Mhlawumbe abatshalizimali abaningi abazi ukuthi izimali zokutshala imali zingazenza zibe semthethweni kwezinye izimali ngaphandle kwe-euro. Le misebenzi yenzeka ngaphezu kwakho konke kufayela le- Idola laseMelika, kodwa hhayi kuphela. Ngoba impela, bayamukelwa kuma-franc aseSwitzerland, imiqhele yaseNorway noma i-yen yaseJapan. Kepha kuhlakaniphe kakhulu ukuhlaziya ukuthi ngabe lezi zinhlobo zokuhamba ezimakethe zezimali zingaba nenzuzo emiphumeleni yazo. Ngenhloso yokwandisa inzuzo yalo mkhiqizo wezezimali, noma ngabe iyiphi impahla yezezimali esekwe kuyo.
Izimali zokutshala imali ezisuselwa kwizimali ezingezona i-euro ziyindlela etholakalayo kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kuya ngokuthi i ukuvela kwalezi zimpahla zezimali nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Yize kuyisu lokutshala imali elinobungozi obukhulu ekuqashweni kwalo. Ukuze kufinyelele ezingeni lokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abanenzuzo encane kunaleyo exhunywe ne-euro. Kunoma ikuphi, kuyisinqumo okumele abatshalizimali uqobo basenze. Ukuze ekugcineni ubone umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamamodeli athile nezinye.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bakhona ngazo zonke izindlela ezimali zokutshala imali. Kusuka kulabo abasuselwa ezimakethe zamasheya kuya emalini engenayo engaguquki noma ngisho nakwezinketho zemali noma ezinye izindlela. Ngalo mqondo, kufanelekile ukugqamisa iqiniso lokuthi lezi zimali ezikhethekile kakhulu zokutshalwa kwemali azihlawuliswa ekuqaleni amakhomishini afuna ngenkani kunamamodeli wendabuko noma ajwayelekile. Ngoba kuyisici esingathinti ukwakheka kwalesi sigaba semikhiqizo yotshalo-mali. Kukuphi okuphawuleka kwalesi sigaba sezimali ezikhetheke kakhulu.
Izimali zemali: izinzuzo zazo
Okokuqala nje, sizohlaziya ezinye zezinzuzo ezitholwa ngokuthola lezi zimali zokutshala imali. Lapho ingavumela khona inzuzo etholwe abanikazi bayo ukuba ibe phezulu ngenxa yokusebenza kangcono maqondana nemali eyodwa yaseYurophu. Ngale ndlela, iyatholakala ku- thuthukisa amamajini wokulamula zingakhuliswa, yize kungenakwenzeka ngendlela ebabazekayo. Uma kungenjalo, ngokuphambene nalokho, ingavela kumaphoyinti angafika koyedwa noma amabili. Esinye isici okufanele usicabangele ukuthi lokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo akuhlali kungunaphakade, kepha kuphela ngokwesisekelo esithile.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimali zokutshala imali ezisuselwa kwizimali ezingezona i-euro zibonakaliswa ngaphezu kwakho konke ngokutholakala kwazo okukhulu kwe- imali yokonga kusuka kulezi zikhathi eziqondile. Kulokho okwenziwa njengokushintshaniswa kokonga esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi ikakhulukazi futhi ngokungafani nokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya ebuswa indlela ehluke kakhulu. Kulokho okuvezwe njengecebo lokuthi abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi bangakhetha kusuka manje.
Izingozi kule misebenzi
Leli su lokutshala imali, ngakolunye uhlangothi, liyaqhubeka okuhlala kungathandeki kangako ngezintshisekelo zabanikazi balo mkhiqizo wezezimali. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngalokhu ukuthi izimali zalezi zici zihlukaniswa nobungozi bazo obukhulu ekusebenzeni okwenziwe. Ngoba, ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, bangalahlekelwa yimikhawulo ethile enzuzweni yabo yokuqala futhi lokho kungaholela ekutheni lezi zimali zokutshala imali zingabi nandaba nokuqashwa kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Ngokulingana phakathi kwenzuzo nobungozi obukhulu kunasezimalini ezithathwa njengezendabuko esakhiweni sazo. Ngokunjalo, konke kuzoncika emalini ababhalise ngayo ngoba ingathinta umholo wabo wesikhathi esizayo. Ngoba omunye wale mikhiqizo ongene ngayo ngamadola aseMelika awufani nakwimiqhele yaseNorway.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, akunakwenzeka ukuthi babe njalo ukubhaliswa kwesikhathi eside ngoba ungaholela kokumangala okungaphezulu kokukodwa okungakuholela ekunciphiseni inani langempela lazo. Ngokunjalo, kuyadingeka ukugcizelela iqiniso lokuthi imisebenzi kumele iphothulwe ngesikhathi esifushane. Ukugwema izimo ezingafuneki kakhulu kwabasindisi abancane nabaphakathi abangavela ezimeni ezingezinhle ezimakethe zezezimali, zombili ezivela emalini nasezimalini ezingenayo. Ngokuncipha okubaluleke kakhulu ekulinganisweni kwezibambiso nokuthi ekugcineni kungakudalela enye inkinga yokukhokha.
