Isabelo sasebhange nemisebenzi yaso
Lapho ekhuluma isabelo sebhange sezweSisho iphesenti lemikhiqizo yalo okufanele igcinwe iqandisiwe ukuze ithole ukubanjwa komphakathi. Emnothweni singakukhombisa lokhu njengalokho okwenziwa yibhange elikhulu ngemali; Lapho ibhange eliphakathi lisebenzisa i-reserve, lenza lokhu ukuze likhuphule noma linciphise inani lemali eligcinwe ezweni.
Intambo ephezulu
Lapho une uhlobo lwelayisi olunokuthambekela kokuvuka, izinhlangano zezwe ziqala ukuba nezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa zokwenza imali mboleko noma izikweletu zanoma yiluphi uhlobo; Lokhu kusho ukuthi inani lokubhuka kumele likhulu.
Ngalesi silinganiso, ICentral Bank ingaqinisekisa ukuthi amabhange alawulwa yilolu hlelo futhi bayahambisana namazinga abawakhonjisiwe; bazohlala benemali eyanele ezokwazi ukubolekisa uma kudingeka.
Lolu hlelo lusetshenziselwani?
Kuyindlela ebhekene nayo thola imali ukuze ukwazi ukuyiboleka kamuva futhi kusekelwe ekuqageleni kwemakethe. Uma seliqoqile imali, ibhange kufanele longe ingxenye encane bese elinye liyisebenzisela ukuhamba kwemali, leyo ngxenye encane ebhange eliyigcinile.
Isibonelo salokhu okulandelayo
Ukuze uyiqonde kangcono, sizonikeza isibonelo esilula. Ibhange libamba iklayenti elivula i-akhawunti ngama-euro ayisigidi. Kuleso sigidi sama-euro, ibhange lizosebenzisa ingxenye ukuze likwazi ukutshala imali; kepha awukwazi ukusebenzisa isigidi esigcwele ngakho-ke into enempilo kunazo zonke kungaba ukusindisa ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-150.000 ebhange.
Izinhlobo zeleyisi
Ngaphakathi kwezintambo, kukhona okuhlukile izinhlobo zezintambo. Lapho kuphela umkhiqizo wezezimali, kuphakama imfuneko yokubekiwe; ngoba lokho kusho ukuthi noma ngasiphi isikhathi umuntu angacela imali ebhange futhi kufanele iphendule.
Lesi ngesinye sezimo ezivame kakhulu kuma-akhawunti akhona njengamanje, ngoba umuntu kudingeka abe naleyo mali nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuze ayisebenzisele izinkokhelo zakhe zansuku zonke futhi ibhange kumele liyinike lapho liyidinga.
Amabhange amaningi akhetha ukungasebenzisi imali ekuhloleni ama-akhawunti ukuze atshale imali futhi abakhokhi nzalo ngalezi zinhlobo zama-akhawunti, ngoba kuyimali abangakwazi ukusebenza ngayo futhi awukwazi ukuyilahla.
Nini intambo yebhentshi iphansi kakhuluLokhu kungaholela ekungathembekeni okuthile kumuntu ofaka imali yakhe lapho, ngoba maningi amathuba okuthi bangakwazi ukubuyisa imali yabo.
Kungani ibhange lingakwazi ukubuyisa imali yami?
Lokhu akuyona into ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi kuma-akhawunti amanje njengoba siphawule engxenyeni engenhla. Kodwa-ke, ake ucabange ukuthi ibhange linemali ebekiwe futhi liqala ukutshala yonke imali yamakhasimende alo. Abantu ababeke imali yabo lapho, bafuna ukubuyisa imali yabo, noma kunjalo ibhange alikwazi ukubanikeza noma ngabe lifuna, ngoba leyo mali isetshenziselwe ukwenza imali futhi ayitholakali. Ukube ibhange belinenani eliphezulu lokubekisa, lokhu bekungeke kwenzeke ngoba bekuzoba nemali eyanele yokunikeza imali kubantu abayifunayo ngaleso sikhathi bese kuthi okusele kutholakale ngokutshalwa kwemali.
Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka isikhashana se- isiphithiphithi sezezimali futhi bonke abantu bafuna ukukhipha imali yabo ngasikhathi sinye, kungangena ekuweni kwebhange lapho kuthi ibhange belingenayo i-solvency edingekayo yokunikeza imali kubo bonke abantu abayifunayo futhi kuleli qophelo, ukutakulwa kwezomnotho kwebhange elikhulu noma ukuhlangana kwaleli bhange elinelikhulu kuzongena, yize inketho yesibili kufaka isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi kwenzeka kuphela lapho amabhange eqothukile.
Ngubani ophethe ukusungula imfuneko yokubekiwe
Ibhange eliphakathi liphethe ukuhlinzeka ngemfuneko yokugcina ebhange ngalinye. Ibhange elikhulu i-Said linamandla okwenza lokho ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni noma kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwebhizinisi elizimele.
Ayini amaphesenti amadiphozithi okumele abonwe ngaleyo reserve ebekwe yiCentral Bank
Ukulingana kwesikhungo sikahulumeni akufani nokwesikhungo esizimele.
