Uma ungumtshali-zimali, akungabazeki ukuthi kusukela manje kuzofanele unake kakhulu igama elizobaluleka kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwakho ezimakethe zezimali. Intela kaTobin noma i-ITF uhlobo lwentela ekuthengisweni kwezezimali okwaphakanyiswa emashumini amaningi eminyaka edlule ngusomnotho oholayo waseMelika. Ngokwenzayo, ngeke kube yizindaba ezinhle zezintshisekelo zakho jikelele ngoba kuzodingeka ukhokhe ikhomishini entsha yokusebenza ngamasheya nakokuphuma kokunye. Ukuze ngale ndlela, umholo wakho wehliswe, yize kungaphansi kokuqina okuncane maqondana namaphesenti awo.
Okwamanje intela ebizwa ngeTobin noma i-ITF ayisebenzi emazweni asendaweni ye-euro. Kepha ngeke kuthathe isikhathi eside ukufaka isicelo ngoba kungenzeka kube sekupheleni konyaka noma vele ngonyaka olandelayo kuzoqala ukusebenza ukuze kuthinte utshalomali lwakho. Ekuqaleni, lokhu intela entsha izosebenza kokuthengiselana kokulingana nokuphuma kokunye, yize kunganwetshwa kweminye imikhiqizo ye-equity engakabhaliswa okwamanje. Amaphesenti okuzothuthwa ngawo lolu hlobo lwentela azoba ngawo cishe u-0,10% mayelana nayo yonke le misebenzi.
Intela yaseTobin ingeyaseYurophu ngobubanzi, njengoba uzokwazi vele manje ngemuva kwezimpikiswano ezinamandla lokho yenziwe e-European Union. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izosebenza eBelgium, eJalimane, e-Estonia, eGrisi futhi naseSpain uqobo. Kulesi simo esivamile, abatshalizimali, njengakwakho, abafuna ukusebenza ezimakethe zezimali kuzofanela balungiselele ukuthola intela entsha yokuthengiselana ngezezimali (i-ITF). Ukuze ngale ndlela, ingezwe kwezinye izindleko ekuphathweni noma ekugcineni kwezimali. Isibonelo, amakhomishini, izindleko zentela noma imali yebhizinisi uqobo.
Intela kaTobin: izothinta kanjani?
Kunento eyodwa eqinisekile okwamanje nokuthi njengamanje le ntela ngeke ithinte imisebenzi ozoyenza ezinyangeni ezizayo. Yize kubonakala ukuthi lesi simo ngeke sihlale isikhathi eside, ngokusho kwesibikezelo semitimba yezikhungo zomphakathi. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, izosetshenziswa kancane kancane. Lokho, kancane kancane futhi kuqala ngokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya kanye nokunye okuphuma kukho. Ukuqhubeka neminye imikhiqizo yezezimali, njengezimali zokutshala imali, izimvume noma okunye ukutshalwa kwezimali.
Kunoma ikuphi, kuzoba ngesamba esingu-0,10% futhi kungakhathalekile ukuthi imali itshalwe kuphi futhi lokho kuzothinta bonke abatshalizimali ngokulinganayo. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ubheke kusuka manje kuye phambili ukuthi inani lentela yaseTobin njalo izolungiswa hhayi ukuguquguquka njengoba kwenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, kumakhomishini ukuthi ingxenye enhle yemikhiqizo yezezimali isebenza kuwe. Ekugcineni kuzoba izindleko ezintsha okufanele uzilindele kusuka manje kuqhubeke futhi ezokwehliselwa emholweni wakho ongaba khona ezimakethe zezimali.
Iziphi izimakethe ezithinta lesi silinganiso?
Leli zinga lizosetshenziswa kukho konke okwenziwa kufayela le- Izimakethe zamasheya zaseYurophu. Kepha qaphela kakhulu ngoba hhayi kubo bonke, kepha kwabayishumi nanye lapho kukhona khona imakethe yaseSpain. Ngaphezu kokunye, isiJalimane, isiNtaliyane noma isiBelgium. Lapho uzokwenza ukunyakaza kwalezi zici kulawo mazwe, kuzoba lapho bekukhokhisa ngempela le mali kuyo yonke imisebenzi ozoyenza kusukela ngesikhathi esiqondile sokuqaliswa kwayo. Vele, ngeke kube yimali eningi, kepha noma kunjalo kuzoba izindleko ezintsha ezizokhiqizwa ekutshalweni kwakho kusuka kulowo mzuzu kuqhubeke.
Empeleni, kuzothinta imisebenzi ekhuthazwa ezimakethe zamasheya. Kepha njengoba isikhathi sihamba, imikhiqizo eyandayo yezezimali izothinteka ngale mali ezweni lotshalo-mali. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi izibikezelo ziphakamisa ukuthi izofinyelela kunoma iyiphi yazo. Kusukela kokujwayelekile kakhulu kuya kokusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Cishe akekho kubo ozokhipha le ntela entsha engakafiki ezimakethe zezezimali. Yize kunjalo konke kuzoba yindaba yezinyanga.
Ngabe izimali zizothinteka?
