Izimali zokutshala imali zingenye ye amathuluzi akhethwayo ngengxenye enhle yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kepha kumodi yayo ehlelekile, iveza ifomethi lapho inzuzo ingaba phezulu kunamamodeli wendabuko. Kodwa-ke, kuletha ubungozi obukhulu ekusebenzeni ngoba kungumkhiqizo wezezimali onzima kakhulu odinga ulwazi lwabasebenzisi. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ayifanele wonke amaphrofayili wabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kepha kunalokho kulabo abanolwazi oluningi kulolu hlobo lokuhamba ezimakethe zezezimali.
Imikhiqizo eyakhiwe nakanjani iyisu elisebenza kahle ukunqoba ukusebenza okubuthakathaka okwamanje okunikezwa yi imikhiqizo yasebhange. Isibonelo, ama-akhawunti wemali ephezulu, imali yesikhathi noma enye into etholakala esikweletini somphakathi. Lapho kuzo zonke izinga le-1% lidlulwa ngokulambisa ngenxa yentengo eshibhile yemali endaweni ye-euro. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi yimikhiqizo enenzuzo yabasindisi ngokujwayelekile
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imikhiqizo ehlelekile ibonakala kakhulu ngesakhiwo sayo, kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi zehluke kakhulu kwizikhwama ezivamile zokutshala imali. Ngalo mqondo, ziqukethe i- ukuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo emibili noma ngaphezulu yezezimali ngaphansi komklamo noma isakhiwo esifanayo. Imvamisa, okuvame kakhulu inhlanganisela yomkhiqizo wemali engaguquki kanye nokunye okukodwa noma okuningi. Njengomphumela wale ndlela, iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunezinye. Futhi njengoba kunengqondo ukuqonda, banengozi enkulu ngoba abaqinisekisi ukubuya okungaguquki minyaka yonke.
Izinhlobo zemikhiqizo ehlelekile
Uma sizivumelanisa nengozi yokuthi lesi sigaba semikhiqizo singabandakanya, siyabona ukuthi singahlukaniswa sibe ngamaqembu amabili achazwe kahle nokuthi yilawo esiwadalula ngezansi:
Imikhiqizo eyakhiwe enesiqinisekiso semali Ekuvuthweni: ingabe leyo mikhiqizo yezezimali enesibopho sokubuyisa yonke imali eyitshaliwe ekuvuthweni. Kunoma ikuphi, yibo ababanga ingozi encane kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ngoba nabo balawulwa yiBhange LaseSpain uqobo futhi bahlanganiswa yiSikhwama Sesiqinisekiso Sedepho. Ngokwenza lokhu, lokhu kusho ukuthi basiqinisekisa kuze kufike ku-100.000 euro ngomuntu nomkhiqizo ngamunye, njengoba kunjalo ngamadiphozi asebhange wesikhathi esinqunyiwe.
Enye imodeli, eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, yiyo ebhekisa kwimikhiqizo ehlelekile enobungozi. Kulokhu, yibo labo abanaso isiqinisekiso semali Ekuvuthweni futhi ukubuyiselwa kwaso kuzolungiswa ngokuvela kwempahla eyisisekelo. Lesi yisici esinqumayo sokuthi ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nokuthi zingadala ukuthi ulahlekelwe yimali ezikhundleni ozivule kuzo. Njengakwimodeli yangaphambilini, zilawulwa yiBhange LaseSpain uqobo futhi zimbozwe yiSikhwama Sesiqinisekiso Sediphozithi. Yisiqinisekiso esikhulu kunazo zonke esinikezwe abanikazi babo.
Ukutshalwa kwemali kwenzalo okungaguquki
Uma okudingayo kungukuphepha kokutshala kwakho imali ngaphezu kwezinye izici, lokhu kuyindlela enganelisa izifiso zakho obuzilangazelela. Hhayi ngeze, kufanele uhlaziye ukuthi ekugcineni kosuku uzobe utshala imali yakho kwidiphozi yenzalo engaguquki eqinisekisiwe. Kepha uma okufunayo, ngokuphambene nalokho, kunjalo inzuzo ephakeme, kukhona namafomethi ahlonipha lesi sinqumo ngaphakathi komkhakha wediphozi ohleliwe. Lokho wukuthi, uzotshala imali ediphozithi ehlelekile ngenzalo eguqukayo.
Endabeni yediphozi engaguquki, inzuzo izohlala iqinisekiswa. Ngenkathi kuphambene, esimweni se- ithangi eliguqukayo, inzalo izonqunywa ukuvela kwama-indices wefa lapho kutshalwe khona imali. Lokhu ngumehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezindlela ezimbili zokutshala imali. Kepha ngaphandle kokushiya umkhiqizo ofanayo, yiziphi izici zayo eziyinhloko maqondana neminye imikhiqizo ehloselwe ukutshalwa kwezimali. Isici esingaheha inani elihle lamakhasimende kulawa mafomethi aklanywe amabhange eminyakeni yamuva.
