I-FTSE 100 iyinkomba eyakhiwe yizinkampani ezinkulu eziyi-100 (ngezimali zasemakethe) ezibalwe kuLondon Stock Exchange (LSE). Zijwayele ukubizwa ngezinkampani zangaphambili, futhi inkomba ibonwa njengesibonakaliso esihle sokusebenza kwezinkampani ezinkulu ezibalwe e-UK.
Kusho ukuthini i-FTSE? Igama le-FTSE 100 lisuka lapho laliphethwe i-50% yi-Financial Times neLondon Stock Exchange (LSE), ngakho-ke i-FT ne-SE ziba yi-FTSE. Iphinde ibhekise ekwakhiweni kwayo kwezinkampani eziyi-100.
Ezinye izinkomba ze-FTSE. Emakethe yase-UK, ezinye izinkomba ze-UK FTSE zifaka i-FTSE 250 (izinkampani ezinkulu ezingama-250 ezilandelayo ngemuva kwe-FTSE 100) kanye ne-FTSE SmallCap (izinkampani ezincane kunalezo). I-FTSE 100 ne-FTSE 250 ngokuhlangene bakha i-FTSE 350 - engeza i-FTSE SmallCap bese uthola i-FTSE All-Share.
Umlando we-FTSE 100
I-FTSE 100 yethulwe ngoJanuwari 3, 1984 futhi yaba nenani lokuqala le-1.000,00. Kusukela lapho, ukwakheka kwenkomba kushintshe cishe ngaphezu kokuqashelwa, ngokuhlanganiswa, ukutholwa kanye nokunyamalala kwezinkampani, kugcizelela injongo yenkomba yokusebenza njenge-barometer yomsebenzi wemakethe. Ishintshwa njalo ngekota ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyaqhubeka nokukhombisa izinkampani eziyi-100 eziphezulu.
Ibalwa kanjani? Izinga le-FTSE 100 libalwa kusetshenziswa isamba semali esiphelele semakethe yezinkampani eziyenzayo (kanye nenani lenkomba) ukukhiqiza okuwukuphela kwesibalo esicashuniwe.
Ngoba imali esezingeni eliphelele yemakethe ithinteka ngamanani esitoko ngasinye sezinkampani, njengoba amanani entengo eshintsha usuku lonke, ngakho-ke inani lenkomba liyashintsha. Lapho i-FTSE 100 "iphezulu" noma "iphansi," ukushintshaniswa kuthengisa ngokumelene nokuvalwa kosuku lwangaphambilini.
Isibalo osibonayo ezindabeni zakusihlwa inani lokuvala le-FTSE 100 yalolo suku. Eqinisweni, inkomba ibalwa ngokuqhubekayo nsuku zonke zesonto (ngaphandle kwamaholide e-UK), kusukela ngo-8: 00 ekuseni (kuvulwe imakethe) kuya ku-16: 30 ntambama (ukuvalwa kwemakethe).
Ikuthinta kanjani i-FTSE 100
Izinga le-FTSE 100 lithinta abantu abaningi e-UK, noma bengazitshaleli imali ngqo - njengabaphathi besikhwama sempesheni, abatshalizimali babo abangatshalwa ezitokisini zase-UK, ukusebenza kwenkomba kuthinta ngqo inzuzo bazokwamukela.
I-FTSE 100 nayo iyisibonakaliso esihle semicimbi yezomnotho neyamazwe omhlaba - imvamisa izowela ekuphenduleni ezimakethe eziwayo emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngabe izinkampani ezisenkombeni zikalwa kanjani? Usayizi ulinganiswa nosonhlamvukazi bemakethe (noma "onhlamvukazi bemakethe" njengoba imboni ithanda ukukubiza kanjalo), okuyigama elithandekayo lokuthi yini nje engamanani emakethe enkampani.