Ukuvikelwa kwemali
Kunoma ikuphi, kunesu lokulungisa lezi zinkinga ezingaba khona zezimali kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwalezi zici futhi lokho akuyona enye ngaphandle kokuzibhalisela nge isigatshana sokuvikelwa kwemali. Ukuze ngale ndlela ube sesimweni sokuzivikela ekuguqulweni okuhlala kwenzeka ezimakethe zemali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyadingeka futhi ukuthi ucabangele ngalezi zikhathi ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuthi lezi zinhlangano zilawulwe kusukela ekwakhiweni kwazo ukuze kugwenywe izimo ezingakushiya nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene esitatimendeni semali oyifakile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi maqondana nokuphathwa kwezimakethe zemali, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwelashwa kwama-oda wemali afakwe ngezinsizakalo ezisebenza ngalezi zimpahla zezimali akuhlukile kulokho okutholwe yinoma yimuphi omunye umyalo, osebenza ekubaleni yenzuzo yemali evela ekuthengisweni yindlela ebizwa nge- "FIFO", okungukuthi, kubhekwa njengemali kabani usuku lokutholwa Yindala ngaphandle kwe-akhawunti yamanje nebhizinisi lapho iklayenti linemali efakwe kuyo. Ngokuyisisekelo, le ndlela isuselwa eqinisweni lokuthi into yokuqala, iyona nto yokuqala ukuphuma, yingakho ukuhlolwa kwayo kuvunyelaniswa nobunjalo bemakethe, ngoba isebenzisa ukulinganisa okususelwa kuzindleko zakamuva kakhulu.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzokhuphuka ukuqoqwa kwamakhomishini okuphatha akhethekile esimweni esithile lapho isikhungo sezezimali siphoqeleka ukuba sisebenzele iklayenti ukuvala izikhundla ezihlala zivulekile ekupheleni kweseshini ngayinye, okuyi imvamisa isuka kuma-euro angama-20 kuye kwangama-40 kanye nephesenti elithile kunani elitshaliwe. Ngokufanayo, bangamiswa okwesikhashana uma isimo semakethe noma isimo esivulekile somhlaba wonke sincoma abalamuli bezezimali. Njengoba nje badinga ukuqashwa njalo kokuma kwabo okuvulekile nokusebenza ngokucophelela ukuqoqa inzuzo noma, lapho kufanele khona, bakhawulele ukulahleka ngokuvala isikhundla.
Ungayithuthukisa kanjani iminyakazo?
Ngokuya ngokushintshashintsha kwemali okulindelekile, kungathengwa noma kuthengiswe ukuze kamuva kwenziwe umsebenzi obuyela emuva ngentengo ephansi noma ephakeme ngokulandelana, ngenxa yalokhu kusebenza inzuzo enkulu ingatholwa, yize ukuvela okungathandeki nakho kungathwala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu. Engcupheni yokuthi ngisho ulahlekelwe yimali ekusebenzeni okwenziwe ngaphansi kwaleli su ekutshalweni kuyisici.
Amanye amabhizinisi avumela ukusebenza kule makethe ngesikhathi sangempela, afake phakathi kwesi-1% no-5% sesiqinisekiso, esengeza ukuguquguquka okukhulu nokushesha ekutshalweni kwemali. Njengasemakethe yezimali, ama-oda nawo angasetshenziswa lapha Ima ukumisa ukulahleka noma ukuqoqa inzuzo, okuyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lezintshisekelo zabatshalizimali abancane.
Inzuzo yesikhwama
Ithemba elikhona ezimakethe zezimali lenze ukuthi kube lula ukugcina ukuthambekela kwezinyanga ezedlule ngokujwayelekile ezimakethe zomhlaba ezihlukile. I-Ibex ikhule ngo-1,0% kanti ezinye izimakethe zase-Europe zibhalise ukunyuka okuphezulu. Imakethe yamasheya aseMelika ivelele, inkomba yayo ebhentshimakhi I-S & P500 ithande i-3,4%. Ezimakethe zemali engenayo ezingaguquki, ama-IRR wesikweletu somphakathi sesikhathi eside abuyisa amazinga kaJuni, ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, i-IRR yesibopho seminyaka eyishumi yaseSpain ifinyelela ku-10% kusuka ku-0,39% ngenyanga edlule, kuyilapho inzuzo ye IGerman Bund yesikhathi esifanayo ivala ngo -0,23% uma iqhathaniswa no -0,37%, ngokusho kwe-Association of Collective Investment Institutions and Pension Funds (Inverco).
Iphrimiyamu yengozi eSpain inyukela kuma-78 bps (ama-64 bps ngoSepthemba). Izinga lokushintshaniswa le-euro uma liqhathaniswa nedola livaliwe ngo-1,10, elimele ukubongwa kwedola uma liqhathaniswa ne-euro engaphezulu kwe-1%. Kulesi simo, Izikhwama Zotshalomali zibhalise inzuzo enhle ka-2019% ngoNovemba 0,77, okuyilapho zithola inzuzo engama-6,5% ezinyangeni eziyishumi nanye zokuqala zonyaka, okuyisilinganiso esingokomlando esinqwabelene kuze kube manje. Nakulokhu futhi, imikhakha yeZikhwama Zotshalomali ezinokuchayeka okukhulu ezitokisini zithole inzuzo enhle yobukhulu obukhulu noma obuncane, yize ngoNovemba i-US International Equities yagqama, ngezivuno ezizungeze u-4%, eseziqoqelene nazo kulo lonke u-2019 a inzuzo engaphezu kuka-24% ezinyangeni eziyishumi nanye kuphela. Njengoba nje badinga ukuqashwa njalo kokuma kwabo okuvulekile nokusebenza ngokucophelela ukuqoqa inzuzo noma, lapho kufanele khona, bakhawulele ukulahleka ngokuvala isikhundla.