Kuyisu elivumela abasebenzisi ukufinyelela ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokutshala imali, kepha kusuka kumkhiqizo owodwa wezezimali. Ngenketho yangempela yokukwazi ukusabalalisa utshalomali ku- izimpahla ezehlukene zezimali, ngisho nasezindalweni eziphambene ngokuphelele. Ngenhloso, hhayi kuphela yokwenza ngcono inzuzo efanayo, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuvikela ukonga ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Ikakhulukazi lapho ukuguquguquka kwezimakethe zezezimali kuyindlela ejwayelekile yezenzo zabo.
Ngalo mqondo, ngokuqinisekile uzozibuza ukuthi yini imikhiqizo egcina lezi zici ezikhethekile. Okusho ukuthi, bavumela ukwehlukanisa utshalomali. Vele, okwamanje awekho amamodeli amaningi nalesi sici, kepha okungenani kukhona ambalwa akunikeza ithuba lokungenisa leli qhinga lokutshala imali. Kulesi simo, i-ETF, izimali zokutshala izimali futhi amadiphozi axhumene nokulingana enza kube lula kubatshalizimali ukujwayela zonke izimakethe zezezimali. Kungaba yisikhathi sokuthatha izikhundla kwezinye zazo kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Ngale ndlela, futhi njengesibonelo, imali engenayo engaguquki ingagcwaliswa nokuhlukahluka ngaphakathi komkhiqizo wezezimali ofanayo. Elinye lamacala adume kabi limelelwa yimali yotshalo-mali futhi ikakhulukazi ne imali exubile evumela ukuthi utshale imali kuzimpahla ezahlukahlukene zezezimali ngaphandle kokuthi ushintshe umkhiqizo noma imodeli yokonga. Ngale ndlela, ungonga ngisho nemali eningi ekubaphatheni. Kokubili kumakhomishini nakwezindleko zokugcinwa kwawo kuze kufike ezingeni lokuba nama-euro amaningi minyaka yonke ku-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola.
Hlukanisa emakethe yamasheya, kungenzeka?
Uma kukhona isu elihlinzeka ngokuphepha okukhulu kokutshalwa kwezimali, lokho akuyona enye ngaphandle kokwehlukahlukana. Bekungeke yini kube ngcono ukuvula izimakethe ezintsha kunokuzikhawulela kulokho okwenziwa isitoko esisodwa, umkhakha noma inkomba yesitoko? Le nkinga ixazululwa nge- ukuphathwa okuvulekile ngokwengeziwe kuzimpahla zezimali ezinikezwe. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi kusuka kumkhiqizo ofanayo ungavula izikhundla kuma-equities, imali engenayo engaguquki noma ngisho nakwezinye izinhlobo ezivela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezomnotho zomhlaba. Lokhu empeleni kungukwehlukahlukana ekutshalweni kwemali.
Inkinga yabatshalizimali ilele ekutheni yimikhiqizo embalwa kakhulu eyaziyo ukuhlanganisa lezi zimpahla zezimali. Akumangalisi ukuthi into ejwayelekile kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule ukuthi imodeli ngayinye yokutshala imali ihlanganisa imakethe ethile yezezimali, noma ngabe injani. Lo mkhuba ushintshe kakhulu futhi okwamanje kungenzeka ukuthi uqoqe eziningana zazo kumkhiqizo ofanayo.
Yenza lula imisebenzi
Ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthi umsebenzisi aye kokuhlukile amafomethi okutshala imali ukwanelisa izidingo zakho. Akuzukuvumela kuphela ukuthi uchithe isikhathi esithe xaxa kusesho lwakho, kepha kuzokwenyusa nezindleko zamakhomishini nezokuphatha okubandakanya ukuqashwa kwakho. Ngakho-ke, sekuyisikhathi sokuthola ukuthi yimiphi le mikhiqizo yezezimali evumela ukuphathwa okulula kokulondolozwa.
Ngaphansi kwalezi zici, izimali zokutshala imali zivelele ngenxa yemvelo ekhethekile yamamodeli wazo. Ngezimali ezihlanganisiwe, iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali ivunyelwe hlela kuphrofayili yabanikazi bayo. Ngale ndlela, bazokwazi ukwandisa ukwakheka kwabo ngemali engenayo engaguquki noma izimpahla zemali zephrofayili evikelayo. Noma ngokuphambene nalokho, thonya izimali ukuze zilingise izindlela ezinolaka.
Izinzuzo zokuhlukahluka
Enye yezinzuzo ezihlinzekwa lo mkhiqizo wezezimali ukuhlukahluka kwawo ukuhlanganisa amamodeli wokutshala imali avela kuphothifoliyo efanayo. Isibonelo, amasheya, izimali, amabhondi, izincwadi ezigunyazayo kanye nemikhiqizo ye-akhawunti yamanje. Akukho mingcele maqondana nezinhloso ezilandelwa yizimali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwehluka kwabo akuthinti kuphela izimpahla zezezimali, kepha futhi nezindawo ezikhona lapho kubhalwe khona: indawo ye-euro, okuvelayo, okomhlaba jikelele, njll.
Njengomphumela wezici ezikhethekile zalo mkhiqizo, umtshali-zimali onolaka uzokhetha ukulingana okungu-80% bese kuthi amanye ama-20% asele alungiswe. Ngenkathi iphrofayili elinganiselayo izohluka ngamaphesenti ngaphansi kwe- ukuthambekela okuphambene, ngisho nokukhetha ingxenye ethile yokonga ezimakethe zemali. Kunezindlela eziningi ongakhetha kuzo uma ulandela leli qhinga lokutshala imali, njengokuhlukaniswa kokulondolozwa okutsaliwe. Vele, kuningi ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokutshala imali.