Kulabo abafuna imininingwane, lokhu kutholakala ngokuphindaphinda intengo yamanje yamasheya enkampani ngenani lamasheya akhishiwe noma "amasheya akhishiwe" (inombolo ethengiswe yabanjwa ngabatshalizimali), ngaphambi kokuphindaphinda le nombolo yinkampani " iflat factor yamahhala "(iflat factor yamahhala ikhombisa inani lamasheya atholakalayo angathengiswa emakethe). Lokhu kubangela inani elibonisa ukuthi inkampani ibiza malini ngokususelwa emakethe.
I-100 ephezulu, kufaka phakathi ezinye izinkampani zamazwe amaningi kanye nezinkampani zaseBrithani, bese zifakwa ku-FTSE 100 futhi zaziwa njengezinkampani ze- "blue chip" (njengasemhlabeni we-poker, lapho "i-blue chip" imele inani eliphakeme kakhulu). Ama-blue chips yizinkampani ezivuthiwe.
Kusho ukuthini uma kukhuphuka noma phansi?
Uzofunda noma uzwe ukuthi "i-FTSE 100 ivule amaphuzu angama-20 ngaphezulu ku-7.301" noma i- "FTSE 100 yehle ngo-1,5% ngosuku." Ukuphawula okunjalo kuvame ukulandelwa kukhulunywa ngesitoko esithile noma imboni ebangele inzuzo noma ukulahleka.
Njengoba intengo yesitoko yenkampani iguquka, kanjalo nemali eyinhloko yemakethe yayo, okusho ukuthi inkomba iyonke izoshintsha ngenani, yehle iye phezulu naphansi njengezintengo zamasheya ezinkampani ezikwenzayo. Ukuhamba okungakanani kuya ngesisindo senkampani enkombeni.
Lapho kubalwa inkomba kusetshenziswa amakepisi emakethe, inkomba "inesisindo semakethe", okusho ukuthi izinkampani eziku-FTSE 100 zikalwa ngokobukhulu bazo. Ngakho-ke, izinguquko entengweni yamasheya eRio Tinto (enye yezinkampani ezinkulu kunazo zonke ku-FTSE 100) zizoba nomthelela omkhulu kunkomba yonke kunenkampani efana neTesco, imali yayo yemakethe (ngakho-ke isisindo enkombeni) incane kakhulu .
Ngakho-ke, uma kunezindaba ezinhle kakhulu mayelana nenkampani ethile esindayo noma imboni (mhlawumbe intengo yensimbi iyakhuphuka ngakho-ke izinkampani zezimayini, kufaka phakathi iRio Tinto, zibona amanani ezabelo zabo enyuka), lokhu kuzoba nomthelela enkombeni yonke. Kungenzeka kakhulu, lolu hlobo lwezindaba luzodudula inkomba uma nje kungekho zindaba ezimbi ezivela kwenye inkampani noma imboni yokuqeda le nzuzo.
Ukucacisa ukuthi kungani ukuphakama noma ukuwa kwe-FTSE kwesinye isikhathi kucashunwe kumaphoyinti, inkomba yakhishwa ekuqaleni ngo-1984 futhi yanikezwa inani lokuqala lokuqhamuka lamaphoyinti ayi-1.000 7.500. Namuhla kunenani elingaphansi kwamaphoyinti angama-100 7,5, okusho ukuthi izinkampani eziphezulu eziyi-35 zikhule cishe ama-XNUMX eminyakeni engama-XNUMX edlule (ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi).
Ngabe konke lokhu kuhlangene ngani nami?
Yebo, uma utshale imali esikhwameni, umphathi wakho angasebenzisa okuthile okufana ne-FTSE njengesethenjwa. Esikhwameni sokungena, umphathi uthenga izinto ezifakwe kuhlu enkombeni futhi uhlose ukukufanela nokusebenza kwaleyo nkomba. Esikhwameni esisebenzayo, umphathi usebenzisa inkomba njengomhlahlandlela walokho okumele akuthenge futhi uhlose ukwedlula leyo nkomba. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukusebenza kwesikhwama sakho uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho obekungakuzuza ukube ubutshalile imali enkombeni.