Okunye ukukhathazeka kwengxenye enhle yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi kuxhomeke ekwazini ukuthi ekugcineni izinga leTobin lizofinyelela nezimali zokutshala imali. Awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi lo ngumkhiqizo wokutshala imali lapho abatshalizimali begcina kakhulu ukonga kwabo. Yebo, ekuqaleni bekungeke kube njalo futhi kuya kuphela ngokuvela kwalesi silinganiso ingadluliselwa ezikhwameni zokutshala imali. Ngendlela efanayo neminye imikhiqizo yezezimali ukwenza ukonga kube nenzuzo, njengoba siphawule esigabeni esedlule.
Kunoma ikuphi, kunenkinga yokungayikhokhi le ntela futhi kungokuya ezimakethe zezezimali lapho isicelo sayo singeke sisebenze. Ngalo mqondo, esinye sezixazululo ukuya kufayela le- Ukulingana kweGreat Britain. Ngoba intela entsha kubatshalizimali ngeke iqale ukusebenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona nomthombo wokudlulisela izimali ezimakethe ezingaphesheya kwe-Atlantic. Lapho iMelika igqame khona ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo. Njengezimakethe ezisafufusa ezihambisana neBRICS (iBrazil, iRussia, iNdiya, iChina neNingizimu Afrika). Ukuze ngale ndlela, uqhubeke nokutshala imali kepha ungacabangi ngalomthwalo omusha wentela.
Kuzoba yini izindleko zemali?
Okwamanje ngqo lapho kusetshenziswa intela ebizwa ngeTobin, uzoba nezindleko ezintsha ekuthengeni nasekuthengiseni amasheya emakethe yamasheya. Kepha yimali engakanani ngempela? Yebo, uma uthatha isinqumo sokwenza umsebenzi wokuthenga noma wokuthengisa we-10.000 euro inkokhelo ephelele izoba ngama-euro ayi-10. Uma nje inani lenzalo elisungulwe yizinhlangano ezilawulayo zaseYurophu lisetshenzisiwe, lokho kungukuthi ku-0,10%). Yize ngokubikezela kungakhula njengoba iminikelo yakho yezezimali ibinkulu. Ngamanye amagama, ukuhweba ngamasheya amakhulu kuzohlawuliswa ngokunyakaza okuncane. Ngalo mqondo, abalahlekile abakhulu kungaba abatshalizimali abakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, awukwazi ukukhohlwa iqiniso lokuthi le ntela entsha izokudalela enye inkinga ekuphatheni imali oyongile. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu ngoba ngeke wazi isikhathi esiqondile nini bazoyikhipha kubhalansi yakho ku-akhawunti yokuhlola. Ukuthi ungahle ube nokudideka mayelana nokusebenza kwayo. Akumangalisi ukuthi lesi sici asikho kuwe kuphela, kodwa kunani elikhulu labasindisi abangawazi umakhenikha wangempela wokuqaliswa kwalo ekusebenzeni okwenziwa ezimakethe zezezimali.
Ungayinciphisa kanjani izindleko ezintsha?
Selokhu kwafika leli zinga elisha, akungabazeki ukuthi uzoba nezindleko eziningi, yize kulokhu kuzobe kuphansi futhi kungafuni kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, unamasu ambalwa wokukwenza nciphisa umthelela wayo ephaketheni lakho. Elinye lala macebo livela ekususweni kwemisebenzi emibi ezimakethe zezimali. Kuzofanele ukhethe kakhudlwana ekukhetheni amanani kusukela manje ngoba akufisi ukuthi ube nezindleko ezingaphezulu zemali ngemisebenzi ongeke uyenzele inzuzo.
Esinye isinyathelo okufanele usilandele ukunciphisa leli zinga ukukhetha amakhomishini amahle kakhulu emakethe. Ukuze ngale ndlela, unxephezele ukukhokhiswa okusha okuzovela. Khumbula ukuthi kuya ngekhomishini esetshenziswe ngabalamuli bezezimali ongakwenza konga cishe 30% wezindleko kusuka kulesi sikhundla kumikhiqizo yezezimali. Vele kunjalo, kuphakeme kakhulu kunezingqimba ezikhiqizwe yile ntela ekhetheke kakhulu. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi ungenza nezindleko ezinkulu kakhulu.
Amasu wokunciphisa umphumela wawo
Komunye umthambo, kuzokusiza futhi ukukhulisa ukusebenza okuphakathi nesikhathi eside ekusebenzeni okusheshayo. Ngoba ngaleli su elehlukile uzophinda ube nomthombo obalulekile wokonga. Phezu kokufika kwaleli zinga esikhuluma ngalo. Njengoba uzoba kancane ukukhetha lapho wenza imisebenzi. Lokho wukuthi, kuzoba ngcono kakhulu ukwenza kube semthethweni okumbalwa futhi kube nenzuzo enkulu kunalokho okwenziwe okuningi. Ngokombono, ukwethulwa kwentela yaseTobin kungaba kuhle kakhulu ukuvikela izintshisekelo zakho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzohlala kukunika amandla ezinye izindawo noma izimakethe zezezimali obungakaze uzihlole kuze kube manje. Ngalo mqondo, kunjalo, amathuba ebhizinisi azokwanda kusuka manje kuqhubeke. Hhayi kuphela maqondana nezimakethe zamasheya, kepha futhi nokuthola inkontileka kwezinye izimpahla zezezimali. Akumangalisi ukuthi bazokhululeka kulezi zindleko, ngokwesibonelo ezimakethe zezinto zokusetshenziswa noma izinsimbi eziyigugu, phakathi kokunye okufanele kakhulu.