Umbiko wakamuva ovela ku-International Monetary Fund (IMF) ubeke ukungabaza ngokuguquka komnotho wamazwe omhlaba, ngokwehlisa ijubane lokukhula ezindaweni eziyinhloko zomhlaba, nokuthinta ukuvuseleleka komnotho. Hhayi ngeze, kwehlise okulindelwe kuMkhiqizo Ophelele Wangaphakathi (GDP) yamazwe amakhulu. Kulesi simo somnotho, ingabe umnotho wethu ungamisa ukungazinzi komhlaba wonke? Kunamalambu amaningi nezithunzi eziphonswe yimininingwane emisha yezomnotho.
Kunemicimbi eminingi engathinta ukuvela komnotho waseSpain. Kusuka kumanani entengo kawoyela aphansi impela - futhi ngaphandle kokubuyisa amanani abo abe nawo ezinyangeni ezedlule - kuye ku- ukungazinzi ezimakethe zokulingana. Ngezikhathi zokuhweba ezithi nje lapho zikhuphuka zizungeze u-2%, njengakusasa ziwe ngamandla afanayo, nangaphezulu. Ngabe le mingcele ixwayisa ngempela ukuthi kuza omunye umnotho?
Futhi ngokuhlangana nesaphulelo semali eyingcuphe esbhekene nayo eSpain, kanye nokungaqiniseki kwezepolitiki ngenxa yokwehluleka ukwakha uhulumeni ozophrinta imihlahlandlela yezomnotho kule minyaka ezayo, akusizi ukuhlanganisa ukuvuselelwa komnotho wethu izwe. Lapho izinhlangano ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke zehlise nezinga lokukhula kwazo eminyakeni emibili ezayo emazweni angomakhelwane.
Yiziphi izibani nezithunzi ezingabangelwa yilesi simo somnotho ekukhuleni kweSpain? Kunoma ikuphi, akukhuthazwa ukungabi nethemba lilonke, ngoba umbiko wakamuva weSikhwama Sezimali Samazwe Ngamazwe ukhombisa ukuthi ISpain ukuphela kwezwe emhlabeni ukubikezela kwalo lokukhula kubuyekezwa kuya phezulu, ikakhulukazi u-2,70%, noma yini efanayo, okubili kweshumi ngaphezu kwalokho okulindelwe lo nyaka.
Izibani zokuvuselela umnotho
Ziningi izinto ezisizayo hlanganisa la mazinga okukhula. Futhi nokuthi kufanele ucabangele, hhayi kuphela ubudlelwano bakho njengezimakethe zokutshala imali, kodwa futhi nesimo sakho njengomsebenzisi. Ngokuqinisekile bazokusiza ukuthi wakhe isu elinembile lokutshala imali ezinyangeni ezizayo, inqobo nje uma uzobheka ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezisithandayo kulezi zikhathi ezithile.
Okokuqala, ukuwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, okuthe ngokwe-index ejwayelekile kwehle cishe ngama-30% ngalesi sikhathi, futhi okubucayi kakhulu endabeni kawoyela ongahluziwe, onamanani akhona njengamanje asenkingeni yama-40s. Amadola umgqomo. Imiphumela yayo ifinyelela kuningi labashayeli abakwaziyo thenga uphethiloli eziteshini zosizo ngentengo ephansi kuneminyaka embalwa edlule. Ngomthelela futhi ezinkampanini ezincike kulokhu okuluhlaza.
Akubalulekile kangako ukuthi inani lemali eshibhile kunanini ngaphambili. Njengomphumela wesinqumo se-European Central Bank (ECB) to yehlisa inzalo, bese ubashiya ku-0%. Leli qhinga lenqubomgomo yemali yomphakathi liholela ekufinyeleleni okukhulu kwezimali zebhizinisi, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngezindleko eziphansi. Futhi izimali mboleko zomuntu siqu ezinikezwa ngamabhange zibonisa amazinga enzalo anokuncintisana, ungazenza zibe semthethweni ngeziphakamiso ku-6% noma ku-7%.