Imali engenayo engaguquki minyaka yonke
Esinye sezici ezifanele kakhulu zalo mkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu webhange inzuzo yawo. Ngoba, empeleni, isiqinisekiso esifinyelela ku-1% ngaphezu kwenani lediphozithi elixhunyiwe, kungakhathalekile uhlobo lotshalo-mali olukhethwe yikhasimende lasebhange uqobo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele futhi kugcizelelwe ukuthi uma kwenzeka umuntu efa ngengozi, inzuzo eyengeziwe izoba ngama-51%. Ngamadiphozi wamanani amisiwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzothandwa yizinga lenzalo elingaguquki eliqinisekisiwe, futhi kulawo ahlelwe ukuvela kwama-indices okucatshangwe kusikhathi ngasinye sesiqinisekiso esisungulwe kwimpahla exhunyiwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi umshwalense wokuphila ohambisanayo uhlanganisani. Uma kwenzeka ukufa kwabanomshwalense, umshwalense uhlinzeka ngenzuzo eyengeziwe ye-1% yezimpahla ezixhunywe kutshalo-mali, kungakhathalekile ukuthi yini imbangela yokufa, nemikhawulo esuselwa eminyakeni yobudala. Endabeni yokufa ngengozi, inzuzo eyengeziwe izoba ngama-51% wenani lotshalo-mali.
Buyisela imali efakiwe
Omunye wemibuzo abaningi ababambe iqhaza kulo mkhiqizo wezezimali abazibuza wona ukuthi kungenzeka yini ngempela ukubuyisa imali imali ngaphambi kokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Yebo, ngalo mqondo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kumagazini ngamunye kuchazwe ukuthi kungenzeka kusetshenziswe ukuhlengwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Inani lokuhlengwa lizosuselwa kunani lemakethe lezimpahla ezihambisanayo. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zindlela zokutshala imali azikwazi ukubhaliswa ngaphandle kwesikhathi sazo sokuhweba. Futhi lapho, ngeke kube khona okunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokulinda usuku olusha lokukhishwa kulezi zimali eziqinisekisiwe zokutshala imali.
Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, kunethuba langempela lokuthi lezi zimali zingenziwa zibe semthethweni ngaphandle kwezikhathi ezibekiwe. Kepha kunenkinga enkulu futhi lokho kungaba njalo bajeziswe ngamakhomishini aphezulu kakhulu nangaphezulu kokujwayelekile. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi ingabeka engozini inzuzo yokugcina yalesi sikhwama esikhetheke kakhulu. Ukuphetha ngokuthi akuwona umsebenzi onenzuzo, ukude nawo. Esikhundleni salokho, kuphatha intshisekelo ezoshoda kakhulu kuyo yonke imibono.
Izinhlobo zezimali eziqinisekisiwe
Noma ngabe ikuphi, le ndlela yokutshala imali iqinisekisa u-100% wokutshalwa kwemali umbambiqhaza wokuqala. Yize kubuye kwaziswe kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi ekugcineni kungenzeka kube nenzuzo eyengeziwe noma ingabi khona. Ngezigaba ezimbili zamasu okutshala imali, amelwe isivuno esinqunyiwe futhi isivuno esiguqukayo. Ngokuphathelene nefomethi yokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngaphezu kwenhlokodolobha, ibhizinisi elilawulayo liqinisekisa ukutholwa kwembuyiselo eyengeziwe, evame ukuvezwa ngezinga lenzalo elingafinyelela ku-1% noma ku-2%.
Mayelana nezimali zokubuyisa eziguquguqukayo, izindlela ezihlukile zihluke kakhulu njengoba uzobona ngezansi. Ngoba empeleni, njengaleso sesivuno esimisiwe, iqinisekisa inhlokodolobha kanye nethuba lokuthola imbuyiselo eyengeziwe ngokususelwa ekuguqukeni kwenkomba noma isabelo. Kulezi zimo, isu lisuselwa ekufinyeleleni kokuhlosiwe okuncane maqondana nentengo yamasheya, imikhakha noma ama-indices ezimakethe zezimali. Ngalo mqondo, lezi zimali zifana kakhulu nezimali ezixhumene nezimpahla zezimali ezibalwe ezimakethe zezimali.
Inzuzo eyengeziwe?
Enye yezindlela ezijwayeleke kakhulu phakathi kwezincane nezisemaphakathi yisitatimende salo mbuzo. Yebo, ukhiye oyinhloko ngukuthi bangakwazi noma abakwazi ukuhlangabezana nochungechunge lwezimo ukuze babuyise okwabo ukukhishwa kokuqala, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okuhambisanayo. Ngalo mqondo, ngeke kube khona okunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokuhlaziya ngokuningiliziwe yonke into ephathelene nokwakheka nokwakheka kwayo ngoba ingakunika ukumangala okungaphezu kokukodwa kulezi zikhathi. Akuwona umkhiqizo olula ukuphatha futhi ngeke ube nokunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokwazi imishini yawo ngokujula okuthile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanele ukhohlwe ukuthi izimali okuthiwa ziqinisekisiwe zithengiselwa i- a isikhathi esithile, ekubeni ezimweni eziningi kungenzeki ukuba yingxenye yalo uma leli windi lokumaketha livaliwe. Ukusuka kulesi simo, kuyadingeka ukuthi welulekwe ngaphambi kokusayina inkontileka yalo mkhiqizo okhethekile wezezimali ukuze ungatholi lutho olumangazayo kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Njengoba nje kudingekile ukuthi isiqinisekiso sisebenze, futhi ngeke sibone ukulahleka enhlokodolobha yethu uma izimo zemakethe zingahambi kahle. Lapho ezimweni eziningi kuzodingeka ulinde kuze kube sekupheleni kwalo. Ngokuhlala unomphela kuhamba ebangeni elisuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwengu-5.