Ukukhetha izimali ezithengiswa ngokushintshisana
Ama-ETFs, ngokwengxenye yawo, asekela iziphakamiso zawo ekuchayekeni komhlaba wonke emikhakheni ehlukahlukene noma kuma-stock indices, ngokuziphindaphinda imithombo yenkomba wezimpahla zezimali. Kungani ukhetha amasheya enkampani eyodwa kuphela lapho ukwazi ukumboza amaningana? Le ngenye yezinhloso eziyinhloko zezimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshaniswa. Kunoma ikuphi, omunye wemiphumela yawo ukuthi izingozi zokutshala imali endaweni eyodwa yenhlokodolobha zizoncishiswa. Okuthile okufanele ukukhumbule uma ufuna ukuvikela imali efakwe kutshalomali ngalunye lomsebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, baveza izindlela eziningana, nezinhlobonhlobo, izindlela lapho bangenza khona inzuzo yokhokho. Ibex 35, CAC 40, Dow Jones, izibopho ezizimele, izinto zokusetshenziswa nezinsimbi eziyigugu, phakathi kokunye okuhambisana kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka kwayo sekuvele kuhlukile njengoba kungumkhiqizo wezezimali ohlanganisa ukusebenza ezimakethe zamasheya nezimali zokutshala imali. Kuzo zonke izimo, kuvumela ukusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukuthambekela okuphezulu kwengxenye enhle yezimpahla zezimali ezibalulwe ezimakethe. Kepha ngaphandle kokuthi ukhethe umzila owodwa wokutshala imali lapho ubungozi bukhulu khona.
Futhi ngemikhiqizo yendabuko
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, leli qhinga lingatholakala futhi kusuka kumikhiqizo yasebhange yendabuko. Kuyindaba ye- idiphozi kuxhunyaniswe namasheya. Noma ngebhasikidi lamasheya noma ngephothifoliyo yezimali zokutshala imali. Inengxenye yemali engenayo engaguquki okuqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa okungaguquki kokonga, yize kungaphansi kwamaphesenti amancane ahambisana nenani lemali okwamanje.
Ngenkathi okusele - okungukuthi, okuxhumene nemakethe yamasheya - yilokho okuvumela isivuno ukuthi sithuthukiswe lapho sesivuthiwe. Kepha ngokungafani neminye imikhiqizo yezezimali, ngaphandle kokuthatha noma yiluphi uhlobo lwengozi. Ngoba kuzo zonke izimo kuzohlala kukhona i- buyela kulondolozo. Ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kuyalingana kuwo womabili amafomethi, uhhafu wemodeli ngayinye yokutshalwa kwemali futhi ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka. Kuyindlela yangempela yokuhlukanisa utshalomali ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezeqile futhi engatholwa yingxenye enhle yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Akumangalisi ukuthi izingozi zilawulwa kakhulu impela futhi kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ukulahleka okukhulu kakhulu, njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yezezimali noma yasebhange.
Izinzuzo zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza
Vele, ukwehlukahlukana kuletha uchungechunge lwezinzuzo okufanele uzicabangele kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, ngoba kuzokusiza ukuthi unciphise ukulahleka ezikhathini ezingezinhle neze ezimakethe zezimali. Noma futhi nokutshalwa kwezimali okubhekwa njengezinye izindlela ezidinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu ekuphathweni nasekugcinweni kwazo. Ngokusebenzisa imihlahlandlela elandelayo yokusebenza esizokwethulela yona ngezansi.
- Luhlelo olusebenza kahle kakhulu okuthi, yize lungeke lukwenze usozigidi, kodwa okungenani luzokuvikela kulo izimo ezisengozini kakhulu ezimakethe zokulingana. Njengesibonelo, kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezinzima kakhulu zomnotho, emuva ngo-2007 nango-2008.
- Ikuvumela ukuthi utshale imali kumafa amaningi wezezimali ngasikhathi sinye futhi ngaphandle kokuyeka noma iyiphi imodeli yokutshala imali. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uzoba nokufinyelela okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ukwenza izimpahla zomuntu siqu noma zomndeni zinenzuzo. Futhi kuyisu lokutshala imali eliguqulelwe kuwo wonke amaphrofayili womsebenzisi. Kusukela kokunolaka kakhulu kuye ekunqunyweni okuvikelayo noma okulondolozayo, ngaphandle komkhawulo.
- Ukwehlukaniswa kuyelulekwa ngokuqhubekayo ngabahlaziyi bezezimali emhlabeni wonke ababona imodeli enhle kakhulu ongayisebenzisa ukufeza izinhloso zakho ngendlela ephephile nephumelelayo. Ngaphezulu kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nasendaweni yokubuka eyisisekelo.
- Ngokusebenza kwayo awudeli lutho emhlabeni wokutshala imali. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, ungazivulela amathuba amasha ebhizinisi ezingakahlolwa nguwe. Kokubili ngokuya ngamasheya kanye nemali engenayo engaguquki noma ngisho nakwezinye izinhlobo zangempela.
- Le ndlela yokutshala imali ingasetshenziswa ku- noma isiphi isimo somnotho, noma ngabe kwakuyini. Njengenzuzo enkulu ongayingenisa ukuklama utshalomali lwakho kulezi zikhathi eziqondile. Ngokuhlanganiswa okuhlukahlukene ongakusebenzisa ngesikhathi osibona kufanelekile futhi okungenza ukuthi uthuthukise izikhundla ezivulekile ezimakethe.