Lo mkhuba ubuye wedluliselwa kwizimalimboleko zempahla ebanjiswayo. Kulokhu, njengomphumela wokuvela kwenkomba eyinkomba eyinhloko yokwenziwa kwemali ebolekisiwe, i-Euribor, okokuqala emlandweni kungamazinga amabi. Ngokwenza lokho kuzosho ukuthi izitolimende zanyanga zonke zizokwazi ukubiza wena, ukhokhe imali encane kunakuqala.
Akumangalisi ukuthi amabhange asevele athengisa imali ebanjiswayo ngokusabalala okungaphansi kwe-1%. Ngisho neziphakamiso ezinolaka kakhulu zenziwa ngaphandle kwenzalo, futhi ngaphandle kwezinye izindleko ekuphathweni nasekugcinweni kwazo. Njengoba ochwepheshe emakethe yezezakhiwo bexwayisa, yisikhathi esihle sokuthenga indlu. Yize kuzodingeka ukuhlaziya ukuthi lo mkhuba ungagcinwa isikhathi esingakanani e-Euribor.
Esinye isici esisiza ukuvuseleleka komnotho, ngokungangabazeki, ukuqinisa ukuvuselelwa komnotho ezweni lethu sisuselwe ku amandla ezokuvakasha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya, ngokwengxenye kubangelwe nokuwa kwentengo kawoyela. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ezinyangeni ezedlule inani lezivakashi lenyuke kakhulu. Kusizakala cishe yonke imikhakha yomsebenzi okhiqizayo: izindawo zokudla, amahhotela, izinsizakalo, ezentengiselwano, njll. Ukuba, noma kunjalo, kuyizindaba ezinhle zokuqiniswa kokuvuselelwa komnotho.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, lo mkhuba awuboniswa ngokuphelele ezimakethe zokulingana zasekhaya. Yize i-index benchmark par excellence, i-Ibex 35, ibilokhu inyuka ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula, ukuqapha kuyindlela ejwayelekile ohlangothini lotshalo-mali oluncane noluphakathi nendawo. Kukhona intukuthelo ethile yokutshala imali, ngoba Ukungazinzi emakethe yamasheya yisimo esisha izimakethe zezimali esizicabangayo. Kuyiqiniso okufanele ulicabange kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Izithunzi ezingathinta ukutakula
Vele, akuzona zonke izindaba ezinhle zomnotho waseSpain, ngoba kukhona ezinye ezikhulelwa ngokungabaza okukhulu, futhi ezingashukumisa ukuthuthuka kwemingcele yezomnotho eyinhloko yezwe lethu. Kakhulu ngesimo somnotho, kepha kufinyelela ezinye izincazelo, ikakhulukazi lezo zezombusazwe. Kumele ubacabangele ukwenza utshalomali lwakho lube semthethweni kulesi sikhathi esinzima.
- Inkinga enkulu isuselwa ku- izikweletu zomphakathi eziphakeme, enye yezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu e-European Union, futhi engasebenza njengebhuleki ekuhlanganiseni ukuvuselelwa komnotho waseSpain, njengoba kuphawuliwe ngabahlaziyi bezomnotho abahamba phambili. Futhi lokho kubonakala ekukhuleni kwephrimiyamu yengozi, ephinda isondela ezingeni lamaphoyinti ayi-160, ngemuva kokuba ngaphansi kwamaphoyinti ayi-100 izinyanga eziningi.
- La ukuncika ngokweqile ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe eYurophu, engaqedi ukwelulama, ingenye yezinkinga zomnotho wethu. Futhi lokho kuthintekile ezinkampanini ezixhunyaniswe kakhulu nale nqubo yokuhweba. Impela ukwehla komnotho womphakathi kungaba esinye sezithiyo ezingafinyelelwa kulesi simo esisha. Ikakhulukazi leyo yenjini yayo eyinhloko, okungeyona enye ngaphandle kweJalimane.
