Lapho sizwa ukuthi a inkampani yenze noma ifuna ukwenyuswa kwemali, Sicabanga inkampani eku-IBEX 35, noma inkampani esanda kuqala umsebenzi wayo eStock Market, kunoma yiliphi izwe. Akukho okunye okudlula lokho. Kepha akunjalo. Ukuqondisisa ukuthi kusho ukuthini, kwenziwa kanjani nokuthi kungani ukwanda kwemali kwenziwa, kumele siqale siqonde kahle ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuyandisa.
Uma sikhuluma ngokunyuka kwemali, sikhuluma ngakho inani eliphelele lamasheya enkampani lizokhuphuka, okungadingeki ukuthi kube yinkampani enkulu ukuze ibe nayo, empeleni, zonke izinkampani nezinkampani ezinesikweletu esilinganiselwe zinenani eliphansi lesabelo mali.
Yini inhlokodolobha yomphakathi?
Inkampani inesethi yezimpahla eziyinika inani. Imali yezenhlalakahle bekulokhu isethi yezimpahla nemali eyinkampani, evame ukumelwa kumasheya, okuyizinhloko ezibhalisiwe zezakhiwo.
El Izimali zomphakathi zibonisa inani lezomnotho yenkampani ngokuqala kwayo. Ukuba, eSpain, kwe- ubunikazi obunomkhawulo futhi obukuphela kwe- € 3005.60Ukuze izinkampani zomphakathi ezinqunyelwe yi- € 60.101.20 ihlukaniswe ngamasheya ngamanye.
Izinkampani eziningi zihlangabezana nobuncane obushiwo ukuqala ibhizinisi labo, futhi abuhambisi, kepha Inani lokuqala lingashintshwa liye phezulu noma phansi. Kamuva sizobona ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani futhi kungani kwenziwa.
Ngakho-ke, umnikazi ngamunye wamasheya noma izihloko ubizwa ngokuthi umninimasheya noma umlingani, omele impahla yenkampani. Ngakho-ke, Ngezinhloso zokubalwa kwemali, isitoko sezimali ezinkulu siyisikweletu maqondana nabalingani.
Ozakwethu noma abaninimasheya bangaba ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene:
- Ozakwethu jikelele, ababamba iqhaza ezinqumweni zenkampani futhi babeka engcupheni imali yabo ekwenzeni inzuzo noma ukulahleka kwenkampani
- Ozakwethu obathandayo, ezifaka imali, futhi zithole inzuzo / ukulahleka kepha zingabambi iqhaza ezinqumweni zenkampani.
Imali yamasheya ayithinteki ekulahlekelweni yinkampani, kepha ingancishiswa noma inyuswe, sizobona okuningi ngalokhu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Kuyini ukwanda kwemali?
Ukucaca ngokuthi iyini inhlokodolobha yezenhlalakahle, singaqonda ukuthi ukwanda kwemali empeleni kunikeza inani elikhulu nezimpahla enkampanini. Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwenza nezinzuzo esizobona ngezansi.
Kunezindlela ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokukhulisa inani lebhizinisi:
- Khipha amasheya amasha kozakwethu noma kozakwethu abasha, noma, ukwandisa inani lamasheya asevele ekhishiwe. Ngokuya ngezinhloso zenkampani, kunqunywa ngenketho eyodwa noma enye: abalingani abasha abafunwa njalo.
- Endabeni yesibili, kumane nje kukhulisa inani eliphansi lamasheyaNgakho-ke, inani lenkampani liyakhula, ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwemali yabaninimasheya.
Umbuzo uthi: kungani ibhizinisi lidinga imali?
Inkampani, enkulu noma encane, kufaka phakathi ukugeleza okukhula njalo kwemali engenayo nokuphumayo, inqobo nje uma okokufaka kungaphezu kwemali yokukhipha. Ukuze ibhizinisi lisebenze, lidinga ifenisha, okokusebenza, abasebenzi nezinto zokusetshenziswa ukwenza ukuthi lisebenze. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga abaninimasheya noma abalingani.
