IKhomishani Kazwelonke Yezimakethe Nezokuncintisana (i-CNMC) isanda kushicilela amasekhula amasha ayisikhombisa asazolungiswa azocacisa uhlaka oluzinzile lokulawula lomholo kagesi kanye negesi eminyakeni ezayo, ngemuva kokunikezwa kwamandla we-RDL 1/2019. Lezi zinkombandlela ezintsha zisho ukuthi a ukulungiswa okujwayelekile konyaka kumanethiwekhi wezigidi eziyi-1.080 esikhathini esilandelayo sokulawula. Kepha empeleni kube ukubuyela emuva okukhulu ezinkampanini ezihlanganisiwe emkhakheni wezamandla wezimali zaseSpain.
Lapho isitobhi esibi kunazo zonke ngokungangabazeki kube yi-Enagás, okuthe ngezikhathi ezintathu zokuhweba kwawa ngama-20% ngaphezu kwezintengo zayo zokuqala. Kusukile ekuhwebeni emazingeni we Ama-euro angama-24 ngesabelo ngasinye ukuma kuma-euro angama-18, ezingeni eliphansi kunawo wonke kule minyaka emihlanu edlule. Lapho ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule ngangisesimweni esingenakunqotshwa njengokukhuphuka mahhala, ngaphandle kokumelana nakho. Ushintsho olubambe ijubane labatshalizimali abaningi abancane nabaphakathi.
I-Enagás bekungeyona ukuphela kwenkampani efakwe kuhlu ebhekene nalesi simo okuncane kakhulu okufunwa ngabatshalizimali. Uhudule i-Naturgy eyehlise cishe i-11% futhi kumazinga afanayo neRed Eléctrica Española. Ngenkathi, ngokuphambene nalokho, labo abahambe kangcono emkhakheni wezamandla kube yi-Endesa ne-Iberdrola, eshiye u-5% no-3%, ngokulandelana, kulesi sikhathi. Ukubeka ukungabaza, noma ngabe ikuphi, ukuthambekela kwayo ekukhuphukeni ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula futhi lokho kwehla ngokwengeziwe ekucushweni kwamanani ayo akunqatshiwe kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Ukuwa emkhakheni wezamandla
Zimbalwa izikhathi i- Izinsiza beziziphathe ngale ndlela engazelelwe ezimakethe zokulingana zikazwelonke. Izimbangela kungenxa yemihlahlandlela emisha yokulawulwa kwentengo kagesi negesi. Futhi ukuthi emkhakheni wesibili wemikhakha bekufuneka kakhulu ukwedlula izibikezelo ebezikhona. Lokhu kukhiqize ukusabela okunamandla kakhulu kusuka ezimakethe zezimali. Ngengcindezi yokuthengisa ebekwe kumthengi efana nokungajwayelekile ukubonwa emkhakheni kagesi namandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalamuli bezezimali behlise masinyane intengo ebhekiswe ku-Enagás, esuke isuka kuma-euro angama-25 ngesabelo ngasinye yaya kumazinga angama-euro ayi-17. Lokho kusho ukuthi, umehluko okufanele uhlukaniswe njengolinganiselwa kakhulu futhi obonisa ukushaya okunamandla kakhulu ezithakazelweni zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abathathe izikhundla zenani. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ukulahlekelwa yimali ezikhundleni ezivulekile ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule. Ngemuva kokuthi amasheya abe ngaphezulu kancane kwama-euro angama-25.
I-Naturgy enye yalabo abathintekile
Lo mphumela uphambene nezintshisekelo zenye inkampani yegesi efana ne-Naturgy. Ngezikhathi ezintathu emakethe yamasheya kwehle cishe ngo-10%, ukuba yinkampani kagesi eye yaba nokuziphatha okubi kakhulu kunakho konke. Ngemuva kokuthi ibibukeka kahle kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe futhi lokho sekuholele ekutheni ikhuphuke ezikhundleni ekucushweni kwamanani ayo. Ngaphandle kolunye uchungechunge lokucatshangelwa kohlobo lobuchwepheshe futhi mhlawumbe futhi kusukela ekubukeni kwezisekelo zalo.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi ukubukeka kwayo kwezobuchwepheshe kuye konakala ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi kungcono ukulinda ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo mayelana nokuthi wenzeni ngezenzo zakho. Noma yiliphi isu lokutshala imali njengamanje lifaka izingozi ezinkulu, okumele silinde kuzo izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthola ukuthi sizokwenzenjani ngezikhundla ezivulekile kulokhu kuphepha, okuhlanganiswe enkombeni ekhethiwe yezimali zikazwelonke, i-Ibex 35 Lapho, okwamanje, wena kufanele ulinde ukuthengisa amasheya akho ngoba ungenza iphutha elikhulu ohlangothini lwabatshalizimali.
