Akuyona imfihlo ngalesi sikhathi ukuthi umholo wabasebenzi baseSpain wehlile eminyakeni yamuva, waze wafinyelela emazingeni angacabangeki esikhathini esifushane esedlule. Futhi lokho kuthinta kakhulu omncane kunabo bonke, okuyibo abanemiholo ephansi kakhulu. Lokhu kungafakazelwa ngokusho kwedatha enikezwe yi-Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), ekhombisa ukuthi umholo wabantu abasha baseSpain ususukile ku-1.210 euros ngo-2008 waya ku-890 euros ngo-2013, okungukuthi, ukuwa kwangempela kwama-35%.
Njengoba sibhekene nesimo esinje esingakhokhi emakethe yezabasebenzi ezweni lethu, akumangazi ukuthi labo abathintekayo kulokhu kuncishiswa emholweni wabo bazama ukuthola isengezo emholweni wabo. Futhi ngale ndlela, jabulela ikhwalithi ephezulu yempilo, nokufinyelela kuyo yonke imikhiqizo eyisisekelo yempilo yakho yansuku zonke. Ngokweneliseka kwakho, uzohlala unamathuba woku enza imali engenayo ngaphandle kwaleyo etholakala emsebenzini wabo, futhi lokho kuzobasiza ukuthi bakhokhe izikweletu, babhekane nezindleko ezidingeka kakhulu, noma ekugcineni, bazijabulise njalo.
Leli qhinga leholo ngeke lize, njengoba abaningi bengase bacabange, kusukela ekunikezeleni ekukhanyeni kwenyanga. Kepha kunalokho, kukhiqizwe ngokutshalwa kwabo ezimakethe zezimali. Kuzodingeka isimo esisodwa kuphela, okungelula ukugcwaliseka kuzo zonke izimo: ube nokonga okuncane ukwenza imisebenzi ibe semthethweni. Lapho okuhlangana kakhulu, nokusebenza kuzokhuphuka ngokulingana, ngokuya ngeminikelo yakho yemali. Akumangalisi ukuthi iningi labasebenzi baseSpain ngeke babe nenye indlela ngaphandle kokuthatha lesi sinyathelo sokuqhubeka namandla okuthenga afanayo njengoba eminyakeni embalwa edlule.
Umholo ngokushintshisana
Elinye lamasu onawo phambi kwakho lokuthola isengezo emholweni wakho ngokusebenzisa indlela ye- izimali zokulingana. Ngokusebenzisa imodi ephindwe kabili, ezoncika kuphrofayili oyethula njengomtshalizimali omncane naphakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthola inzuzo enkulu ekusebenzeni okwenziwe ezimakethe zezezimali. Kodwa-ke, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukufeza umholo ohleliwe njalo ngenyanga, futhi ngokujwayelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu kufanele uphrinte isiyalo esithile kukho konke ukunyakaza emakethe yamasheya. Njalo ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi emincane, lapho ungakhiqiza khona inani elincane njalo ngenyanga elinwetshelwa kwi-akhawunti yakho yokubheka.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele ugweme ngazo zonke izindlela ukubambeka ezimakethe, ngoba ukube bekunjalo, isu lakho lonke lokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yempilo yakho ngalezi zinkokhelo beliyowa. Kungcono, ngakho-ke, yenza inzuzo encane hhayi ukulinda ukuthi laba baphane ngempela. Kungukhiye wokuthola impumelelo ngokusebenza kwakho ezimakethe zamasheya. Futhi ungayigcina izinyanga ezimbalwa, noma iminyaka uma uphumelele ekusebenzeni.
Kuzo zonke, uma ungenayo inhlanhla eyanele yokuyisebenzisa, noma umane ungekho esimweni sokwenza leli qhinga lokuthola umholo owengeziwe, ungakhathazeki ngokweqile. Kukhona enye indlela enqumayo futhi elula yokuthola umholo owengeziwe, futhi ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu kakhulu ohlangothini lwakho. Mhlawumbe hhayi njalo ngenyanga, kodwa ngokuqiniseka ukuthi ikota ngayinye uzoba nalo mholo. Kumayelana ngezabelo ezisatshalaliswa izinkampani ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni. Futhi ongafinyelela ngayo imbuyiselo yonyaka emisiwe efinyelela ku-8%.