Le nkampani isebenza kahle kakhulu kangangokuba idinga ukuvula igatsha ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kweSpain, ukuthola ukuncintisana nokwandisa inzuzo. Ukuvula elinye ibhizinisi kusho izindleko ezakhiweni, imishini nakho konke futhi, ngakho-ke imali iyadingeka, kwesinye isikhathi imali eningi.
Inkampani inezinketho ezimbili: cela imali mboleko ebhange, bese beyikhokha ngezintshisekelo zabo, noma, bathole imali ngokunyuswa kwemali enkulu, bavulele abalingani abasha abashiya imali enkampanini.
Inketho yesibili nayo iyindlela yokubolekwa kwemaliYebo, ngokwemibandela yokubalwa kwezimali, sonke isitoko sezimali, njengoba sishilo, siyisikweletu kubalingani benkampani. Kuyindlela enezindleko eziphansi kunaleyo yemalimboleko yasebhange, futhi kuncike kuphela ezingozini ezinayo inkampani namandla okukhohlisa abalingani abasha.
Izinzuzo zokukhulisa imali eyabelwe inkampani
Thola imali ngaphandle kwenzalo
Sesivele sishilo ngaphambili: Ukukhuphuka kwemali kuvimbela inkampani ukuthi ingakhokhi inzalo ngisho nempahla ebanjiswayo. Kuyimali "ngezindleko zero". Akudingekile ukuthi unwebe ibhizinisi: ungalitshala emikhankasweni yokumaketha, kubasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kangcono, ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo noma amasevisi amasha, noma umane nje uthuthukise labo onabo.
Khulisa inani lenkampani
Hhayi inkampani kuphela leyo ukwanda kwemali kunemali eningi yokutshala imali, kodwa inani layo njengenkampani liyakhula. Lokhu kuba nemiphumela hhayi kuphela ekukhulumeni ngokuziphatha, kepha uma ukhuluma ngokwezezimali ungafinyelela kumathuba amaningi nangcono wesikweletu, ngoba ujabulela impilo engcono yezezimali.
Ukwenza isibonelo: kulula ukufinyelela kwimalimboleko enkampanini enenhlokodolobha yamasheya eyi- € 150.000, kunaleyo ehamba nobuncane bomthetho obungu- € 60.000.
Inedumela eliphakeme
Ngaphandle kokungabaza, inkampani, enkulu noma encane, iyakwenza lokho ukwanda kwemali kwenza ngcono isithombe sakho, umkhiqizo wakho uyigugu phambi kwabahlinzeki ngisho namakhasimende.
Uyinyusa nini imali?
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ama-SME amaningi asungulwa ngobuncane obusemthethweni, futhi kancane kancane bayayandisa inhlokodolobha, uma benza kanjalo, ngoba inani lokuqala seliba lincane ngokusebenza kwenkampani.
Ochwepheshe bathi amabhizinisi amaningi awazi ukuthi kufanele awenyuse nini, noma nokuthi ukuqala ibhizinisi ngezinga elisemthethweni sekuvele kuyiphutha ebhizinisini, futhi kuzolimaka kungekudala noma kamuva.
Ochwepheshe bezebhizinisi baqinisekisa ukuthi kunezikhathi okungenani ezine lapho ukwenyuka kwemali yamasheya kucishe kube yisibopho, okuyilezi:
1. Lapho kunamathuba okukhula. Kunamathuba ebhizinisi angenakusetshenziswa ngenxa yokushoda kwemali. Imvamisa, akekho umuntu othatha imali mboleko emathubeni ebhizinisi ngamazinga athile engcuphe, futhi ibhizinisi liyathinteka noma limile. Lo mzuzu ulungele ukukhulisa inani lenkampani, ngaphandle kokukhokha inzalo ebhange.
2. Uma intengo ilungile. Ungahle udinge izeluleko maqondana nalokhu: cabanga ukuthi udinga i- € 100.000 ukuze utshale imali enkampanini yakho, kanti izindleko zokuyithola kungama-20% enkampani yakho. Mhlawumbe ngonyaka ozayo, thola lezo 100, bamele ama-45% enkampani yakho. Ochwepheshe baqinisekisa ukuthi umzuzu ongcono kakhulu lapho inzalo ilingana nentengo.
