho, uLuis de Guindos.
Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Yebo, imiphumela emnothweni waseSpain izobonakala kakhudlwana kusuka ngonyaka ozayo, futhi ngaphandle kwezokuvakasha, njengoba ubona kamuva kule ndatshana. Isivumelwano, yize sincane, kwi-GDP kuzoba nemiphumela ekuqashweni, ezezimali zomphakathi, ngisho nakwinqubomgomo yokulungisa amaholo abasebenzi. Yize bonke osomnotho beveza ukuthi ukuphambuka kwesigamu sephuzu ekukhuleni akukubi kangako njengokuthinta abantu ngendlela ekhetheke kakhulu.
Umphumela wokuqala uzoba kwezokuvakasha
Akungabazeki ukuthi umthelela wokuqala ozoba khona wokuhamba kweBrithani uzoba kwezokuvakasha, futhi kusukela kuleli hlobo. Isizathu singenxa yokuthi iphawundi laseBrithani lizokwehlisa imali ngokweqile ngemali yethu, i-euro. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu, ukugeleza kwezivakashi ezingamaNgisi eziya ezindaweni zethu kuzokwehla kakhulu, futhi kusukela kule nyanga. Imininingwane yakamuva evela emkhakheni iphakamisa lokho izivakashi eziyizigidi eziyisithupha zavakashela izwe lethu ngonyaka odlule. Ngakho-ke, izigidi zama-euro eziqoqelwe lo mqondo zizoba ncane kakhulu. Ukuthinta zonke izinkampani emkhakheni wezokuvakasha (amahhotela, izindawo zokudla, amabha, ama-disco, ukuqashwa kwezimoto, ezokungcebeleka, njll.).
Uma engekho lawa maklayenti, eziningi zalezi zinkampani ngeke zibe nenye indlela ngaphandle kwalokho yehlisa umkhiqizo wayo, ukunciphisa izinsizakalo, futhi kwezinye izimo, kuze kube ukuvalwa kwebhizinisi (ezindaweni ezingasogwini noma eziqhingini). Futhi konke lokhu kuzosho ukuthi kudingeka abasebenzi abancane, ukuze ukuqashwa kule ngxenye yebhizinisi kube phansi kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Akumangalisi ukuthi kuzoba nomthelela oqondile enkombeni yokuqashwa, okuzokwehlisa izishumi eziningana njengomphumela osheshayo womthelela weBrexit kwezokuvakasha.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezokuvakasha zaseBrithani ungumnikeli wokuqala wezivakashi eSpain, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva enikezwe nguMnyango Wezomnotho. Ngaphezulu kweFrance, amaJalimane namaNtaliyane. Ngokwalo mbono, kuzothinta kakhulu umsebenzi wezomnotho eSpain. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMbuso uzoqoqa imali encane yokwenza lo msebenzi, uthinte ezinye izinto ezifakwe kuzabelomali zikahulumeni ezijwayelekile.
ISpain: ukuthekelisa okuphansi
Omunye wabaphumeleli abakhulu kule mpi enzima yezomnotho kuzoba ngu izinkampani ezinezintshisekelo e-UK. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuthunyelwa kwayo ngaphandle, okuzokhombisa iqiniso elisha kumamephu ezindawo. Ukuqedwa kwabasebenzi, ukuncishiswa kwezinzuzo zabo kanye nokulungiswa okukhulu kuzabelomali zabo kuzoba ngomunye wemiphumela eqonde kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwalesi silinganiso.
Izinkampani ezibalwe enkombeni ekhethiwe yaseSpain ngeke zibe mahhala, ngokuphambene nalokho. Labo abachayeka kakhulu emnothweni wamaNgisi yibo abazojeziswa kakhulu izimakethe zezezimali, njengoba kuthuthukiswe ngesikhathi sokuhweba emakethe yamasheya ngoLwesihlanu olumnyama olwedlule. IBanco Santander, Sabadell, Ferrovial, Iberdrola noma iTelefonica bazoba ngabathinteke kakhulu kulo mcimbi. Ngokuziphatha ngentengo yayo kubi kakhulu kunontanga bayo emalini. Futhi noma kunjalo, bazoba yingozi kakhulu ukuvula izikhundla ezimakethe kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
I-Atony emakethe yezezakhiwo
Lo mkhakha oxhunyaniswe kakhulu nezitini uzobhekana nemiphumela yalesi sinqumo. Njengoba iphawundi lilahlekelwa isisindo salo esithile uma liqhathaniswa ne-euro, abasebenzisi abaningi baseBrithani bazokwehlisa isikhundla sabo emakethe yezezakhiwo, ikakhulukazi leyo inkomba yabo eyisigaba samaholide. Ungakukhohlwa lokho imakethe yamaNgisi iyona esebenza kakhulu ukubheka indawo yokuhlala yakho yesibili eSpain.