Ezikhungweni ezizimele, kufanele kube nokugcinwa okukodwa kwe-2% yenani uma kukhulunywa ngalo
1. Amadiphozithi namadiphozithi
2. Izibambiso ezibhaliswe emakethe yamasheya
Uma kukhulunywa nge izikhungo zomkhakha womphakathi, okusunguliwe kuyinqolobane eyodwa engu-4% yanoma iluphi uhlobo lweqoqo noma idiphozi elenziwe, ngaphezu kokuvikeleka okubhaliswe emakethe yamasheya.
Yimiphi imiyalo okufanele ilandelwe lapho kwenzeka inqubo yokuqothula impahla
Lapho amabhizinisi akwinkqubo yokuqedwa kwempahla, awanawo uhlobo lwesibopho uma kuziwa ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zokugcina, ngoba akukho ukuhambisana kwalolu hlobo okuzodingeka.
Nini i-akhawunti edingekayo yokugcina imali isesikhungweni esisebhange elikhulu, njengoba kufanele isungulwe
Ezikhungweni ezizimele. Kufanele ube ne-100% kuma-euro nokuthi zonke izikhungo ezizimele endaweni zine-akhawunti nebhange elikhulu.
Kufanele ube nokukhokha okungafika kuma-75 kwemikhiqizo yezezimali ekhishwe ngebhange elikhulu esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka owodwa
Ezikhungweni zikahulumeni. Kufanele okungenani ube nemali engu-05% yemali ngaphandle kokutholakala kuzinqolobane zezimali.
Emaphesentini asele kuze kuphothulwe u-4% okumele ngabe izikhungo zikahulumeni seziphothuliwe, kuzoba ngezitifiketi zokutshalwa kwemali ezigciniwe ezikhishwe yibhange elikhulu ngokukhokha okungaphansi konyaka owodwa.
Ngabe isebenza kanjani kahle imali ebhange ngokuya ngemithetho yebhange elikhulu
Lapho iqala ukukhuphuka kubekiwe, inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi liqala ukuba nezinkumbulo ezimbalwa ukuze likwazi ukunikeza amakhredithi noma imalimboleko kubantu abayidingayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi la mabhizinisi kufanele ashiye imali enkulu ebekiwe ukuze ahlangabezane nezindleko zawo nemalimboleko ngalesi sikhathi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kunemali encane kakhulu ongabolekisa ngayo abantu futhi nemali encane kakhulu ijikeleza, okuholela ekwehleni kwempahla.
Okwamanje lapho ibhange eliphakathi lehlisa iphesenti lemfuneko ebekiwe, amabhange aphinde abe nokuxazulula kwezomnotho futhi awavumela ukuthi aphinde anikeze imali ezinkampanini nasemabhange ezingeni likazwelonke. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi abantu baqale ukuba nenani eliphakeme kakhulu lemali yokubolekisa futhi nenani lemali ekhiqizwayo liqala ukugeleza.
Kuleli grafu ungabona okungcono kancane ukuthi sisho ukuthini
Ngaphakathi kweBhange Elikhulu, amaphuzu alandelayo anqunywa ukuthi wonke amabhizinisi kufanele athobele
1- Kumele kunqunywe ukuthi yiliphi inani lesilinganiso senzalo esincane esisezingeni lomthetho nokuthi yimaphi amazinga wokugcina okufanele asungulwe.
2- Kumele kulawulwe ukuthi wonke amabhange nezikhungo zilandela uhlobo lwezimfuno zokubekiwe ezisunguliwe futhi uma zingenzi njalo, ibhange eliphakathi lingabeka unswinyo ezinkampanini ezingekho ngaphansi kohlaka lwezomthetho.
3- IBhange Elikhulu linquma ukuthi iziphi izikhathi ezidingekayo zokulondolozwa okumele kuhlangatshezwane nazo futhi liqinisekise ukuthi wonke umuntu uyazilandela.
I-4- I-Central Bank iyona enquma ukuthi yiziphi izibopho okufanele amabhange ngamunye abe nazo lapho kusungulwa imfuneko yokubekiwe.
5- Isungula okuyisibalo sokusetshenziswa kwezintambo futhi ifundisa nendlela.
6- Nikeza ama-oda ngamaphuzu okumele umbiko uqukathe lapho wethula izidingo ezishiwoyo.
7- Sikhipha imikhuba ejwayelekile okufanele ilingane ibe nayo ezingeni lezepolitiki.
Iyini imiphumela eyinhloko esidingweni sokubekiwe esibekwe yiBhange Elikhulu
1. Imali efakwa kumakhasimende ebhange ngalinye ilawulwa kangcono futhi inokuvikeleka okuphezulu.
2. Kunenani elikhulu lokukhokhwa kwemali.
3. Lingelinye lamathuluzi amahle kakhulu okulawula imali yezwe.
4. Kungenzeka ukulawula ukuthi yikuphi ukunwetshwa kwamakhredithi kwimpahla ngayinye ebanjiswayo.
5. Ukwehluka kwesilinganiso kungaqala ukusebenza
6. Kungathinta izinqolobane zikazwelonke uma kungalawulwa kahle
7. Kungabeka izwe engcupheni uma izinqolobane zingaphathwa ngendlela efanele.
