La Isibopho Esisizayo, isebenza njengokukhishwa futhi ekugcineni kube yizinsalela uma inkampani ingakhokhi.
Uma, lapho kudingeka lesi sikweletu, inkampani, njengokweletayo enkulu, ingahambisani nezibopho zayo zokukhokha, lapho-ke ingahle ifune isidingo sokukhokha ku abaphathi abasizayo abahlotshaniswa nenkampani.
Lokhu kuzokwenziwa inqobo nje uma okweletwayo ekhombisa ukuthi umsebenzi wokukhokha onenkampani njengomkweletu omkhulu wehlulekile emizameni eminingi, nokuthi awukwazanga ngempela ukuxazulula inkinga noma ukufeza isibopho sayo esihambisanayo.
Yini ebonakalisa isikweletu esimelene kakhulu?
Kubonakala ngokuyisisekelo ngokuba munye lapho kungafunwa khona isikweletu senkampani, ku abakweletwayo abasizayo, kuphela esimweni lapho kwenziwe khona umzamo wokuqoqa isikweletu, ngaphandle kwempumelelo emizameni.
Yilapho okweletwayo osizayo kumele aphendule, esimweni kuphela lapho okweletwayo omkhulu, okungukuthi, inkampani iyonke, engakwazanga ukuphendula ngokwezomnotho enkingeni eyethulwe yinkampani.
Kungakho-ke, uma inkampani ikukweleta inani elithile lemali, kufanele uzame ukuqoqa kubo kaningana, ubheke ukuthi umphakathi awuphendulanga yini, kungaleso sikhathi lapho kuzodingeka ubhekane nalobu bufakazi futhi ukwazi ukuqala funa isikweletu esimelene kakhulu lawo anamalungu omphakathi anezikweletu ezitholwe yinkampani.
Inkokhelo engaphansi, njengoba yasungulwa nguMthetho 58/2003, iGeneral Tax, kuwumthwalo owela kumuntu lapho kwephulwa isivumelwano ngumuntu wesithathu kusoseshini.
Isibonelo Sesikweletu Esisizayo
Isibonelo, inkampani ingumphathi osizayo lapho usonkontileka oqondile wabasebenzi, engahambisani nezibopho zabasebenzi nezokuphepha komphakathi nabasebenzi babo.
Lona umthwalo osizayo iwela kumuntu owenza iphutha ekukhokhweni kwesikweletu ngumuntu wesithathu. Kule ndawo, ngenxa yokuthi isikweletu asikwazi ukufunwa ngumnikazi ofanayo, i- izibopho zokukhokha kulabo abaqokelwe inkontileka noma, uma behluleka lokho, umthetho ohambelana nabo unquma njengabaqinisekisi besikweletu.
Isibonelo:
Ukucacisa kabanzi, lokhu akusho lokho isikweletu sidlulela ezandleni zomuntu wesithathu, ngoba kungumuntu oyinhloko ophethe kuphela ongacelwa ukuthi akhokhe, kepha uma lo msebenzi ubekiwe esivumelwaneni, kuzofanele ulandelwe ngokomthetho, ukucacisa leli phuzu ngokuqhubekayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isibopho sabalingani ngaphakathi kweqembu noma inhlangano es:
- Personal
- Ubumbano
- Akunamkhawulo
- Insizakalo
Isigaba 127 C. de C. kufingqa lokho Bonke ozakwethu abayingxenye yobambiswano ngokuhlanganyela banesibopho uqobo futhi ngokuhlanganyela, nazo zonke izimpahla abanazo, ekusebenzeni okulandelanayo okwenziwa egameni nasenhlanganweni, ngaphansi kwesiginesha yayo, lapho kuzodingeka uphendulele bonke uma uhlobene, ngoba kokubili ukuzuza nokulahlekelwa kwabelwana ngakho.
Futhi, i ubuciko. 237 C. de C. kuyakufakazela lokho impahla noma izinto zomuntu siqu zabalingani jikelele ezingafakwanga kuzimpahla zenhlangano ngenkathi isungulwa, azikwazi ukuthengiswa ukuze kukhokhwe izibopho noma izikweletu ezitholwe yinkampani, kodwa ngemuva kokwenza ukuthengiswa okuphelele kwezimpahla zenkampani.
La umthwalo wabo bonke abalingani Kubandakanya lokho okusungulwe kwizivumelwano, lezo zezenzo ezingekho emthethweni kanye nesibopho somthetho.
Isizathu sezomnotho
Ozakwethu be-SL ne-SA bathola isikweletu esilinganiselwe ngesikhathi sokuletha kuhulumeni omkhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ukubambisana okuhlanganyelwe akukhonjelwe kumbuso ofanayoNgakho-ke, abantu besithathu bashiywa bengavikelekile uma kuba nezinkinga zezezimali, ikakhulukazi lezo ngenxa yesikweletu esingenalo ithuba lokukhetha ababakweletayo.
Ngakho-ke, umphakathi ohlangene uhlinzeka ngombuso oguquguqukayo futhi osebenza kahle kakhulu, ngasikhathi sinye osungula i- isikweletu esingenamkhawulo samalungu aso.
Isibopho somuntu siqu
Ozakwethu abayona ingxenye yobudlelwano bezinkontileka inkampani noma inkampani enabo nabantu besithathu, ngakho-ke i- isikweletu se-vicarious asitholi ebudlelwaneni obunjalo.