Njengomphumela walo mkhuba, kuzoba nomsebenzi omncane emkhakheni. Imiphumela icace bha, umsebenzi omncane nokuncipha kwenzuzo yezinkampani ezinikele kulo msebenzi obalulekile wezomnotho. Futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ixhunyaniswe nokukhula koMkhiqizo Wasekhaya Owonke (i-GDP), okungahle kwehle ngokukhishwa okweshumi okumbalwa kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka we-2016. Lesi ngesinye isici esingawohloka umnotho waseSpain kulezi zindlela.
Khuphula imali ekhokhelwa ubungozi
Le nkinga ibonakale ikhohliwe, kepha kulo Lwesihlanu olwedlule, ekuweni ngesihluku ezimakethe zezimali, kwengezwe imali ebuyisiwe ephrimiyamu yengozi. Ukufinyelela amazinga amaphuzu 170, futhi noma kunjalo, akubonwa phakathi neminyaka emibili edlule. Lo mkhuba ungaba yingozi kakhulu emnothweni wezwe. Kwanele ukuhlola okwenzekile eminyakeni emine eyedlule ukubona ukuthi le datha ebalulekile ye-macroeconomic ingavuka kanjani futhi.
Ukwanda kwaso kuzoveza, phakathi kokunye, ukuthi ubunzima bezezimali bukhulu. Noma ngamanye amagama, bazoba nezindleko ezifuna kakhulu ngokusebenzisa isilinganiso senzalo esiphezulu. Lo mphumela uzoba nomthelela oqondile ezindlekweni zoMbuso, okungaba banzi kakhulu. Ngethuba lokuthi anqunywe kwezinye izinto axhumene kakhulu nezakhamizi: ezempilo, izinzuzo zomphakathi noma izindleko zemfundo.
Uma ukusabalala ngesibopho saseJalimane kukhula, okuyikho kanye okuyimali ekhokhelwa ubungozi, kungaba nengozi yokwenyuka kwentela. Ngokuqondile, ngokusebenzisa i-VAT noma intela yesimemezelo sabantu bemvelo (i-IRPF), noma ngokungaqondile, futhi kuya ngohulumeni owabunjwa ngemuva kokhetho lukazwelonke olwalubanjwe kuleli Sonto.
Umphumela we-Domino kwamanye amazwe
Kodwa-ke, ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ezithakazelweni zaseSpain ukuthi le nqubo yokwehlukanisa izofinyelela kwezinye izizwe zomphakathi: iFrance, iDenmark, iHolland, iSweden noma i-Italy. Uma kunjalo, inqubo yokwandiswa kwe-Europe nakanjani izowa. Futhi ngemiphumela emibi kuzo zonke izakhamizi zaseSpain. Ngokufanayo, iSpain izolahlekelwa ngumlingani obalulekile maqondana nokusungulwa kweSivumelwano SaseTransatlantic sokuhweba nokutshalwa kwezimali, esaziwa ngegama laso elithi: TTIP.
Ekugcineni, isici sokubalwa kwezimali kuphela, kepha esihlobene kakhulu nentuthuko yezwe. Akuyona enye ngaphandle kwemali encane ezoba nayo i-European Union, lapho iBrithani ingekho, ezodluliselwa kuzintshisekelo zikazwelonke, ngoba ibingaba nosizo oluncane emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yokukhiqiza, futhi ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni komnotho.
Zonke lezi zinto zingaholela ekutheni imakethe yamasheya yaseSpain ibuyele ekwehleni okukhulu ezinsukwini ezizayo. Futhi lokho kungakhula ngokubonakala kokuphindaphinda okunye kunokunye ngamanani angaheha ukunakwa kwabasebenzisi bemakethe yamasheya. Kufike ezingeni lokubakhuthaza ukuthi bangene ezimakethe, basebenzise inani eliphansi lamasheya.
Yize esimweni sokugcina kuzodingeka silinde izinyanga ezimbalwa ukudlula ukulinganisa imiphumela le ndlela evunyelwe ngabantu baseNgilandi ezoba nayo ngoLwesihlanu olwedlule. Akunqabi ukuthi kungenzeka yini ngemiphumela yayo.