Amafutha omnqumo yigolide laseMedithera, kuyingxenye yokudla kwethu kwansuku zonke, futhi asikhulelwa noma yisiphi isidlo ngaphandle kwamafutha omnqumo. Ungacabanga ngesinkwa se-tumaca ngaphandle kwamafutha omnqumo? Akekho wena noma omunye umuntu.

Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo akusasetshenziswa kuphela echibini laseMedithera, nabazalwane base-Italiya, abangamaGrikhi nabaseFrance, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo kancane kancane sekuyinto yonke, futhi amazwe lapho kungeyona ingxenye yokudla kwawo, sekuvele kuyingxenye yawo.

Ngokusobala, lapho ifayela lakho le- ukusetshenziswa kuyanda, futhi kwandisa isidingo sokukhiqiza uwoyela womnqumo 'in situ', ukugwema ukungenisa inani elikhulu lamafutha omnqumo, ngokwesibonelo, e-Italy, okuthekelisa kakhulu amafutha omnqumo emhlabeni.

Ukusetshenziswa kuye kwanda ngenxa yokushintsha kokudla kwezigidi zabantu, abafuna ukudla okunempilo, kanye ne- Amafutha omnqumo ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo, ngokungafani nesundu, ukhukhunathi noma uwoyela ocwengisisiwe, osetshenziswa emazweni amaningi omhlaba.

Lokhu kusiholela embuzweni:

Yimuphi umkhiqizi wamafutha omnqumo omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni?

Kunzima ukusho, ngoba njengakho konke okunye, kunamazwe aholayo ahlukene emikhakheni ehlukene, futhi kuhle ukwazi i-panorama yalabo abakhiqiza, bathumele futhi badle kakhulu.

Lo mbhalo ungukuhlaziya ukuthola umkhiqizi omkhulu wamafutha omnqumo emhlabeni.

Ngakho-ke unombono wamaphesenti: phakathi kuka-2015 kuze kube manje kulo nyaka, cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-2.6 kawoyela womnqumo asevele esetshenzisiwe emhlabeni.

1.- eSpain

Kungakumangazi ukuthi iSpain ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wamafutha omnqumo emhlabeni. Kukhiqizwa u-45% wamafutha omnqumo asetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke; inani elihlaba umxhwele.

Indawo esetshenziswayo ingamahektare ayizigidi ezinhlanu eminqumo.

Inkinga ngeSpain ukuthi iningi layo lithunyelwa e-Italy, izwe eliyiphathayo, futhi liyithumela kwelinye izwe ngekhwalithi ephezulu kunowoyela waseSpain. I-Italy yona iphinde iyithumele emazweni omhlaba.

Yize kunenqwaba yamafutha omnqumo akhiqizwa yizwe lethu, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngama-20% kuphela amafutha ka-virgin angaphezulu.

Ngaleso sizathu, iSpain inesihloko sezwe elikhiqiza uwoyela omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, kepha hhayi elihamba phambili.

U-77% wamafutha omnqumo akhiqizwa yiSpain avela e-AndalusiaNgaphandle kokukhiqizwa okukhulu, iSpain ithumela uwoyela omningi kakhulu.

I-2.- Italy

I-Italy ikhiqiza u-25% wamafutha omnqumo okudliwayo emhlabeni, futhi ngokungafani neSpain, inedumela noma isihloko, sokukhiqiza uwoyela womnqumo ongcono kakhulu emhlabeni.

Isici esiyinhloko samafutha omnqumo ase-Italiya ukuthi inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo nezitayela, ngokwesibonelo, izwe lethu elingenazo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi I-Italy ine-gastronomy yayo, izinhlobo ezi-700 ezahlukahlukene zamafutha omnqumo.

Yize i-Italy ikhiqiza uwoyela omnqumo ongangesilinganiso esiphakathi neSpain, ingumthengisi omkhulukazi womnqumo emhlabeni, ngoba ingenisa uwoyela omningi ovela kwamanye amazwe anjengeSpain, ikakhulukazi, neGrisi, futhi ibaphatha ukubanikeza okuhlukile ezihlukahlukene, bese uzithumela kwelinye izwe.