Eqinisweni, kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho ngokuphelele, umthetho usungula isibopho esihlose ukuvikela abantu besithathu abangathinteka. Ngakho-ke, kusungulwa umbuso ophoqelelwe.
Isibopho sabalingani siphakeme kunaleso senkampani uqobo, ngendlela yokuthi inokufana okuthile nesiqiniseko. Isizathu sokuthi kungani, singasetshenziswa mutatis mutandis, kanye nemiyalo ethile ye-Civil Code yaseSpain, leyo ephathelene nesiqiniseko, ikakhulukazi leyo ebhekana nezehlakalo.
Ukuqeda, isibopho somuntu siqu somngane, kukhuphuka kuphela kunxephezelwa ngomonakalo futhi akuphoqeleli owokugcina ukuthi athobele inkontileka ethile phakathi kwenkampani neqembu lesithathu.
Isibopho esihlanganyelwe
Isibopho sabalingani enkampanini sihlangene futhi sikhulu, evumela okweletwayo ukuthi asebenzise mahhala i- ius ukhetho, okungukuthi, ungafaka isicelo noma yimuphi umlingani ozikhethele yena okhokha sonke isikweletu futhi i ius variandi, okusho ukuthi umlingani othi isikweletu angashintsha ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
I- umbuso wokubumbana we-Civil Code. Into ephawuleka kakhulu ngalomthwalo wemfanelo ukuthi ubumbano luphawuleka ngokuzuza ubudlelwano bangaphandle, kepha hhayi ngaso sonke isikhathi kubhekwe ubudlelwano bangaphakathi, phakathi abalingani abakweletanayo ngokuhlanganyela.
Owokuqala, umlingani unethuba lokufuna ukubuyiselwa kwemali yalokho akukhokhile njengokufanelekile ngokuhlanganyela nangokweqile kokweletwayo, ngoba izibopho nezikweletu kungezenkampani, okungukuthi, kubo bonke abahlanganyeli bayo engxenyeni yabo elingana.
Kuyinto a uhlobo lwesikweletu sesikhashana futhi engabhekelwa yinoma yisiphi isikhungo, kunalokho kuyisinqumo lapho abalingani bekhululekile khona ukukhetha umbuso wangaphakathi okuzokwabiwa ngawo ubukhulu bezibopho zomnotho.
Isikweletu esingenamkhawulo
Ku Isigaba 127 se-Civil Code kuyasungulwa lokho ozakwethu baphendula ngayo yonke impahla yabo, yamanje neyesikhathi esizayo. Kwenzeka ngenye indlela ezimweni lapho abalingani be-SL noma be-SA, ngoba lapha umthwalo awukhawulelwe kulokho okunikelwe njengevelu yemali.
Isibopho esingaphansi
Ku Isigaba 237 Kuyasungulwa ukuthi ababolekisi benkampani bangabhekiswa kozakwethu esimweni esisodwa lapho benze izaba ezivela kumafa omphakathi, ngamanye amazwi, kulapho inkampani ingenayo i-solvency yokukhokha isikweletu esenziwe.
Lo mbhalo unikeza abalingani inzuzo eyingqayizivele yokuvakasha kwe-analog ukuthi uzokwazi ukusebenzisa i-guarantor ezenzakalelayo.
Kulesi simo, okweletwayo angamangalela bobabili abathintekayo, ethembele kunzuzo ye-excusión esigabeni sokubulawa. Uzakwethu angavikela ukuthathwa kwezimpahla zakhe ngokukhombisa okweletwayo lezo zimpahla inkampani engumnikazi wazo, ngakho-ke okweletwayo kufanele aqale athathe lezi zinto ukukhokha isikweletu futhi uma lezi zinganele, kungaba njalo ukuthi izimpahla zomuntu uqobo ophathina, ukufanisa noma ukuvinjelwa.
Lolu hlelo lwakhiwe nge inhloso yokukhuthaza umlingani, okusobala ukuthi inemininingwane eminingi kunomboleki maqondana nempahla yenkampani engakhokha isikweletu sayo, ukusebenzisana nokusheshisa yonke inqubo ukuze okweletwayo athole inkokhelo ngokushesha okukhulu, esikhundleni sokuphoqa okweletwayo noma ummeli wakho ukubheka izimpahla ezibhaliswe yinkampani, kuchitha isikhathi esiningi, imali nomzamo.
Imiphumela yoshintsho kozakwethu
El umlingani ongenayo, uma sikhuluma ngenkampani esivele yenziwe ngokusemthethweni, kunguzakwethu ojoyina inhlangano futhi ngokushesha uthola imithwalo yemfanelo ezicini ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi izikweletu ezazikhona ngesikhathi sokujoyina inkampani futhi kusobala ukuthi izikweletu zesikhathi esizayo.
El umlingani ophumayo, okungukuthi, lowo oshiye inkampani esebenzayo, kufanele aphendule ngengxenye yesikweletu sakhe esilinganayo kusukela ekuhambeni kwakhe, ngoba i-athikili 1205 ye-Civil Code ibeka ukuthi imvume ephelele yalowo obolekayo iyadingeka ukufeza umsindo odingekayo ukukhulula umlingani ezikweletini zesikhathi esizayo ngenxa yesikweletu.