Izimali ezingenayo ezihleliwe ezitholwe ngenyanga ukubhaliswa okuhle kwenetha ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-270 euimifula, yonke ibigxile emalini engenayo yesikhathi eside, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva enikezwe yi-Association of Collective Investment Institutions and Pension Funds (Inverco). Lapho kucaca khona ukuthi ku-2019 iyonke, imali engenayo engaguquki isivele iqoqa cishe ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-2.500 okungena okuphelele.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimali zokulingana zamazwe omhlaba iguqule ukuthambekela kwezinyanga zakamuva futhi babona ukugeleza okuhle, okusizwa ngokuziphatha kwezimakethe. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokubuya kwabo okuhle, bathola ukukhokhelwa okuphelele kwama-euro angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-1.800 ngonyaka wonke. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izimali zokubuyisa eziphelele kanye nalabo abaphethe ngokungenzi lutho bakugcinile ukukhokhelwa kwengxenye yokuqala yonyaka, baqoqa cishe imali eyizigidi ezingama-2.100 ekhokhelwe eyokuqala neyama-605 kweyesibili.
Ngokwesimo esijwayelekile, lapho izimali zokutshala imali, ezisekelwa ukusebenza kahle kwemakethe ngenyanga, zathola khona ukukhula ngoJuni kwezigidi ezingama-3.711 zama-euro futhi, ngemininingwane yesikhashana, bavala isigamu sokuqala sonyaka ngokunyuka kwama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-10.688 kumthamo wabo wezimpahla, ukuze bame kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-268.203, okuyi-4,2% ngaphezulu kunasekupheleni konyaka we-2018. Ngempikiswano mayelana noma ngabe kungcono ukukhetha izimali zokutshala imali ngokuya ngephothifoliyo yama-equity noma uma ngokuphambene ukukhetha imali engaguquki.
Ngoba lezi zimali zingcono
Okwamanje, izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezihlanganiswe kwizimali zihlinzeka ngochungechunge lwezinzuzo ezingaba mnandi kakhulu ukuziqasha kusuka manje. Enye yezinto ezifanele kakhulu isuselwa eqinisweni lokuthi inzuzo yayo ingaba ngaphezulu kunaleyo engenayo engaguquki. Futhi, ngalesi sikhathi uku thola isilinganiso senzalo sokuncintisana kakhulu kuyadingeka ukuzibeka engozini ekwenzeni izinqumo. Futhi ngalomqondo, indlela ongayikhetha ikulo mqondo esimweni lapho izimakethe zamasheya zomhlaba wonke zibambe kahle kahle.
Omunye umnikelo wezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali ezihlanganiswe kumasheya ususelwa ekutheni izikhuthazi zezimali zivuna izimakethe ngalezi zici. Kokubili ohlangothini nolunye lwe-Atlantic. Ngenzuzo yokuthi bangaba nezinketho eziningana abangakhetha kuzo nangaphansi kwamafomethi ahlukile ezimakethe zezimali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunengozi yokuthi a bubble ezikweletini zomphakathi ezingathinta izimali zokutshala imali ezihleliwe ngodlame oluthile.
Ungazivikela kanjani emalini
Kunoma ikuphi, unamasu amaningana okutshala imali ukuvikela imali yakho enqubeni engenzeka yokungazinzi ezimakethe zezimali. Olunye lwalezi zinhlelo luhlanganisa ukulingana nezinye izimpahla zezezimali. Ngokwesibonelo, lezo ezivela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa, zezimali noma ezinye izinhlobo. Laba baphathi bangakusiza ukuthi uqukethe ukulahlekelwa kuzimo ezingezinhle kakhulu zezintshisekelo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngalo mqondo, kunezimali zokutshala imali ezihlangabezana nalesi sici esikhethekile.
Elinye lamasu ongawasebenzisa kusukela manje yilelo elisuselwe kulo khetha ukuphathwa okusebenzayo. Kusho ukuthini ngempela lokhu? Yebo, into elula njengokulungisa iphothifoliyo yakho yesikhwama sokutshala imali kuzo zonke izimo ezingaba khona, ngisho nokubi kakhulu kwizintshisekelo zakho njengomtshalizimali okudayisa. Ukulungisa iphothifoliyo yakho ngemvamisa ethile ukuze wenze ukonga kube nenzuzo enkulu. Uzobona ukuthi ukusebenza kuya ngokuya kuba ngcono futhi uma ulandela leli su ekuphathweni kwezimali zokutshala imali. Kulokhu unemikhiqizo eminingi yezezimali enikeza lesi sici esikhethekile. Ngaphandle kokuthinta amakhomishini asetshenziswa yilezi zimali zekhomishini.
Ubungozi bezimali
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, asikwazi ukukhohlwa ezinye zeziphazamiso ezikhethwa yile ndlela yokutshala imali. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi a ukuwa ezimakethe zamasheya zomhlaba wonke, ukwehla okungaphezu kwama-20% noma ama-30%. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi uzoshiya ama-euro amaningi endleleni nangesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Enye yezingcuphe zokusebenzisa lolu hlelo ekukhetheni izimpahla eziyimali kungenxa yokuthi ukulungiswa kungahle kwenziwe ezinyangeni ezizayo, noma-ke, ukusikeka okubaluleke kakhulu ekuvumelaneni kwamanani abo.
Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi sikwazi ukubona amanani entengo ephansi kakhulu kunalawo acashunwe kulo mzuzu oqondile. Ngokuwa ezimakethe zezimali phakathi kuka-10% no-20%, okungaba ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwephesenti lemali ebesizoyishiya ekusebenzeni kwemakethe yamasheya ngezimali zokutshala izimali zalezi zici. Enye ingozi esibhekene nayo iqiniso lokuthi kudaleke uphahla ngezinkomba zamazwe omhlaba okuzoba nzima ukunqoba eminyakeni ezayo.
Imakethe yamasheya inenzuzo enkulu
Kunoma ikuphi, kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali emakethe yamasheya kuvame ukuba njalo kunenzuzo enkulu esikhathini esiphakathi nesikhathi eside. Lapho kuthanda ukukala kabusha ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo etholwe emholweni ohleliwe noma eyenziwe ngamabhange uqobo. Ngesikhathi lapho i-denominator ejwayelekile iyintengo eshibhile yemali.
Lesi yisici esibaluleke kakhulu ngokungangabazeki esikusiza ukuba uthuthuke ezimakethe zezimali. Ngoba kusho ukuthi kunemali eningi yokwenza inzuzo emakethe yamasheya futhi lokhu kusiza ukusebenza kulezi zimpahla zezimali. Yize lokhu kungumkhuba ongaphela engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka ozayo. Futhi ngalokho-ke, kuzobonwa enanini lentengo.
Ibuyisa nezabelo
Enye yezinzuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu zezimali zotshalo-mali ezisuselwa kumasheya ukuthi eziningi zazo zikhiqiza i- ukwahlukaniswa phakathi kwabanikazi bayo. Ngenzuzo etholakala emazingeni asondele kakhulu ku-4% nokuthi kunoma ikuphi ngaphansi kwalezo eziqhutshwa ukuthengwa okuqondile nokuthengiswa kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya. Kunoma ikuphi, kuyisu elisebenza kahle ukufeza imali engenayo evela njalo futhi engaguquki minyaka yonke. Noma yini eyenzekayo ezimakethe zezimali futhi ziya ngqo kwi-akhawunti yabahlanganyeli besikhwama sokubambisana.
Enye yeminikelo yalokhu imali engenayo engaguquki futhi eqinisekisiwe ngukuthi zisiza ekugcineni ukugcinwa kwemali kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Akumangalisi ukuthi lesi sigaba sezimali zotshalo-mali sibhekiswe ikakhulukazi ezikhathini ezinomphela esikhathini esimaphakathi neside, okuyilapho kungakhiwa khona ukugcinwa kwemali okungacishe kuzinze. Kanye nokukhululeka kokuzidlulisela kwezinye izimali zokutshala imali zezici ezifanayo ngethemba lokuthi zingenza kangcono kusukela kulowo mzuzu kuqhubeke. Ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamakhomishini, imali eyengeziwe, izinhlawulo kanye nezinye izindleko ekuphathweni nasekugcinweni kwayo.
Okubi ngokuqasha
Ngenkathi kuphambene nalokhu, lesi sigaba semikhiqizo ehloselwe ukonga ngasese sinobuthakathaka bayo obukhulu ukungazinzi okukhulu ekuguqukeni kwamanani abo. Ngoba impela, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezinhle kakhulu bangaba nabanye lapho ukulahlekelwa kubi kakhulu futhi bangazinzisa isitatimende semali engenayo kuphothifoliyo yesikhwama sokutshala imali. Kunoma ikuphi, kubalulekile ukwenza ukulandelwa kwesikhathi kwale mikhiqizo ukuze singabi nezimanga ezingezinhle ezinsukwini ezilandelayo. Kunoma ikuphi, izingozi zikhulu kakhulu kunalezo zezimali zokutshala imali emholweni ongaguquki.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, asikwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi lo akuwona umkhiqizo wokuba nawo izinyanga ezimbalwa. Njengoba kungenzeka ngokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya noma ngenkontileka yeminye imikhiqizo yezezimali. Ngokwesibonelo, izimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshisana, izincwadi ezigunyazayo noma okuvela kwezinye izimpahla zezimali. Lapho ukusebenza kungaphothulwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa uma icala livela. Kanye nokuba nesimo esihle kakhulu ngamakhomishini asindayo lapho izimali zokutshalwa kwemali zivame ukuthwala. Ngafika ku-2,5% enanini lomsebenzi.
Ngenkathi ekugcineni, lezi zimali ezihlanganyelanayo aziguquguquki njengokutshalwa kwemali okuqondile. Lokho wukuthi, ukwenziwa kwempahla yayo akusheshi futhi kufanele wenze imisebenzi ethile yokubalwa kwemali ukuze wazi isimo sangempela sokutshalwa kwemali ngalo mkhiqizo okhethekile. Yize okuphambene nalokho, inezakhiwo eziningi ezingashintshwa kuphrofayli eyethulwe ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ukuba yinto ekufanele uyihlolisise ngesikhathi samanje ngokwethula okunikezwayo okuhlukahlukene kanye nobuningi kuyo yonke imibono yokubuka. Njengokweqiniso kubantu abafuna ukukhetha lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali okukhethekile ngezimali.