Lokho kwenza i-Italy ibe ngumngenisi omkhulu kunabo bonke ezweni, futhi kawoyela womnqumo, emhlabeni.

I-3.— Greece

Isikhundla esiyinhloko kungenzeka singakumangazi, kepha ama-nuances enza ahluke. IGrisi ikhiqiza cishe u-20% wamafutha omnqumo lokho kudliwa emhlabeni, kuncintisana kakhulu ne-Italy.

Njengomphumela wesimo esinzima sezomnotho nezepolitiki esihlasela izwe, abantu abaningi bathole ukuthi uwoyela womnqumo waseGrisi ukhethekile, ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili:

1. U-70% wamafutha omnqumo akhiqizwa iGrisi ngamafutha awengeziwe, adlula noma yiliphi izwe elikhiqiza uwoyela emhlabeni
2. IGrisi yizwe elisebenzisa uwoyela omnqumo kakhulu emhlabeni, ngenxa yokudla kwalo namasiko ezinkulungwane

Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kugxile kumahektare ayizigidi ezintathu, nezinkampani ezicishe zibe ngu-3000 100 ezinikele ekukhiqizeni uwoyela womnqumo, zikhiqiza izinhlobo eziyi-XNUMX ezahlukahlukene zegolide laseMedithera.

Amafutha omnqumo ashiwo nguHomer: ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuyinganekwane.

4.- iTurkey

I-Turkey elinye izwe elinayo isiko lezinkulungwane ekusetshenzisweni nasekukhiqizeni uwoyela womnqumo. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kugxile endaweni ezungeze uLwandle i-Aegean.

Ukuma kwayo okuhlelekile phakathi kweYurophu, i-Asia ne-Afrika kuyivumele yakha imakethe yokuxhumana phakathi kwamazwe akumazwekazi amathathu, nokuyenza ibe ngomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu kakhulu bomnqumo emhlabeni.

Inani lezihlahla zomnqumo eTurkey lilinganiselwa ukuthi liphindwe kathathu kunenani lalo lonke inani labantu. Ngokuya ngeBhange Lomhlaba, ngo-2013, lingabantu abayizigidi ezingama-74,9. Kunemithi yeminqumo engaba yizigidi ezingama-250 kulo lonke elaseTurkey.

Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze- amafutha omnqumo eTurkey, kodwa okwaziswa kakhulu, yilokho okukhiqizwa endaweni yase-Ayvalik, ogwini loLwandle i-Aegean; ukunambitheka kwayo kufana kakhulu namafutha omnqumo akhiqizwa eTuscany yase-Italy.

5. - iTunisia

I-Tunisia, naphezu kwesijeziso esitholile kusuka ebuphekula, inikezwe yona daesh nangaphambilini, ngenxa 'yentwasahlobo yama-Arabhu', iyaqhubeka nokukhula futhi iyaqhubeka nokunikeza inothi.

Abanye bamnika indawo yesine, futhi isimo sakhe siyinto ethize. Asibone.

ETunisia, uwoyela womnqumo umele ama-40% wokuthunyelwa kwezolimo ezweni lonke, futhi sithumela iningi kakhulu emazweni afana ne-United States, futhi naphezu kwakho konke, e-Italy naseSpain.

Eqinisweni, ngo-2015, kwaba umholi womhlaba ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe kwamafutha omnqumo, edlula i-Italy neSpain. Lawa mazwe athola isivuno esibi kakhulu eminyakeni ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi nokutheleleka.

Inkinga ukuthi iSpain ne-Italy bangenisa kwamanye amazwe, kodwa uwoyela womnqumo wawufaka ebhodleleni njengowabo kanti iTunisia ayizange ibhekwe njengomkhiqizi kawoyela lowo, into eyenzeka eSpain ngoyela eliwuthumela e-Italy.

Ngalowo nyaka, uwoyela owathunyelwa eSpain waphindeka kabili, futhi owathunyelwa e-Italy waphindeka kathathu.

Ngakho-ke, sekuqale ngaphakathi I-Tunisia umkhankaso wokubhodlela uwoyela ezweni lakho, nokuthi banelebuli ethi 'Made in Tunisia' (Yenziwe eTunisia).