Uzoba nezokuphepha ezahlukahlukene ezisabalalisa le nkokhelo yemali kubaninimasheya bayo. Ngokusebenza okuqinisekisiwe, nokuthi kunoma ngabe ikuphi kuphakeme kunalokho okunikezwa yimikhiqizo yasebhange eyinhloko yokonga (imali yesikhathi, amanothi ezethembiso, amabhondi, njll.). Akumangalisi ukuthi bazokunikeza kuphela inzalo ephezulu engu-0,50%, ngenxa yenani lemali elishibhile, ngemuva kwezinyathelo ezibekwe yi-European Central Bank (ECB).
Akunandaba ukuthi utshalomali lwakho luhamba kanjani, uzobe wakha isikhwama esincane sokonga minyaka yonke. Lokho kuzokusiza nokukukhokhela i-whim encane, noma ngisho nokukhokhela uhambo olulandelayo neqembu lakho labangane. Ngenzuzo ozoyithola ngokushesha ku-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola ngesikhathi esiqondile lapho kwenziwa le nkokhelo. Kunezinkampani eziningi ezizisabalalisa njalo ngekota, kufaka phakathi lezo ezivela emkhakheni wamabhange.
Ngeminikelo yakho kwizimali zokutshala imali
Ngenxa yesimo esingenampilo emnothweni wakho wasekhaya, cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi uzokwazi ukuthola imali engenayo ongalawula ngayo izindleko okufanele ubhekane nazo, kungani kungenjalo, uthuthukise izinga lakho lokuphila ngokungena kwemali okuningi ku i-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola, noma ngabe incane kangakanani. Futhi enye yamafomula onayo yenziwe ngezimali zokutshala imali. Ngenye yezinsimbi ezithandekayo ukufeza lezi zinhloso ekukhuphuleni umholo wakho.
Ungahle ungazi, kepha futhi ngale mikhiqizo yezezimali bangathola izabelo njalo. Kuyisu abalisebenzisayo nemvamisa ethile. Yize kungenjalo ngokupha kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya. Noma kunjalo, uzokwazi ukuthola imali engaguquki njalo ngonyaka efinyelela ku-5%.
Akuzona zonke izimali zokutshala imali ezenza lokhu kusatshalaliswa kwemali, kude nakho, kepha kungukukhetha okuncane okufanele ukuthole lapho ubhalisa. Zingavela ngisho nasemalini etholakalayo, uma ungafuni ukubeka engcupheni imali yakho engcupheni ngokweqile. Futhi bazoya kwi-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola ngezinsuku lapho benza lo mholo kubahlanganyeli bezimali zokutshala imali.
Kunoma ikuphi, izinketho eziningi zivulekile ukukunikeza umholo ohambisanayo ngalo mkhiqizo wokutshala imali. Kudalwe iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali ngokuya ngezimali eziningana ongakhuthaza ngazo ukonga njalo ngenyanga. Kumele kuhlukaniswe ukuze umsebenzi wenziwe ngempumelelo ngaphezulu. Ukuhlanganisa izimali zokutshala imali yemali engenayo engaguquki nokuguquguqukayo. Futhi ngamamodeli ahlanganisiwe, kanye nokutshalwa kwemali okuhlukile. Futhi uma ungumtshali-zimali onolaka ngokwengeziwe, ungangenisa nempahla yezezimali ngokususelwa kuzinto zokusetshenziswa.
Uma unemali oyitholile yokutshala imali, amanye amafomethi awo futhi akuvumela ukuthi ukhulise imali, noma kungenjalo ngokungaphana njengasezibambisweni eziningi zezimali. Kepha kuzokwanela ngaphezu kwakho ukuthi ufike ekupheleni kwenyanga ngemali esele ku-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola iphilile ngokwengeziwe. Futhi ngale ndlela, susa ukungaqiniseki okutholwa iholo eliphansi kuwe, noma ukunqunywa kokugcina okusetshenziswe yinkampani.
