Enye yezinto eheha kakhulu ukunaka kwabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi izimakethe zokulingana emhlabeni jikelele ziyakhuphuka ngenxa yenkinga yezomnotho evelayo engxenyeni enkulu yomhlaba. Ngandlela-thile, kunjalo lididwe yileli qiniso, kepha uma izinto zichazwa, leli qiniso lokuthi izimakethe zezezimali ziyahamba ngalesi sikhathi esinembile lizoqondakala kangcono kancane. Ngoba kunezimbangela eziningi ezehlukile kwezinye izikhathi zokwehlisa imali ezithinte lezi zimpahla zezimali.
Ngalesi simo jikelele, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkomba ekhethiwe yezimali zaseSpain seyikhona amazinga amaphuzu angu-9.500 XNUMX. Ibhentshimakhi elingakaze libonwe izinyanga eziningi nokuthi kunoma yikuphi limelela okuphezulu kakhulu kulo nyaka. Ngqo lapho izimpawu zokwehla komnotho zibonakala kakhulu kunakuqala. Lapho i-Ibex 35 ivale iseshini ngokwenyuka okuncane futhi yabeka eduze kakhulu kwamaphoyinti angama-9.400, esimisweni esimakwe ukungabaza okwenziwe ngaseBrexit.
Ngamanye amagama, impilo yezimakethe zamasheya empeleni ayiyimbi. Uma kungenjalo ngokuphambene, kunethemba lokuthi inokwenza ngokulingene kahle ezinyangeni ezizayo. Iqiniso lokuthi iningi labatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abachazelwa ngoba ingxenye enhle yabo ishiye izikhundla zabo ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi izimakethe zezezimali zingakwazi uwe nodlame oluthile sibhekene neqiniso lokuthi inkinga entsha yezomnotho isifikile. Ngisho namanani azuze ngaphezu kwe-5% ngezikhathi zokuhweba zakamuva.
Ukuthengwa kabusha kwamasheya
Elinye lamaqiniso achaza ngokusobala okukhulu ukuthi izimakethe zamasheya azizange ziwe kulesi simo esisha sezomnotho ukuthi izinkampani ngokwazo ezibalulwe ezimakethe zamasheya zibuyisa amasheya azo ngenxa yemali ehlinzekwa izimakethe zezezimali njengomphumela wezinyathelo ezithuthukisiwe kusuka ku- I-European Central Bank (ECB). Kwezinye izimo, basebenzise amathuba amaconsi kuleli hlobo ukudala iphothifoliyo yemoto enezintengo ezincintisana kakhulu kunakuqala. Umphumela omkhulu ukuthi amandla ayo wokubuyekeza akhuphukile ngokuthenga izimpahla zezimali ngentengo eqondile engaphansi kwenani elihlosiwe lamasheya.
Lokhu bekulokhu kuwumkhuba ovamile kakhulu phakathi kwezinkampani ezakha inkomba ekhethiwe yezimali zaseSpain, i-Ibex 35. Kusuka emaqenjini asebhange kuya ezinkampanini zemishwalense, edlula kugesi nakuma-telecos futhi ngaphandle kokuhlukile. Leli qiniso livumele ukuthi kuzo zonke izimo ingcindezi yokuthenga ibikhona futhi ibekwa ezikhundleni ezimfishane. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu, abazuzi baleli su lokutshala imali ngabatshalizimali uqobo lwabo abathathe izikhundla ezimakethe zezimali. Lokhu kungachaza ukuthi ukuthambekela kwezimakethe zamasheya kungaphezu kokuncipha kulawa masonto okuhweba.
Inkinga yezomnotho: amanani entengo aphansi
Enye yezimbangela ezichaza ukuvela kwezimakethe zokulingana kwezezimali isinyathelo seBME sokwehlisa amanani enzalo endaweni ye-euro. Kuyiqiniso elizuzisa amasheya kubuyile kulesi sikhathi, njengoba sibona, hhayi kuphela emakethe yamasheya kazwelonke kodwa nakwalabo abasizungezile. Ngamanye amagama, amanani entengo ephansi ngokungangabazeki ayinzuzo ekuthuthukisweni okuphezulu ezimakethe zokulingana. Yize kungamazinga alinganiselwe kakhulu njengoba sibona kusikhathi ngasinye sokuhweba. Kepha kunoma yikuphi, kungenye into esiza ingcindezi yokuthenga ukuthi iziphoqelele ngokucacile.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, elinye iqiniso lokuthi lo mkhuba ufaka isandla ukuthi amanani aphansi avele ahlala isikhathi eside. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ngeke kube yizinyanga ezimbalwa, noma iminyaka futhi lokhu kwehliswa izimakethe zezimali. Kuyisimo esingakaze sibonwe nokuthi empeleni azikho ezinye izikhathi zomlando lapho sithuthukise khona. Futhi-ke lokhu kusizakala ngezandla eziqinile ezimakethe ezinqume ukuthatha izikhundla ngendlela enolaka kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ngoba bacabanga ukuthi bazokwazi ukwenza utshalomali lwabo lube nenzuzo esikhathini esilinganiselwe noma esincane.