6.- IPortugal

Izwe lethu elingumakhelwane libuye libe ngomunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu bakawoyela womnqumo, futhi yize kube yisisulu sokunganakwa, liyalulama kancane kancane. Kanye neTurkey neGrisi, amafutha omnqumo ePortugal asendulo: Ukwenziwa kwayo kusuka ezikhathini zoMbuso WaseRoma, ukungena kwama-Arabhu nezikhathi zanamuhla. Ngaphezu kwama-50% womkhiqizo wayo ngamafutha omnqumo ayizintombi asezingeni eliphakeme.

7.- iSyria

ISyria ibhekene nesikhathi esibi, impi yombango ezinhlangothini ezine noma ezinhlanu ijezise izwe, okukholelwa kulo ukuthi, uwoyela womnqumo wazalwa. Kungase kungabi inganekwane, kahle Izinhlobo zokuqala zomuthi womnqumo, zitholakale eSyria, ngezakudala zeminyaka eyizi-6.000, isakazeka kulo lonke elaseSiriya ize ifinyelele echibini laseMedithera. Kuze kube isikhathi lapho impi iqala khona, iSyria yayikhiqiza amathani ayi-165.000 kawoyela womnqumo ngonyaka. Sethemba ukuthi yonke into ibuyela kokujwayelekile lapho ngokushesha okukhulu.

Amazwe akhiqiza uwoyela womnqumo omuhle kakhulu emhlabeni

Sikubonile lokho yize ISpain yizwe elikhiqiza kakhuluAkuyona leyo ethumela kakhulu ngaphandle, noma leyo eyenza uwoyela omsulwa kunayo yonke emhlabeni. Manje, ukuthola ukuthi imuphi uwoyela omuhle kunayo yonke emhlabeni, kube nemincintiswano, futhi okwakamuva kakhulu futhi okuhlobene kwakusekuqaleni kwalo nyaka eNew York, lapho ikhwalithi yeminqumo, isikhathi sokuvuna, uma lapho bazibiza khona, izinga lobumsulwa, njll.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi iwayini eliphambili likuphi, sizama nokuthola ukuthi uphi uwoyela omuhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Lesi yisikhundla salowo mncintiswano:

I-5.- United States

AbaseSpain baletha izihlahla zomnqumo endaweni eyayiyiNew Spain ngaleso sikhathi, manje eyiMexico, lapho benza ikoloni iMelika. Insimu yaseningizimu ye-United States, ikakhulukazi iCalifornia, ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wamafutha omnqumo kulelo zwe, okwakuyinsimu yaseMexico.

I-4.— Greece

Yizwe lapho sonke sihlangana namafutha omnqumo, ngenxa yamanoveli kaHomer kanye nezinganekwane zamaGrikhi, futhi-ke, ngoba iyingxenye ye-gastronomy yayo, abafowethu baseMedithera, phela.

Kuma-oyili ayi-168 omnqumo, ayi-19 abenendondo yegolide, nesiliva eli-16.

3.- IPortugal

Emncintiswaneni, omakhelwane basePutukezi bathole izindondo zegolide eziyi-15 nezindondo eziyisithupha zesiliva, kanti izinhlobo eziyi-6 zezinhlobo zabo zikawoyela ziphakathi kukawoyela ohamba phambili wonyaka wezi-12 yizinhlangano ezahlukahlukene ezikhethekile.

I-2.- Italy

I-Italy, kanye neSpain, iTurkey neGrisi banesiko elide lokwenziwa nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha omnqumo. Amafutha ase-Italy, angama-99 esewonke, athole imiklomelo engama-43. Ezingu-9 zazo ezinelebuli 'ehamba phambili', kanti ezinye, zonke, izindondo zegolide.

1.- eSpain

Yebo, izwe lethu futhi linamafutha amahle kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi Amabhodlela ayi-136 aye emncintiswaneni, angama-73 aklonyeliswa: amalebuli ama-3 'ahamba phambili', izindondo zegolide ezingama-53 nesiliva eli-17, okusho ukuthi, u-oyela waseSpain ongu-54% waklonyeliswa.

Futhi uwoyela womnqumo waseSpain wawina lo mncintiswano.