Sisho ukuthini uma sisebenzisa isichazamazwi i-OPA?
La I-OPA yibhidi yokuthatha kabusha. Luhlobo lwendlela yokuhweba lapho inkampani eyodwa ilawula enye inkampani evame ukuba mncane kuneyokuqala. Lokhu kwaziwa njengokuthathwa kwenkampani futhi kwenzeka njalo emakethe.
Kuyini?
Kulula kakhulu, ukuthi inkampani (imvamisa inkampani enkulu noma enamandla kakhulu kwezomnotho) ifuna ukuthenga amasheya ezinkampanini ezincane ngentengo ephakeme kancane kunaleyo esemakethe. Ingabe inkampani ibizwa nge- "opante" inkampani futhi ngokujwayelekile lolu hlobo lwe ukusebenza kunenzuzo enkulu kubantu abanezinketho zenkampani edonsa inkampani encane, ngoba inkampani enkulu kunazo zonke ikhokha imali ephakeme kunaleyo esemakethe yamasheya ale nkampani.
Yini i-OPA: ukuhlaziywa okujulile
Njengoba sesishilo, i-OPA njalo iyinkampani ehlose ukulawula enye inkampani encane noma enamandla okuthenga amancane.
Izinkampani ze-opaque zingayifeza kanjani inhloso yazo
Enye yezindlela (futhi ejwayelekile kakhulu) ukuthola wonke amasheya enkampani encane kunazo zonke, okwenza kube yingxenye ephelele yokuqala.
Okwesibili ukuqhubeka nokuthenga iphakethe elikhulu lesitoko elikunika amandla okuphatha inkampani ngaphandle kokuthi ulithenge lonke.
Ngabe inkampani encane ingayethula yini ibhidi lokuthatha ngaphezulu kweyikhulu?
Ngokwenzayo, inkampani encane kakhulu ayisoze yaqhuba ibhidi yokuthatha inkampani enkulu kunayo. Isizathu silula, inkampani ebekwe kahle isivele inenani lamasheya aphezulu, ngakho-ke kungaba yinzuzo ukuthi inkampani encane kakhulu inikeze ukuthenga amasheya ngentengo ephakeme kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, lapho inkampani inkulu, uma kunengqondo ukuthi inganikela ngemali enkulu kunalawo masheya athengiswa emakethe kunkampani ephansi.
Siyini isizathu sokuthi izinkampani ze-opaque zikhokhe inani eliphakeme
Uma kwenzeka inkampani enkulu ithathe isinqumo sokuthenga amasheya enkampani encane kancane kancane, inkampani ethengayo izogcina ikhokha amanani ahlukene amasheya, ngoba ayashintsha ngenxa yenani lansuku zonke, okungenza ukuthi bakhokhe kakhulu Usuku olulodwa futhi olunye usuku kuncane.
Okufanele kwenziwe yinkampani enkulu
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi inkampani enkulu ifune ukuthatha izinkampani ezincane, into yokuqala okufanele ithumele ibhidi yokuthatha futhi lokhu kuvunyelwe yi-CNMV, abaninimasheya bezinkampani ezincane banganquma ukuthi bazothengisa noma cha amasheya entengo enikeziwe kubo. kusho inkampani. Lapho ukuthengisa kuphumelele, inkampani enkulu ithatha amasheya enkampani encane bese iyayilawula.
Kuyindaba yokuthi abaningi izinkampani zithenga amasheya ezinkampani ezincane kepha aziwamukeli, kunalokho bavumela inkampani iqhubeke nokusebenza njengoba ibilokhu yenze njalo; kodwa-ke, inkampani entsha ilawula ngokugcwele leyo nkampani.
Izinhlobo zokucatshangelwa
Izinqubo ze-OPA azihlali zikhokhelwa ngokheshi. Kunezinkampani ezithile ezethula i-Opa ezinkampanini ezincane kodwa esikhundleni sokuzikhokhela ngemali, ezikunikeza zona yipesenti% yamasheya enkampani enkulu kunazo zonke (kusobala ukuthi azohlala engaphansi ngoba abiza kakhulu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa inkampani encane ihlala isebenza kepha ilawulwa enkulu.
Hlobo luni lwezinzuzo ezikhona
Kusukela ngo-1991, eziningana izinhlobo zokucatshangelwa kwamabhidi wokuthatha.
Ezimweni eziningi ze-OPA, ukukhokha okuvame kakhulu kwenziwa ngemali futhi yilokho izinkampani eziningi ezemukelayo. Kodwa-ke, ukucatshangelwa futhi kuvunyelwe kwizibambiso ezikhishiwe noma ukuphepha okusalindile ukukhishwa.
Ziyini izinzuzo ze-OPA
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, I-OPA wuhlobo lwebhizinisi olunenzuzo kubaninimasheya ezinkampani nabaqondisi benkampani.
I-OPA ivumela izinkampani ukuthi zikhule futhi nenhlokodolobha yenkampani ihlukaniswe ngokwengeziwe, okusho ukuthi uma kunezinkinga enkampanini ubungozi buyahlukana phakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinkampanini ezincane kungumnikelo omkhulu ukuthi ngabe inkampani izoqhubeka nokusebenza noma izongena, ngoba iwina noma kunjalo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhidi lokuthatha kabusha livumela ukunwetshwa kwezinkampani, ukwehlukaniswa kwezinhloko-dolobha zawo noma ukuhlanganiswa ngamaqembu ezezimali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba khona kwale ndlela nakho kunenzuzo kubaninimasheya.