Ngokwengeziwe, njengomnikazi wesikhwama sempesheni sase-UK, ezinye izimali zakho zempesheni kungenzeka futhi zitshalwe kumasheya ase-UK abhalwe ohlwini lwezinkomba ze-FTSE. Ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwenkomba kuzoba nomthelela ekutshalweni kwakho kwemali, njengoba kuzoba njalo uma utshalwa esitokisini nakuma-share.
I-FTSE 100 nayo ibhekwa njengesibonakaliso esihle sempilo yase-UK kanye nomnotho wamazwe omhlaba (ngoba uhlanganisa izinkampani ezifuywayo nezamazwe omhlaba). Imvamisa ihamba ekuphenduleni imicimbi yezepolitiki noma yezomnotho emhlabeni wonke njengoba abantu bezethemba kakhulu (ngakho-ke bafuna ukutshala imali noma ukwehlukanisa) ngokususelwa ezindabeni ezinjalo. Kunganikeza umbono omuhle wokuthi abatshalizimali bavame ukuzizwa kanjani, noma ngabe banethemba noma banovalo, nakho okungasazisa esakho isinqumo sokuthi utshale imali noma cha, nokuthi uyibekephi noma uyithathe kuphi imali yakho.
Ngakho-ke ngenkathi i-FTSE 100 ingenze inhliziyo yakho igijime icishe ifane nokunakwa ngothando kusuka kolunye uhlangothi lwethebula, ukuqonda inhloso yayo kuzokusiza ukuthi uzulazule ezimakethe zezezimali kangcono kakhulu (okungaphezulu kokwenza ukhiye ophansi). Ngiyabhabha noma kunjalo).
Ngenkathi i-FTSE 100 iyinkomba ethandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi e-UK, kunezinye izinkomba ezithile ezibalulekile. Isibonelo, kukhona ne-FTSE 250 (izinkampani ezinkulu ezingama-250 ezilandelayo, ezijwayele ukuqondiswa kakhulu emakethe yasekhaya kune-FTSE 100) kanye ne-FTSE 350 (okuhlanganisa i-FTSE 100 ne-FTSE 250). Ezinye izinkampani nazo ziqhuba izinkomba zazo, njengeStandard & Poor's, eqhuba i-S & P 500 Index (izinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu ezingama-500 ezibalwe eNew York Stock Exchange).
Noma kunjalo, ama-indices awawona nje uhlu lwezinkampani. Izinsimbi zemali engenayo ezingaguquki (isibonelo, izibopho) zinezinkomba zazo; I-Bloomberg Barclays Global Aggregate Index yisibonelo esisodwa. Lokhu kuqukethe isibalo esikhulu semali engenayo engaguquki okubandakanya uhulumeni kanye namabhondi ezinkampani, avela ezimakethe zombili ezithuthukile nezisafufusa emhlabeni jikelele. Okwamanje, iBloomberg Commodity Index iqukethe uhlu lwezinto ezibandakanya uwoyela, ummbila, igolide, nethusi.
I-FTSE Group (ebizwa ngokungahlelekile 'i-footsie') ukusebenzisana phakathi kweLondon Financial Times neLondon Stock Exchange. I-FTSE efushanisiwe imele i-Financial Times neStock Exchange kanti izinkomba zeqembu zinezinkampani ezinkulu zase-UK ezisohlwini lweLondon Stock Exchange.
I-FTSE 100 yaqala ukwenziwa ngoJanuwari 1984 enezinga eliyisisekelo eliyi-1.000 7.000 futhi selokhu yeqa yafinyelela ezingeni elingaphezu kuka-2018, kusukela ngoMashi 2010. Ngemuva kokululama emazingeni aphansi afinyelelwa ngesikhathi sezinkinga zezikweletu inkosi yaseYurophu ngasekupheleni kuka-2011 nasekuqaleni kuka-6.950 , inkomba ekugcineni yeqa ukuphakama kwesikhathi sonke esedlule kuka-1999 kwafinyelelwa ngoDisemba XNUMX ngesikhathi sokuphakama kwebhola le-inthanethi.
Abatshalizimali abaningi bamazwe aphesheya babheka izinkomba ze-FTSE, kanye ne-FTSE 100 ikakhulukazi, njengesibonisi semakethe yase-UK ngokujwayelekile, ngokufana nendlela abatshalizimali baseMelika ababheka ngayo izinkomba ze-Dow Jones noma ze-S & P 500.
Inkomba ethandwa kakhulu enakekelwa yiqembu le-FTSE yi-FTSE 100, equkethe izinkampani eziyikhulu kakhulu e-UK ezisohlwini lwe-LSE. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-FTSE Group igcina ezinye izinkomba ezisukela ku-FTSE All-Share kuya kwezinkomba ezibizwa ngokuziphatha ezifana nenkomba ye-FTSE100Good Global egxile ekubhekeleni izinkampani.
Izinkomba ezithandwa kakhulu eQenjini le-FTSE zifaka i-FTSE 100, i-FTSE 250, i-FTSE 350, ne-FTSE All-Share. Lawa ma-indices angahlehliselwa ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, ukusebenza okuphansi, kanye nezikhombo ze-IT zangaphambili ezibalwa ekugcineni kosuku. Isibonelo, ama-FTSE Group Ethical Indices, aziwa ngokuhlanganyela njenge-FTSE4Good, alandelela izimakethe zomhlaba wonke, i-Europe, i-UK, i-US kanye nezinye izimakethe.
Ezinye izinkampani ezivame kakhulu ukuhweba ku-FTSE 100 zifaka:
I-BP plc (NYSE: BP)
I-BHP Billiton plc (NYSE: BBL)
I-Randgold Resources Ltd. (i-NASDAQ: GOLD)
I-Rio Tinto plc (NYSE: RIO)
IGlaxoSmithKline plc (NYSE: GSK)
Uhlu oluphelele nolusesikhathini sama-indices nezintengo zalo lungatholakala kuwebhusayithi yeQembu le-FTSE.
Ungayitshala kanjani imali ku-FTSE 100
Kunezindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene zabatshalizimali bamazwe omhlaba zokuziveza ku-FTSE 100 nakwezinye izinkomba zeQela le-FTSE. Izimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshaniswa (ETFs) zinikela ngendlela elula yokuthi abatshalizimali baziveze, kepha awekho ama-FTSE 100 ETF abhalwe ohlwini lokushintshaniswa kwe-U.S. Amaresidi ama-American Depository (ADRs) ayatholakala nakwezinye izingxenye ezithile zalezi zinkomba.
Amanye ama-ETF ajwayelekile e-FTSE Group afaka:
I-iShares FTSE 100 (LSE: ISF)
I-HSBC FTSE 100 ETF (EPA: UKX)
I-DBX FTSE 100 (LSE: XUKX)
I-Lyxor FTSE 100 ETF
I-UBS FTSE 100 ETF
Abatshalizimali kufanele bahlale begcina izindleko zezindleko lapho befaka imali kuma-ETFs aphesheya, njengoba bekwazi ukuthola izinzuzo zesikhathi eside. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukubheka iphothifoliyo eyisisekelo yesikhwama ukubona ubungozi bezimboni noma imikhakha. Isibonelo, i-UK inezinkampani eziningi zezinsizakalo zezezimali eziqhathaniswa namanye amazwe amaningi.
Ngaphezu kwama-ADR amahlanu ashiwo ngenhla, amanye ama-ADR adumile afaka:
IVodafone Group (NASDAQ: VOD)
IBarclays plc (NYSE: BCS)
I-Unilever plc (NYSE: UL)
I-HSBC Holdings (NYSE: HBC)
I-ARM Holdings (NASDAQ: ARMH)
Abatshalizimali kufanele bazi ukuthi ama-ADR kungenzeka angabi njengoketshezi njengenguqulo yamasheya abhalwe kuLondon Stock Exchange. Ngokwengeziwe, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zinkampani kungenzeka zingabikeli kwi-United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), okungenza kube nzima ukwenza ukukhuthala okufanele.