- Futhi ezingeni lesithathu, yize kungabalulekile kangako, ukungazinzi kwezepolitiki okungathinta ukuvuselelwa komnotho. Ithuba elandayo langempela lokuthi ngoJuni 26 abaseSpain kuzofanela baphinde bavote akusizi ngalutho ukudala isimo sokwethembana emnothweni waseSpain. Futhi lokho kungadluliselwa ezinsukwini ezizayo kumakethe yezimali, ngokuwa okuphawulekayo kumanani ezinkampani ezibalwe. Ngokutholakala okuncane kokugeleza kwemali kusuka phesheya. Noma yikuphi okufanayo, ukubakhona okuncane kwabatshalizimali bamazwe aphesheya.
Izenzo zabatshalizimali
Njengoba sibhekene nalesi simo esingajwayelekile esiveza umnotho waseSpain ezinyangeni zokuqala zika-2016, abekho abatshalizimali abambalwa abazibuza ukuthi bangenzani ngemali abayilondolozile. Abazi uma sekuyisikhathi sokuzitshala, nokuthi yimuphi umkhiqizo othize. Kulesi simo esingajwayelekile, kungenye yokuzivocavoca okungabaza kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Lapho kungekho isu elichaziwe, kude nalo.
Ukukusiza kulo msebenzi, uchungechunge lwamathiphu wokuthi kufanele ulusebenzise kanjani utshalomali lwakho lungasiza kakhulu, futhi lapho ukubuyisa kungavuna izintshisekelo zakho njengesilondolozi. Ngeke kube ngumsebenzi olula, kepha okungenani uzoba nemibono embalwa yokuhambisa imali kulezi zinyanga. Ukuzama ukukwenza kube nenzuzo, noma ngabe incane, kepha njalo ngokuphepha okukhulu nokuvikelwa. Kuzoba ukhiye empumelelweni yokusebenza kwakho ezimakethe.
- Ifuna izimpahla zezezimali inenzuzo enkulu ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ayivezelwa kakhulu ukungazinzi kwezimakethe zezimali. Ngokwalo mbono, izibopho zaseJalimane naseNyakatho Melika kungaba isu elihle kakhulu lokukhulisa izimpahla zakho. Akumangalisi ukuthi yibo abanikeza ukuphepha okukhulu ngalesi sikhathi. Futhi ngamandla angcono wokubuyekeza.
- Ukutshalwa kwemali okuhlukahlukene. Ngeke kube ukuhlakanipha ukugxila ekuphepheni okukodwa, enkombeni noma kwimpahla yezezimali, kepha kufanele uthole amamodeli avulekele noma isiphi isimo ezimakethe zezezimali, zombili ezenziwa nge-bearish kanye ne-bullish.
- Ngeke kube yisikhathi esikahle kakhulu sokugxila otshalweni lwakho kwimikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, noma ingozi enkulu. Impela ngabo ungathola imali eningi, kepha ukulahlekelwa okungavezwa yiphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali kuzoba phezulu kakhulu. Ubungozi buzoba bukhulu kakhulu, futhi akufanelekile ukuthatha izikhundla kule mikhiqizo.
- Ukuvikela izenzo zakho ezimakethe, omunye wemibono emihle ngukuthi hlanganisa imikhiqizo eminingi, ezingathinta izimali, imali engenayo engaguquki, kodwa neminye imiklamo ehlukile. Futhi khomba labo abathuthukisa isimilo esihle kakhulu ezinyangeni zokuqala zonyaka.
- Kungaba yisikhathi sokuba engekho ezimakethe zezimali, ukubona ukuthi benza kanjani kula masonto azayo. Futhi uma unempendulo enhle, qala ukuthatha izikhundla ezimakethe, yize kungenalo ulaka ngokweqile.
- Futhi ekugcineni, uzohlala unenketho yokutshala imali kwizibambiso ezikunikeza isivuno esikhulu senzuzo. Ungakhuphukela ku-8% ngonyaka futhi uqinisekisiwe. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthatha izingozi ngokweqile ekusebenzeni kwakho emakethe yamasheya. Ngokukhethwa okubanzi kwamanani okugcina lesi sici.