Abaqondisi nabaninimasheya enkampanini imvamisa bangabantu abehlukile. Lokhu kwenza abaphathi balwele ukugcina inkampani futhi ikakhulukazi i-accounting yayo iphakeme kakhulu futhi inhle, ngoba uma kwenzeka kuthathwa imali, abaninimasheya bangaphendula kahle kuyo futhi banikeze amanye amasheya enkampani ezinye izandla. Inhloso ukugcina abatshalizimali bamanje bethembekile enkampanini.
Yiziphi izingqinamba
I-OPA inezithiyo ezithile, njalo ibhekiswe kubaninimasheya futhi lokho kungadala izinkinga ngamasu esikhathi esizayo ezinkampani noma amanye amaphrojekthi okungenzeka ukuthi anakho.
Ngoba uma uthenga inkampani encane ngebhidi lokuthatha, ukhokha ngaphezulu
I-OPA akuyona uhlobo lomsebenzi olungenziwa njenganoma yikuphi ukunyakaza okwenziwa emakethe. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani kungenjalo, ukuthi kulokhu, inhloso yenqubo akukhona ukutshalwa kwezimali noma ukuxhaswa ngemali kwenkampani, kodwa ukuyilawula yize iqhubeka nokusebenza sengathi iyinkampani eyedlule.
Amasheya ezinkampani awathengiswa ngentengo yemakethe, ngakho inani elidlalwa ngalo liphakeme kakhulu. Inani elingathengiswa emakethe ngosuku olujwayelekile.
Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani umthetho unikeza ukwelashwa okukhethekile kulolu hlobo lwesenzo ukuthi ukulawula enye inkampani Kudinga ukuthi leyo nkampani inamathuluzi asemthethweni anikezwa ukuthengwa kwamakethe okwamanje. Izinqubo eziningi kufanele zisekelwe ngumthetho.
Uma kwenzeka inkampani ifuna ukuthenga iphakethe elikhulu kakhulu lamasheya enkampani encane, okumele ikwenze ukuqhathanisa inani lamasheya usuku nosuku. Ngale ndlela ubungabona ukuthi iyiphi i- ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwenkampani nokwazi ukubona ukuthi siyini isidingo sangempela senkampani ngakho-ke inani lamasheya ashiwo.
Le yinqubo ekhandlayo enkampanini efuna ukuthenga amasheya enkampani engaphansi futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzofanele ihlele isu ngesibikezelo esikhulu sokuthi izindleko eziphelele zomsebenzi zizoba yini ukuthenga lawo masheya. Lokhu kungaholela ekutheni inkampani ofuna ukuyithenga iphelelwe yimali yokwenza inkokhelo ukuze ithenge iphakethe lesabelo. ebengikufuna ekuqaleni.
Uma kwenzeka wenza i- ukuthengiselana okungathathiZonke izinkampani ezifuna ukuhlangana noma ezifuna ukwandisa zisebenza ngethuba lokuthenga kuphela ingxenye yenkampani noma ukungakwazi ukwenza noma yiziphi izinyathelo ngenxa yezinguquko ezenzeka emakethe.
Izinkampani ezithola i-OPAS kufanele zinqabe noma zamukele isikhathi esingakanani
Lesi sikhathi akumele sibe ngaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-15 futhi kufanele sibe nesikhathi esiphezulu sezinsuku ezingama-60. I-oda lokwamukelwa lingasuswa ngaphambi kosuku lokugcina lokwamukelwa kwalowo mnikelo.
Uma kwenzeka inkampani ithola ama-OPA amaningi; inkampani ithe ingabamukela bonke, inqobo nje uma ikhombisa ukuhleleka kokuthandwa okufanayo nokuthi izimemezelo zenziwa zaziwe yibo bonke abancintisana nabo.
Ukuthengwa kokuthengiswa okuphoqelelwe kwe-OPA
Kukhona ezinye ukuthenga ukuthengiswa okuphoqelelwe ngaphakathi kwe-Opa ikhishwe ezinkampanini. Lokhu kwenzeka uma kwethulwe umnikelo ku-100% wenkampani, kepha kuphela ama-90% wabatshalizimali abamukelayo. Uma ukunikezwa kwamukelwe ngaphansi kwama-90%, okunikezwayo kungavunyelwa noma kunqatshwe.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi u-90% usuvele uthengisiwe, inkampani ethengayo ingafuna ukuthi abatshalizimali abasele bathengise amasheya kuyo ngentengo yokuqala ye-OPA. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kudaleke ezinye izindleko ngenxa yokungafuni ukuthengisa ngesikhathi, umtshalizimali nguyena okufanele akhokhe izindleko.
Ukukhishwa ku-OPAS
Uma kwenzeka umtshali-zimali ethatha isinqumo sokugcina amasheya akhe noma kunjalo, kufanele azi ukuthi kungamlethela izinkinga ezinkulu zokukhokha futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, cishe akukho lwazi mayelana nenkampani nabaphathi bayo.