Ezinye izindlela zezinkomba ze-FTSE
Abatshalizimali bamazwe aphesheya abafuna ukuvezwa e-UK banezinye izindlela futhi. Ngaphandle kwama-indices weqembu le-FTSE, kunezinye ama-ETFs amaningi ahlinzeka ngokuvezwa kabanzi esifundeni. Ama-indices ngemuva kwalawa ma-ETF afaka phakathi i-MSCI, i-BLDRS, i-STOXX, ne-HOLDRS phakathi kwabanye, ngayinye enikeza umbono ohlukile ekwabelweni kwephothifoliyo.
Ezinye ze-ETF ezigxile e-UK zifaka:
I-MSCI United Kingdom Index Fund (NYSE: EWU)
I-BLDRS Europe 100 ADR Index Fund (NYSE: ADRU)
I-STOXX European Select Dividend Index Fund (NYSE: FDD)
I-SPDR DJ STOXX 50 ETF (NYSE: FEU)
I-BLDRS 100 ADR Index Yezimakethe Ezithuthukisiwe (NYSE: ADRD)
Abatshalizimali kufanele bazi ukuthi amanye ala ma-ETF anokuchayeka okubanzi kune-UK kuphela. Isibonelo, bangaba nokuchayeka okuphawulekayo ezitokisini zaseYurophu, ezingaletha izingozi ezithile.
Ukuphahlazeka kwemakethe yamasheya ke. Isandulelo esesabekayo saziphi izithembiso ezizoba yisikhathi esiyinhlekelele emnothweni wezwe? Noma ithuba elihle labatshalizimali be-savvy ukuze benze isigidi?
Kokubili kwakho kokubili, ukulunga. Ukulungiswa kwemakethe kukhombisa ukwethuka kwezimali izinkampani eziningi ezizobhekana nazo esikhathini esifushane. Iphinde inikeze abafisa isitokwe ithuba lokuba bandise inzuzo ekutshalweni kwabo.
Ukhiye wokwenza ingcebo ukuthenga amasheya, hhayi ngombono wokuthi bazokwenza kanjani ngesonto elizayo, ngenyanga ezayo, noma ngonyaka ozayo. Abatshalizimali abakhaliphile bathenga izinkampani ezingachuma eminyakeni eyi-10 (noma ngaphezulu). Futhi kukhona ithani lezitoko ezinkulu ze-FTSE 100 ezinjengalezi ezikhutshwe phakathi kokuphahlazeka okubanzi kwemakethe. Lokhu kunikeza abatshalizimali abanamehlo abukhali ngamathuba okubamba ishibhile noma amabili.
Usozigidi?
I-Persimmon (i-LSE: i-PSN) ingesinye sezitoko ezishibhile zamanani kaFirstsie engicabanga ukuthi angaba usozigidi eminyakeni ezayo. Izintengo zamasheya zabakhi bezindlu sehle ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula njengoba izimo zomnotho eziya ziba zimbi, kuhambisana nokukhumbula inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo ebolekwa ngababolekisi, kubhebhethekise ukukhathazeka ngokuwa kwezindlu okungenzeka.
Ukulandela ubuthakathaka bamanani wakamuva, i-persimmon idayisa isilinganiso senani lentengo / iholo (P / E) cishe izikhathi eziyi-12. Kungukufunda okuphakamisa ukuthi ibhizinisi liyisivumelwano, lapho-ke. Nginentshisekelo kakhudlwana kwisivuno sezabelo esingu-5% esithathwa yinkampani ye-FTSE 100 yango-2020. Imbuyiselo emikhulu enjengale ingaba usizo olukhulu ekusizeni izigidigidi ezingaba namandla ukufeza izinhloso zazo zokutshala imali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-FTSE Group igcina ezinye izinkomba ezisukela ku-FTSE All-Share kuya kwezinkomba ezibizwa ngokuziphatha ezifana nenkomba ye-FTSE4Good Global egxile ekubhekeleni izinkampani. Okwamanje, iBloomberg Commodity Index iqukethe uhlu lwezinto ezibandakanya uwoyela, ummbila, igolide, nethusi.