3. Lapho inkampani yakho idinga ukuthenga isikhathi. Ochwepheshe bezezimali babala ukuthi iminyaka emithathu yokuqala yezinkampani eziningi isebenza ngokulahleka, okusho ukuthi, yisikhathi lapho kutholakala khona utshalomali futhi kukhokhwa izikweletu zokwakha inkampani. Uma ungafuni ukulinda isikhathi eside kangako, noma ibhizinisi lihamba kancane, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthola abalingani noma ukwengeza imali yenkampani bese unciphisa leso sikhathi. Kepha kufanele kwenziwe ngonembeza, ngoba uzibeka engcupheni yokungena emthonjeni ojulile uma ibhizinisi lihluleka.
4. Lapho iseluleko sidingeka. Ukuvula iminyango yenkampani kozakwethu abasha akuyona inkinga yemali kuphela. Kwesinye isikhathi umnyango uvulelwa abatshalizimali abathile noma abalingani ngoba baletha isipiliyoni kanye nesizinda esikhulu kunaleso sabalingani, okubasiza ukuthi benze izinqumo ezingcono. Bangabalingani "abahola", kunokuba abatshalizimali.
Uyikhuphula kanjani imali?
Ukwanda kwemali Kubalulekile, kudinga ukuguqula izimiso zenkampani, ngakho-ke kufanele kulandelwe uchungechunge lwezinqubo ukulufeza, ukuze nikeza iziqinisekiso kozakwethu nakwabakweletwayo benkampani.
Ukucaciswa, kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezintathu:
1. Isivumelwano soMhlangano Jikelele wenkampani
I-2 Ukubulawa
3. Bhalisa ukukhuphuka kwesitoko sezimali
Okokuqala, kufanele kwenziwe isiphakamiso kusihlalo webhodi labaqondisi noma abaninimasheya ekwandisweni, nge-ajenda ehleliwe. Yize noma ngubani ophethe okungenani i-5% yenani lesitoko sezimali.
Ngaphezu kwengxenye yabaphethe isitoko senkampani kumele bavume ukwanda kwemali ngokungena kozakwethu abasha, nangokuphelele kwabo ukukhulisa inani lamasheya asevele ekhishiwe.
Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele kurekhodwe, ngokukhokhwa okugcwele uma kukhona utshalomali, kwi-Mercantile Registry kanye nokushicilelwa kwayo ku-BORME (IGazethi Esemthethweni yeRegistant Registry), okufana ne-BOE.
Umphumela owesabekayo wokuhlanjululwa
Yonke into inezingozi, nokukhuphuka kwemali nayo, futhi enye yazo yilokho okubizwa nge- "capital dilution". Kusho ukulahleka kwempahla okungenani koyedwa wabalingani maqondana nabanye, ngokungakwazi ukubhalisa noma ukuthenga amasheya enelungelo lawo kepha ongakwazi ukuwathola.
Kulula ngesibonelo: ISpain SA inabalingani abane kanye ne- € 4, ngezingxenye ezilinganayo, okungukuthi, € 100.000 lilinye, ngamasheya anenani elingu- € 25.000 lilinye.
Bafuna ukuliphinda kabili inani lenkampani, lifike ku- € 200.000, futhi banqume ukungabi nabalingani abasha, kodwa phakathi kwabo. Kuvela ukuthi ngamunye udinga ukutshala u- $ 25.000. Kepha ababili abanazo izinsizakusebenza, ngakho-ke bagcina isiteki sabo se- € 25.000, kanti abanye ababili bane- € 50.000.
Ababili babalingani babo banciphisa ubunikazi kusuka ku-25% kuya ku-12.5%, ngaleyo ndlela banciphisa amandla abo ezinzuzweni nasezinqumweni zenkampani.
Isiphetho
Izinkampani, ngaphandle kokuya kwifayela le- ukuthengiswa kwamasheya abo ku-Stock Exchange, bangathola imali ngokwandisa imali yabo eyabelwe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukwazi ukuyitshala ekuthengeni okusha, kubasebenzi noma kumathuluzi.
Kuyisihluthulelo ukukwenza ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuze inkampani ingami, yize kufanele yenziwe ngokucophelela, ngoba kunengozi yokwehliswa kwemali.