Izimakethe zezezimali zilindele
Kunesizathu sesithathu, futhi esingabalulekanga kangako, sokuchaza lesi simo izimakethe zezimali ezizithola zikuso. Kuhlobene nezimakethe zezimali lindela okuzokwenzeka eminyakeni ezayo. Lokhu bekulokhu kunjalo futhi kuzoqhubeka kube njalo ekusebenziseni okuzayo kokuhweba. Ngalo mqondo, kungakhombisa ukuthi sebevele bayihlisile imiphumela emibi yesimo sokwehla kwamandla emali futhi kwanele ukwazi ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje izimakethe zamasheya zibe nemiphumela emibi, kokunye ngamaphesenti asondele ku-10%. Yebo, lo mbono ungakhombisa ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwamanje ezimakethe zamasheya, yize kulinganisiwe, kungahunyushwa njengendlela yokuphuma kulesi simo esingafunwa kakhulu ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimakethe zamasheya zilindele okungenzeka ngemuva kokuwohloka komnotho. Ngandlela thile, bazokhombisa ukuthi inkinga yomnotho wamazwe omhlaba izoba ne- isikhathi esilinganiselwe kakhulu nokubona ukuphuma kuyo. Ngamanye amagama, kungaba uphawu lwethemba abazobe belunikeza izimakethe zezimali futhi lokho kungathathwa ngabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ukwenza inzuzo yabo ekunikeleni kulezi zimpahla ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ngokwalokhu kubuka, kungaba yisibonakaliso esicacile ukuvula izikhundla ukwenza izikhundla zethu emakethe yamasheya zizuze.
Ukuncishiswa ezinyangeni ezedlule
Ngomunye umqondo, kuyadingeka futhi ukugcizelela ukuthi yize inkinga yamanje yezezimali umnotho omkhulu wezwe obhekene nayo iyathinta yonke imikhakha nama-stock indices, Yimabhange kanye nabanikazi bomshuwalense ababucayi kakhulu kulokhu kuwa, njengoba izikhungo ezithile zezimali zokutshala imali ebezidinga ukutakulwa yiziphathimandla zezimali zikazwelonke zikhulunywa. Le mikhakha iye yawa, kokunye kweqa ama-5% ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngisho namanye amabhange angamazwe alahlekelwe cishe lonke inani lemakethe yawo.
Ngumkhakha, ngakho-ke, ovezwe engcupheni eyengeziwe engaholela ekwehleni okuthe xaxa entengo yawo futhi, okunconywa ukuthi uhlale eceleni, okungenani kuze kuphele isivunguvungu esishaya izimakethe zamasheya okwamanje. Lapho imvamisa kungumbuzo wezokuphepha obonakala ngokuntengantenga kwabo okuncane kanye nokuqina abakulethayo ekuziphendukeleni kwemakethe yabo yamasheya, njengamanje baziphatha kakhulu, ngokukhishwa okuqinile okungafinyelela ku-10% phakathi kwenani labo eliphakeme nelincane futhi, ukuthengiswa okukhulu ngabatshalizimali, into engajwayelekile kulolu hlobo lwezokuphepha, kuze kube manje.
Ngale ndlela yokutshala imali, ngeke kulibaleke ukuthi kungaba yisibonakaliso esicacile sokungena kabusha ezimakethe zezimali ngenhloso yokuzuza ezikhundleni. Ngokusebenzisa isu elilodwa noma elinye lokutshala imali. Ngokwalokhu kubuka, kungaba yisibonakaliso esicacile ukuvula izikhundla ukwenza izikhundla zethu emakethe yamasheya zizuze. Yize kunezingozi ezithile ezifakwe yile misebenzi.
Ukuhweba emakethe yamasheya
Imakethe yamasheya yaseSpain ithengise ngamanani angama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-32.487 ngoSepthemba, 7,1% ngaphansi kwenyanga efanayo yonyaka odlule kanye no-15,9% ngaphezu kuka-Agasti, ngokusho kwedatha enikezwe yiBolsas y Mercados de España (BME). Lapho kukhonjiswa khona ukuthi inani lezingxoxo kulesi sikhathi esihlaziyiwe lalingu-3,07 million, 3,2% ngaphezulu kunangoSepthemba 2018 no-1,1% ngaphansi kunangenyanga eyedlule. Lapho kugcina isabelo semakethe esinqwabelene ekunikezweni kwenkontileka yezokuphepha zaseSpain ezingama-70,5%. Ububanzi obumaphakathi ngoSepthemba babungamaphuzu ayisisekelo angu-4,87 ezingeni lentengo yokuqala (u-10,8% ungcono kunendawo yokuhweba elandelayo) namaphoyinti ayisisekelo angu-7,03 ngokujula kwama- € 25.000 encwadini yoku-oda (okungcono ngama-30,9%).
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ngokusho kwemithombo ye-BME, ukuxoxisana emakethe yemali engenayo engaguquki kwaba ngama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-24.589. Lesi sibalo simele ukunyuka kwama-29,13% uma kuqhathaniswa nomthamo obhaliswe ngoSepthemba 2018. Inani eliphelele lenkontileka eliqongelelwe ngonyaka lifinyelele kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-269.642, ngokukhula konyaka ngo-81,7%. Umthamo owamukelwe ekuhwebeni emakethe yokuqala engenayo engaguquki kwakungu-20.731 wezigidi zama-euro, ngokunyuka okungu-29,5% uma kuqhathaniswa nenyanga edlule nokuncipha kuka-25,6% uma kuqhathaniswa noSepthemba wangonyaka odlule. Ibhalansi esalele ikhule ngo-2,94% ngonyaka futhi yafinyelela kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,6.