I-Endesa ne-Iberdrola: izindawo ezinhle kakhulu
U-Endesa no-Iberdrola, bona, abathintwanga kakhulu ezimakethe zezimali. Ukwehla kwayo kuncane ukudlula amazinga we-3 %, kepha noma kunjalo ingcindezi yokuthengisa ibinamandla kakhulu kulezi zinsuku. Ngokunciphisa ukuthi angamanani amabili we-Ibex 35 abesezimweni ezinhle kakhulu. Lokho ukusho, esimweni sokukhuphuka kwamahhala futhi ngaphandle kokuphikiswa ngaphambili futhi lokho kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukucabanga ukuthi womabili amanani angafinyelela emazingeni aphezulu. Ukusuka lapho izikhundla zingavalwa khona ukujabulela izinzuzo zemali esezenziwe izinyanga eziyishumi nambili. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, okuholela ekukhuphukeni kwe-Ibex 35.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukuthi la manani amabili akuzange kuthinteke kangako ngohlaka lokulawula umholo ozinzile kagesi negesi eminyakeni ezayo. Ngakho-ke banokuzivikela okuningi ukugwema ukwehla kodlame kwabaqhudelana nabo kunkomba ekhethiwe yama-equities. Yize okwamanje sebeseduze kancane nokuphakama kwabo kwesikhathi sonke kunamasonto ambalwa edlule. Ngeke kube khona okunye ukukhetha ngaphandle kokulinda, ulinde futhi ulinde ukuveza ukuthi kungcono yini ukuqhubeka ezikhundleni zabo noma uma, ngokuphambene nalokho, isilinganiso esihle kunazo zonke esingathathwa ukulahla izenzo zabo ezinsukwini ezizayo.
Yini engenziwa ngama-electrics?
Lo mkhakha wezokulingana awuqalanga ingxenye yesithathu yonyaka ngonyawo lwesokudla. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi kunjalo ingxenye yebhizinisi ishaye kakhulu futhi lokho kube isimanga esikhulu ezithakazelweni zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngaphandle kokuthi bayaqhubeka nokuba semazingeni amahle selokhu kuqale unyaka, ngokubuyekezwa kusondele kuma-20%. Futhi lesi kungaba yisizathu esihle sokuvala izikhundla bese uya kwamanye amasheya emakethe yamasheya aseSpain. Akumangalisi ukuthi umjikelezo wabo we-bullish kungenzeka uphelile futhi abasaziphathi kahle njengoba kade benza ezinyangeni ezedlule.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi lezi zimali ezimbili zaseSpain zinikeza isivuno esikhangayo kakhulu. Ngenzalo engaguquguquki futhi eqinisekisiwe ezungeze u-6%, enye yezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe-Ibex 35 futhi ebenze bazamukela kakhulu izinqumo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngaphandle kokunye okwehlukile okungahle kube nesimo sokukalwa kwayo ezimakethe zezezimali. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi kusukela manje kufanele ube uqaphe kakhulu ngalawa magugu amabili emakethe yamasheya yaseSpain. Into ebesingayikholelwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule.
Okwamanje ukuba nephothifoliyo
Maqondana nala magugu emkhakheni kagesi, okuyisinyathelo esingcono kakhulu ukuba nawo kwiphothifoliyo. Kepha uma kunamaconsi amasha ngeke sibe khona esinye isixazululo ngaphandle kokuqeda izikhundla zabo. Kuzoba nethuba lokuthi thenga amasheya akho ngentengo eqinile futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuncintisana, ngamandla wokubuyekeza aphezulu kunangezinye izikhathi. Ngakho-ke, igazi eliningi elibandayo ezinqumweni okufanele sizenze kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Lapho kuzodingeka khona ukunikeza ivoti lokuzethemba ezinkampanini ezimbili ebezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezinyangeni ezedlule.
Kulesi simo, abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi iphrofayli evikela ngokwengeziwe bangaqhubeka nezikhundla zabo ezivulekile. Enye into ehluke kakhulu yilokho okwenzeka ngabathengisi abanemigomo emifushane yokusebenza okungavala izikhundla zokuya kweminye imikhakha yezimali zikazwelonke. Ngenhloso yokwenza ukonga kwakho kube nenzuzo ngeziqinisekiso ezinkulu zempumelelo. Ngaphambi kokuba izinkinga umkhakha odlula kuzo kuleli hlobo zingakhula. Konke lokhu ngendlela engalindelekile kubatshalizimali.
Isidingo segesi sikhula ngo-6%
Isidingo segesi yemvelo eSpain savala isigamu sokuqala sonyaka ngokukhula cishe kwe-9% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo sonyaka odlule, safinyelela ku-195 TWh. Lesi yisibalo esiphakeme kakhulu kusukela ngo-2010 engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka. Ukwanda kukhuthazwe kakhulu yi ukulethwa okuthe xaxa kwegesi ukukhiqiza ugesi nangokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezimboni.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufunwa kwezimboni, okumelele amaphesenti angama-56 okuphelele kwegesi yemvelo, kukhule ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala zonyaka ngama-4% uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ku-2018, sifinyelela ku-110 TWh. Lesi yisibalo esiphezulu kunazo zonke engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka selokhu kunamarekhodi angahlukanisiwe okusetshenziswa kwezimboni. Isidingo sikhule cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha yezimboni, ikakhulukazi ezinsizakalweni nasephepheni. Ukwanda kukhuthazwe kakhulu yi ukulethwa okuthe xaxa kwegesi ukukhiqiza ugesi nangokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwezimboni.