Ngokuya ngemininingwane yakamuva evela kuSocial Security, kusuka ngoJanuwari 2018, impesheni emaphakathi kazwelonke yayiyi-1.074 euros ngenyanga. Inani elikhule kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ngaphandle kwezinkinga zomnotho, ngama-40%. Ngo-2007, impesheni emaphakathi yayingama-euro angama-766 kuphela ngenyanga. Izwe laseBasque, i-Asturias neMadrid yimiphakathi ezizimele ephezulu, kanti ngokuphambene nalokho, i-Extremadura neGalicia abafinyeleli kuma-euro angama-900 ngenyanga futhi bahlala nemholo ephansi kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umehluko ngobulili uyaphawuleka: ngenkathi umholo wabesilisa ungama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-1.244,7, lowo wabesifazane uhlale kuma-euro angama-794,4. Lokho okungukuthi, cishe ama-euro angama-500 umehluko.
Ngesikhathi ufunda le datha, ngokuqinisekile uzocabanga ngempesheni ozoyiqoqa ngesikhathi esifanele lapho kufika umhlalaphansi. Ngoba ezimweni eziningi maningi amathuba okuthi awunawo umqondo ocacile wemali ezofanelana nawe kulesi sigaba esibalulekile sempilo yakho. Ngoba ngisho naleli su lingakusiza ukuthi uhlele kusengaphambili ngeminyaka yegolide. Kufinyelela ezingeni lokuthi ungakwazi yengeze ngemali engenayo eyengeziwe, njengalezo ezitholakala ezikhwameni ezizimele noma ezinhlelweni zempesheni.
Vele, iqiniso lokuthi kubalwa impesheni akuyona into elula kwasekuqaleni. Ngoba phakathi kwezinye izizathu eziningi kuzofanele unake okuguqukayo okuningi okubaluleke ngokuphelele ukwenza i- ubani wempesheni. Ngezinga lokuthi iminyaka yeminikelo ayanele njengokuyiqoqa kulesi sigaba sempilo yakho. Yize leli kuyicala elithile, kepha lapho ungazibona ucwiliswe khona futhi kulula kakhulu ukuthi ubacabangele futhi okungenani ukwazi ukubona lesi simo.
Impesheni enganikeli
Esinye sezici zokuqala ukuzihlaziya ukuthi ngabe unikele iminyaka eyanele ukuqoqa impesheni enikelayo. Lesi simo senzeka lapho kungenjalo unikele ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15 ngakho-ke ngeke ube nelungelo lokuthatha umhlalaphansi ojwayelekile. Kulezi zimo, kufanele wazi ukuthi impesheni ozoyithola ilungelo lokuthola usizo lwezimali nyangazonke oluvela kuHulumeni lwabo bonke abantu abaneminyaka engama-65 noma ngaphezulu, ngaphandle kwelungelo lokuthatha umhlalaphansi noma impesheni ejwayelekile yokunikela ngokungasebenzi noma ukunikela ngokwanele, kanye "nokuswela" imali engenayo.
Izimpesheni ezinganikeli ngalonyaka u-2018 zithole ukwanda ngo-0,25%, kwasala ezazo inani elibekwe kuma-euro ayizi-5.178,60 ngonyaka, ezikhokhwa ngezitolimende zenyanga eziyi-12 kanye nezinkokhelo ezimbili ezingavamile ngonyaka. Imali ehambelana nokukhokhisa umuntu ngamunye ohola impesheni incike emholweni wakhe kanye / noma kweyunithi yabo yezomnotho yokuhlalisana, okuyizinga eliphakeme nelincane okufanele likhokhiswe lokhu okulandelayo esikudalula ngakho ngezansi:
- Isilinganiso esikhulu se-PNC: 369,90 euros / ngenyanga enezinkokhelo eziyi-14 zalabo abazicelayo futhi banelungelo lokuthola imali egcwele. Ngemali ephezulu yonyaka engu-5.164,60 euros.
- Imali encane ye-PNC: Ama-euro angama-92,48 ngenyanga ngezinkokhelo eziyi-14 (inani eliphansi lonyaka lama-1.294,65 euros lihambelana nama-25% wesilinganiso esinqunyiwe, isibalo esingezansi esingenakwehliswa)
Ibalwa kanjani impesheni?
Isikhathi esibaluleke kunazo zonke sale nqubo efanelekile sesifikile futhi lokho ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi impesheni yangempela ozoyishiya ngesikhathi esifanele lapho uthatha umhlalaphansi. Ngalo mqondo, kuzobaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uthole ukuthi iyini iminyaka yakho efakwe ohlwini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ucele umlando wakho womsebenzi lapho le datha izokhonjiswa khona. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi ukuhlala kwakho kwezempi nakho kuyancintisana njengeminyaka yokusebenza futhi kungakusiza landisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza wempilo yakho yobungcweti. Phakathi konyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili, kuya ngesimo esikhethwe ukuba sezempi. Akumangalisi ukuthi lokhu kuliqiniso lokuthi ingxenye enhle yabakhokhi bentela ayazi ngempela.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okunye okufanele ukubhekele kusuka manje ukuthi impesheni yomhlalaphansi izobalwa ngokususelwa eminyakeni engu-25 edlule yokuhweba. Lokho wukuthi, iminyaka yokuqala yempilo yakho yokusebenza ngeke ikuthinte, njengoba ngakolunye uhlangothi kunengqondo ukuyiqonda. Ngalesi sizathu, okwenzeka kuwe engxenyeni yokugcina yempilo yakho yokusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kulapho kunqunywa inani langempela lempesheni yakho oyinikelayo. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi ukunweba le ngxenye yempilo yakho kungakuzuzisa kuze kufike emithethweni yamanje.
Siyini isisekelo sokulawula?
Ngokuqinisekile uyazibuza ukuthi isisekelo sakho sokulawulwa empeshenini yomhlalaphansi sibalwa kanjani. Yebo, ngo-2022 izisekelo zokunikela zokugcina iminyaka 25 ukubala isisekelo sokulawula sempesheni yomhlalaphansi. Ngoba ngalesi sikhathi kusetshenziswa okwedlula ukuthi ngamanani ayi-2018 iminyaka engama-21. Kepha into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi yisiphi isisekelo sokulawula esizosebenza kuwe ngaleso sikhathi esinqumayo empilweni yakho.
Ngokuthola okulula kusukela manje kuqhubeke, ngeke uze ukhethe kodwa ukwazi ukuthi yini imiphumela yokuhlukanisa inani le- isisekelo ukucaphuna zomsebenzi enyangeni eyandulela usuku lokuqala kokukhubazeka ngenani lezinsuku okushiwo umnikelo ngazo. Lokhu kuguquka kuzoncika kumholo wakho nezinsuku zeminikelo. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi kungenzeka umehluko obalulekile phakathi komunye noma abanye abathathe umhlalaphansi. Akumangalisi ukuthi yingxenye yenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ukubala ngokunemba okuthile.
Iminyaka emingaki ecashuniwe?
Esinye isici okufanele sicaciswe yilokho okumayelana neminyaka ephansi okufanele ube neminikelo futhi ujabulele umholo walezi zici futhi ngaleyo ndlela ungaxhomeki kwimpesheni enikelwayo engalimaza izintshisekelo zakho zezimali eminyakeni yegolide. Ukuze ungangabazi nakancane, inhloso ukuthi ngo-2027 kuzodingeka ukuthi ubhalwe ohlwini Iminyaka engu-37. Okusho ukuthi, inani eliphelele le- Izinyanga ezingama-444 ukuthola impesheni ephelele ehambelana nawe ngokuya ngeminyaka esetshenzisiwe.
Omunye umbuzo ohluke kakhulu ukuthi lowo ophathelene nenombolo encane yeminyaka efakwe kuhlu qoqa u-100% wempesheni. Ngoba kuzohluka kunenani eliphansi leminyaka ukuqoqa impesheni encane. Lena imiqondo emibili okufanele uyihlukanise ngokusobala ukubala impesheni yomhlalaphansi ozoyiqoqa ngalesi sikhathi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuze ungafinyeleli kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamaphutha futhi lokho kungakulimaza kulesi sigaba sokuhlaziya ekuqoqweni kwempesheni. Akumangalisi ukuthi kujwayelekile ukuthi abantu abathathe umhlalaphansi abangaphezu koyedwa babe nezimangaliso ezingaphezu kwesisodwa kulo mzuzu obalulekile ezimpilweni zabo.
Ngingathatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi?
Lesi ngesinye sezici ezifanele kakhulu ongazibuza zona kusuka manje. Ngale ndlela, ezimeni zomhlalaphansi eziphoqelelwe, kungenzeka zenziwe kuze kube yiminyaka emine ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala yomhlalaphansi ngokusemthethweni. Kepha ukuze ufeze le nhloso oyifunayo, akukho okunye ongakwenza ngaphandle kokuthola okungenani iminyaka engama-33 yeminikelo. Yize izocabanga ngochungechunge lwezinhlawulo zonyaka ngamunye noma ikota ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Njengomphumela wale misebenzi yokubalwa kwezimali, uzofika esiphethweni sokuthi ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuzokwenziwa ngaphansi kwempesheni engancintisani kangako. Ukuthi ungafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ekugcineni akukufanele ukufinyelela kulesi sigaba eminyakeni yegolide.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuthi kusukela manje uhlukanise ukubalwa kwempesheni yomphakathi yesikhathi esizayo ibe yizinyathelo ezine ongazisebenzisa. Futhi lokho kubhekisa kokuguqukayo okulandelayo esikudalula ngakho ngezansi:
- Linganisa ubudala lapho singathola khona umhlalaphansi.
- Bala isisekelo sokulawula kusukela kuzisekelo zomnikelo seminyaka yokugcina ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi.
- Faka isicelo se- olungisiwe kuya ngeminyaka esohlwini.
- Faka isicelo se- ukusimama isici (kusukela ngo-2019).
Uzosala malini uma usuthatha umhlalaphansi?
Akungabazeki ukuthi inani lempesheni linqunywa yisisekelo sokulawula futhi ukuyibala kubalulekile ukuthi uthathe izisekelo zeminikelo eminyakeni edlule yeminikelo. Kuzoba ukusebenza okulula kakhulu ngoba kukhonjisiwe kumholo okhokhelwa izinkampani. Kunoma ikuphi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi izinkokhelo ezengeziwe ngeke zibhekwe futhi kuzo zonke izimo zibuyekezwa nge-CPI yayo yonke iminyaka. Yize ukwanda kwalo kukhawulelwe impela ngoba kuyaqabukela kweqa isithiyo esingu-3%.
Okokugcina, kunolunye ulwazi olufanele kakhulu ukuthi amandla okusimama azosebenza kuphela kulabo basebenzi abathatha umhlalaphansi kusukela ngoJanuwari 2019. Okusho ukuthi, uma okwamanje uqoqa impesheni enikelayo, ngeke ikuthinte nakancane. Kepha ngokuphambene kuzoba ngekusasa. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi umehluko omkhulu ungadalwa phakathi komunye noma abanye abathathe umhlalaphansi.