Umshuwalense wokutshala imali ngumkhiqizo wezezimali osanda kudalwa onenhloso ephindwe kabili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvikela noma ukufaka umshwalense enhlokodolobha kube nomthelela nokwakha ukushintshaniswa kokonga kwesikhathi eside futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudala inzuzo yonyaka ukukhuthaza ukuqashwa kwabo. Okunye okuvelele kulo mkhiqizo ukuthi awuthengiswa ngamabhange, kepha izinkampani zomshuwalense ezisungule amamodeli anezici ezahlukahlukene.
Lolu hlobo lomshuwalense lubonakala ngokuguquguquka kakhulu kunemikhiqizo yasebhange ehloselwe ukonga. Ngokuvumela abanikazi bayo ukuthi benze iminikelo yabo yemali ngokususelwa kumholo wabo. Lokho wukuthi, kucabanga ukuthi i-premium ingaba ehlukile, ngezikhathi ezithile noma engavamile, maqondana namathuba akho ezezimali ngenkathi uhlala kumshuwalense wokutshala imali.
Enye inzuzo ecatshangelwe ngokuqasha lo mshuwalense ohlotshaniswa nokonga ukuthi kunenzuzo yentela yabaphethe. Ngoba uma igcinwa isikhathi esincane seminyaka emihlanu, izinzuzo ezikhiqizwe kulesi sikhathi zizoba ikhululiwe enteleni. Ngale ndlela, kuzoba nomthelela ekutheni ukonga kungaphinde kwenziwe kulo mzila. Noma ngabe yikuphi ukusebenza okutholwe ngalo mkhiqizo wezezimali, ngoba akunamikhawulo ekusetshenzisweni kwawo.
Umshuwalense wokutshala imali: intela
Imbuyiselo eyenziwe ngumshwalense wotshalo-mali ingenye yezikhuthazo zokuzivumelanisa, ngoba ziphakeme kunalezo ezinikezwa yimikhiqizo yasebhange (ama-term deposits, amanothi ezethembiso zebhange noma ama-akhawunti emali engenayo ephezulu). Ngefayela le- inzuzo engaguquki futhi eqinisekisiwe leyo oscillates enezimayini zentengiso ezakhiwe phakathi kuka-2% no-5%. Yize ezimweni eziningi kwenzeka ngokwenkokhelo ebizwa ngokuthi iyanda. Okusho ukuthi, ngenzalo yezobuchwepheshe eqinisekisiwe esondele ku-1% noma ku-2% ngonyaka wokuqala futhi ikhula kancane kancane eminyakeni elandelayo futhi ize ifinyelele ekuvuthweni.
Izimo zenkontileka
Ukwenza kwawo ngokusemthethweni kufana ncamashi nokufakwa kwemali yasebhange, noma kunomehluko omncane: kunomnikelo omkhulu wonyaka ovame ukwehla phakathi kwama-5.000 no-10.000 ama-euro. Esinye isici esihlukanisa lo mkhiqizo kokunye kungenxa yokuthi ukutakulwa kunqunyelwe kakhulu. Lokhu empeleni kusho ukuthi ngeke kukhululwe ngokuphelele ekutshalweni kwemali. Kepha kunalokho banesimo sengxenye encane kakhulu yaso. Akumangalisi ukuthi imali eqinisekisiwe ivuthwa kuphela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umshwalense wokutshala imali uhlose ngemigomo emide kunokujwayelekile, phakathi kweminyaka elinganiselwa kwishumi nakowe-10. Okunye okusha kwayo ukuthi ukusebenza abakunikezayo kuvame ukwanda, okungukuthi, kuyakhuphuka njengoba iminyaka ihamba, yize iqala ku inzuzo encane yobuchwepheshe eshiwo ngaphezulu nje kwe-1%. Ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isimo zingakhanselwa njengoba kwenzeka emadiphozini asebhange. Ngisho nezinhlawulo kulokhu kuhamba.
Enye yezinzuzo ezinikezwa ukwenziwa kwabo ngokusemthethweni ukuthi bakhululwe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamakhomishini nezinye izindleko ekuphathweni noma ekugcineni kwabo. Ngakho-ke, inzalo izoba yinkulu futhi izohamba iye ngokuphelele kwi-akhawunti yamanje yabanikazi bayo ngosuku olubekiwe. Kunoma ikuphi, kuyisu elilula kakhulu ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza ukushintshana okuzinzile kokonga okubhekiswe esikhathini esiphakathi nesikhathi eside. Ngokuguquguquka okuphezulu ukuze kutholakale iminikelo yemali ngoba iyavuma kuyo ama-premium isikhathi esisodwa, imali ejwayelekile noma engavamile, kuye ngezidingo zokutshala imali. Ukuze ngale ndlela, lo mkhiqizo womshuwalense ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nemali engenayo kanye nephrofayili yamakhasimende.
Amathiphu ama-5 wokonga imali
Umshuwalense, nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, ungomunye wemikhiqizo yokuvikela engashodi emakhaya. Ukufika lapho ukuthi ngokuya ngemininingwane eshicilelwe kufayela le- Iphepha Elimhlophe Ngokuvikelwa Komndeni eSpain Abasebenzisi abangu-42% baseSpain bathathe umshwalense wokuphila. Kulokhu kufanele kungezwe amanye amafomethi nawo anokwethenjelwa ngabanomshwalense: imoto, ukufa, ikhaya, impilo, njll. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukuqashwa kwabo kufaka uchungechunge lwezindleko ekuphathweni kwabo okumele kubhekwane nazo. Kepha ukusebenzisa amasu anhlobonhlobo ekwenziweni kwabo kungancishiswa kakhulu, kokunye kungenzeka abanye babo bakhululeke.
Ukuze kuthi kusukela manje abathengi babe sesimweni sokonga ama-euro ambalwa ekwenzeni ngokusemthethweni lo mkhiqizo, ngeke babe nenye indlela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izeluleko ezimbalwa ezilula. Ukuze zikuholele ekufezeni inhloso yakho, okungeyona enye ngaphandle kokuqukatha izindleko zalesi sidingo esinengxenye enkulu yomphakathi. Kule ndlela, imiphumela ingamangala abasebenzisi futhi bazobona ukuthi minyaka yonke kufanele basebenzise kanjani imali encane ekuyigcineni. Ngabe uyafuna ukwazi ukuthi amaqhinga la wokukhuthaza ukonga aqukethe ini? Yebo, naka kancane ngoba angaba wusizo olukhulu kusuka manje.
Ukhiye wokuqala: sebenzisa ngokunikezwayo
Izinkampani zomshuwalense zenza amaphromoshini ngemvamisa ethile lapho izaphulelo ezingafika kuma-30% zingatholwa kumgomo ozotholwa. Ngezinsizakalo ezifanayo nezinzuzo maqondana nomshuwalense omakethwa ngaphandle kwaleli su lokuhweba. Umkhuba wabashuwalense eminyakeni yamuva ukunikela ngenkontileka yezinqubomgomo eziningana ukuze omunye wabo ukhululekile. Ukuze umsebenzi usebenze ngempumelelo, isidingo sangempela sokuwaqasha wonke kufanele siqinisekiswe.
Ukhiye wesibili: hlaziya izidingo
Esinye sezihluthulelo sokwenza noma imuphi umshwalense ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izidingo zangempela futhi ikakhulukazi ukumbozwa okudingeka kakhulu ukubhalisa. Ukuze ngale ndlela, ungaqasha umshwalense owenzelwe wena ngaphandle kwezinsizakalo ezingadingekile ezizokwenza umkhiqizo ubize kakhulu ngendlela engaphumeleli. Uma lesi sinyathelo senziwa ekukhetheni umshwalense ngazo zonke izindlela i-premium izokwehla minyaka yonke.
Ukhiye wesithathu: ukumaketha kwamahhala
Mhlawumbe abasebenzisi abaningi abazi ukuthi abathengisi bemishwalense bangabo ngaphandle kwezintshisekelo zomshuwalense uqobo. Kufinyelela ezingeni lokuthi bakwazi ukufinyelela kukho konke ukunikezwa nokuphakanyiswa kwalokhu, ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwemikhawulo. Umphumela walokhu kuseshwa komshuwalense kwenzeka ngokwenziwa okungabizi kakhulu kwale mikhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenzuzo yokuqala abazokwazi ngayo ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi amakhasimende abo afunani ngoba ukulandela kwabo kuqhubeka kakhulu futhi kusebenza kahle. Ngoba akudingekile ukubhalisela konke ukumbozwa kwakho, kepha empeleni lezo ezifunwa abasebenzisi.
Ukhiye wesine: ukumbozwa okuyimpinda
Kulula ukwenza ukubuyekeza okujulile ngemishwalense ebhalisiwe ngoba nakanjani izobe ikhona izembozo eziphindiwe. Kungani ukhokha kabili ngomkhiqizo ofanayo? Kulezi zimo ngeke sibe khona esinye isixazululo ngaphandle kokukhansela eyodwa yezinqubomgomo ezithintekayo ukuze kutholakale imihlomulo efanayo kodwa ubakhokhele imali encane. Ngomshuwalense wezimpawu ezifanayo kuzoba ngokwanele ukuvikeleka.
Ukhiye wesihlanu: abaqhathanisi abaku-inthanethi
Ukusebenzisa abathengi abaku-inthanethi kungumqondo omuhle kakhulu wokukhetha umshwalense omuhle kakhulu futhi ngentengo yokuncintisana kakhulu emakethe. Ngenye yezindlela zokufinyelela kukho konke ukunikezwa nezithembiso zezinkampani zomshuwalense bese ukhetha imodeli enenzuzo enkulu yezintshisakalo zabasebenzisi. Akumangalisi ukuthi kungahle kube nokwehluka okufika kuma-35% entengo yenqubomgomo efanayo.
Vele kuyisu eliwusizo kakhulu ukonga imali esivumelwaneni esisha. Kepha i-qua e cabo nayo ingakhipha nokwenza kahle kwalo mkhiqizo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla nokuvikelwa kwabanikazi bazo. Yini kuwufanele unezinqubomgomo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu umshwalense uma ukumbozwa kuyaphindwa. Ukuphela kwento esizoyizuza ukwenza umkhiqizo ubize kakhulu kunamathuba angempela. Njengoba ubonile kule ndatshana, unamasu amaningi wokufeza lezi zinhloso. Ngeke zikubize umzamo omkhulu futhi esikhundleni salokho imiphumela ingasikisela kusuka kulezi zikhathi eziqondile
Ukuze ube nomshuwalense omuhle kakhulu akudingekile ukuthi usebenzise imali eningi nemali eningi futhi-ke ngeke kusize ukuthatha izinqubomgomo zomshwalense eziningana. Leli iphutha elenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kwabathengi balolu hlobo lwemikhiqizo yezezimali exhunywe nokuvikeleka kwakho okusondele kakhulu. Ekupheleni kosuku ungonga imali enhle yama-euro ezoya ku-akhawunti yakho yokonga. Ukuzisebenzisela ukuhamba nomndeni noma nabangane, ukukhokha umugqa wesikweletu noma ukukhokhela isikole sezingane zakho ezisencane. Njengoba uzobona, kunezindawo eziningi zale mali ezingatholakala kumshwalense wokuqasha, noma ngabe unjani. Ngoba okumayelana nokuthi ungasusa izindleko ezingenasidingo ngale mikhiqizo ehloselwe ukulondeka komuntu siqu. Ngenzuzo engatholakala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.