Ngokusebenzisa imikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe
Njengenye indlela yokutshala imali, uneminye imikhiqizo ehloselwe ukutshalwa kwezimali, kepha lokho kuqala kusuka kumamodeli asezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, futhi okubeka izingozi eziningi ekusebenzeni kwakho. Iziqinisekiso, izimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshaniswa, okutholwayo noma ukuthengiswa kwesikweletu kungezinye zazo. Kepha ungakhohliswa, ngoba yize imbuyiselo ongayithola kusuka kule mikhiqizo iphezulu kakhulu, ngokubuyiselwa kwamadijithi amabili, kunalokho, ungalahlekelwa yimali eyeqile ekusebenzeni kwabo.
Kunoma ikuphi, akunconyiwe kangako ukuthi kwenziwe imisebenzi ukukunikeza umholo omncane njalo ngenyanga, noma okungenani amakota. Ngeke ube nesiqinisekiso sangempela sokuthi kuzoba njalo, futhi izinkinga zinganqwabelana noma nini lapho utshalomali lungakhuli njengoba ubulutshalile ekuqaleni. Futhi-ke, ngaphandle kokwabiwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenzuzo noma ukwabiwa okuvamile.
Kuphela uma ungumtshali-zimali onekhono elithile nesipiliyoni sokwenza imisebenzi ibe nenzuzo, lapho kuzoba yisikhathi sokuzibekela izinhloso ezimbalwa zonyaka ngamunye ngokukhethwa okubanzi kwemikhiqizo yezezimali engahlangabezana nokulindelwe utshalomali lwakho.
Izintela ezixhunywe emalini
Ekugcineni, kuzoshiywa njengendawo yokugcina yokufeza lezi zinhloso ezifiselekayo ukukhetha uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo ephephile. Futhi phakathi kwabo, i- imali exhunywe emakethe yamasheya, nakwezinye izimpahla zezezimali (igolide, uwoyela, izinto zokusetshenziswa, njll.). Ngokuqasha kwakho uzothola i- inzalo engaguquki futhi eqinisekisiwe minyaka yonke. Noma ingekho phezulu kakhulu, cishe i-0,50%. Ngalokho ongeke uhlangabezane nokulindelwe okwenziwe.
Ukuze uthuthukise lezi zimakethe zenzuzo, ngeke ube nenye indlela ngaphandle kwebhasikidi lamasheya axhunywe kulo mkhiqizo wokonga finyelela izinhloso eziphansi kusilinganiso sakho ezimakethe zezimali. Ngale ndlela kuphela okungcono ukunweba izintshisekelo, futhi kufinyelelwe ebangeni eliphakathi kuka-2% no-3%. Kepha qaphela kakhulu ngokusebenzisa lelisu elihlukile lokutshala imali, ngoba akulula ukuhlangabezana nemfuneko, kepha kunalokho okuphambene nalokho. Akumangalisi ukuthi akufanele ube nalesi sandiso ekusebenzeni.
Njengoba kunikezwe lesi simo, kuzoba ngcono kuwe ukuthi ubheke amanye amafomula angaxakeki kakhulu kuma-term deposits. Ngokuyinhloko ukuxhumanisa lo mkhiqizo kudebhithi eqondile yomholo, nokuthi ekunikelweni kwabo okunolaka kakhulu beza ukuzokukhokhela kuze kube yinzalo ephezulu engu-5%. Enye inketho evunyelwa uhlelo lwebhange ukuthi uye kokuhlinzekwayo namaphromoshini abekade bekuthuthukisa ngokujwayelekile, futhi kuze kufike ekukunikezeni ngo-2%. Yize ukushintshanisa ngezikhathi ezimfushane kakhulu lokho ngeke kukwenze uhlangabezane nokulindelwe.
Ekugcineni, thola idiphozi ngamatemu amade kunayo yonke unomphela, okungaba izinyanga ezingama-24, 36, noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwenzalo ongakuthola akulingi kangako, ngamashumi ambalwa kuphela ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo ejwayelekile. Futhi lokho kuzokukwenza ucabange kabusha uma kukufanele ngempela ukwenza leli qhinga lokuthola ama-euro ambalwa kakhulu.