Ukuphahlazeka isitokwe exchange Ukuwa okumile kwezimakethe zamasheya ngesikhathi esingeqile ngokweqile futhi lokho kuboniswa ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi i-current current ibekwa ngokucacile okukhulu kumthengi. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi intengo yamasheya yehla ukwehlisa umkhawulo ongabalwa abatshalizimali abambalwa kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, lezi zinhlobo zokuhamba azijwayelekile kakhulu futhi zenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuba, noma kunjalo, okunye ukwesaba okucashile ezimakethe zezimali.
Ngokuqondile ngalesi sikhathi, amazwi abanye abahlaziyi bezezimali aphakanyisiwe - hhayi abaningi okwamanje - ababikezela ukuthi singaba onqenqemeni lokunye kwalokhu kuhamba akufuneki nhlobo abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngenxa yesikweletu esikhulu esikhona emazweni kanye nebhamu elenziwa maqondana nezikweletu zomphakathi. Impela, ama-alamu ayaphazamisa kakhulu kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi sibhekene nokuphahlazeka okunjengaleyo yango-1929 noma eminye efana nayo.
Kunoma ikuphi, kuzobaluleke kakhulu ukubuyekeza konke ukuhamba kwalezi zici okuvele emhlabeni kusukela ngo-1929. Ukuze ngale ndlela, silindele imiphumela ebhubhisayo, hhayi kuphela emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba kepha engxenyeni enkulu yabantu. Ngendlela yokwehla komnotho, ukungasebenzi, ukwehla kwemakethe yamasheya, ukuguquguquka kwemali, njll. Ngamafuphi, ngesinye sezimo ezimbi kakhulu noma yimuphi umnotho ongahlupheka ngalesi sikhathi.
Ukuphahlazeka kokuqala kwemakethe yamasheya emlandweni
U-1929 kuzoba unyaka ozokwaziwa ngokomlando ngokwakha enye yezinhlangano eziyingozi kakhulu emnothweni wezwe kuwo wonke umlando wawo. Njengoba abafundi bangacabanga ukuthi sibhekise ekuphahlazekeni komhlaba wonke okwaziwa ngama-29. Kodwa bekuyini lokhu kusebenza okunquma ukuvela komlando engxenyeni enkulu yamazwe omhlaba? Yebo, empeleni ukuphahlazeka kwama-29 ?? Kwakuyingozi enkulu emakethe yamasheya emlandweni we Imakethe yamasheya e-United States.
Kepha uma yaziwa ngokuthile kulezi zinsuku, kungenxa yokuthi imvelaphi embi yalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yiLa Ukucindezeleka okukhulu nokuthi kuthinte amazwe ase-United States nawaseYurophu. Lapho ukufakwa kwemisebenzi nobumpofu kwafakwa engxenyeni enhle yezinhlaka zayo zomphakathi nokuthi ekugcineni kwaphela ngokufika kohulumeni abanobukhosi eYurophu futhi kamuva ngokuthuthukiswa kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili eyenzeka phakathi kuka-1941 no-1944 nemiphumela yabo bonke kwaziwa.
Ukuphahlazeka kwesitoko kuma-30s
Vele, umphumela ofanele kakhulu wokuphahlazeka kwama-29 wenzeka ezimakethe zamasheya ngokungaboni okwehlayo kumanani ezinkampani ezibhalwe kumholo oguqukayo. Ngenxa yalokhu kusebenza okubi ezimakethe zokulingana kwezezimali, imindeni eminingi yalahlekelwa yimali eyongelwe impilo yayo. I- ubumpofu bomphakathi yaba ngaphezu kwelungelo lobunikazi futhi yadluliselwa kwamanye amazinga omphakathi. Akumangalisi ukuthi intengo yamasheya emakethe yamasheya cishe yayingekho, yize lesi simo kunzima ukusiphinda kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, asikwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi ngemuva kokunyakaza kwezici ezinjalo, kufika isimo sokuthola amathuba lapho kuvela khona amathuba amakhulu ebhizinisi lapho amasheya ethula okuthile amanani ngaphezu kokuhlekisa. Yilapho izandla eziqinile zemakethe zisebenza khona, zisebenzisa lesi simo esimangazayo kodwa esikhethekile ukuqagela nokwenza inzuzo enhle. Ngenkathi ingxenye enhle yabantu ilahlekelwe cishe yikho konke.
Okunye ukuphahlazeka emlandweni
Kunoma ikuphi, kungaba yiphutha elikhulu ukucabanga ukuthi ukuphahlazeka kwama-29 kwakuyinto eyedwa emlandweni. Vele sekube neziqephu eziningi zalolu hlobo yize azange babe nodlame olungaka ekudaluleni ubukhulu bayo. Sizobukeza kafushane lezi zehlakalo ezenzeke phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Bekungekho okuningi, kepha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda kancane ukuthi izimakethe zamasheya zimeleni namuhla. Lapho mhlawumbe wena uqobo ukwazile ukuchitha ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenhlokodolobha etholakalayo ukuze utshale imali.
Ngenxa yokuba seduze kwayo, okunye ukuwa okubaluleke kakhulu okuke kwenzeka eminyakeni yamuva ngoka-2008, okwabangelwa inkinga yezimali eyaziwayo futhi nemiphumela yayo engase izwakale engxenyeni enkulu yabantu. Kusukela kulesi simo, inkomba ebhentshini yemakethe yamasheya yaseSpain, i-Ibex 35, yehle cishe ngo-10%, kanye nezimakethe eziningi zamasheya zomhlaba ngemuva kokuqothuka kwe Lehman Brothers nokusabalala kwenkinga yezezimali evela e-United States. Imakethe lapho ukulahlekelwa kwakukukhulu kakhulu, kwehla ngo-20% ngamahora ambalwa nje.
Ukugubha iBrexit
Ngokwako ngeke kubhekwe njengokuphahlazeka ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama, kepha kube ngesinye sezikhathi lapho ukulungiswa emakethe yamasheya kube okuqine kakhulu emlandweni. Ngalo mqondo, kwanele ukukhumbula ukuthi ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva kwenhlolovo kwakuwusuku olumnyama lwezimakethe zamasheya zase-Europe, futhi-ke futhi ne-Ibex 35. Inkomba yaseSpain yabhekana nokuwa okukhulu emlandweni wayo, ngokuncipha kuka ngaphansi kwe 13% futhi ufinyelele amazinga aphansi kakhulu asondele kakhulu kumaphoyinti angama-7.500 XNUMX. Lapho bekukhona khona izigcawu zokwethuka phakathi kwabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Kodwa-ke, kulezi zikhathi ezibucayi kunezindlela zokuvikela ezinkulu kunakuqala futhi lokhu kusizile ukuvimbela ukuqina kwezimpophoma ukuthi kujule ngalezo zikhathi. Hhayi ngeze, ama-oda wokuthengisa abekwa nge-crystal clear ekuthengeni. Emazingeni angakhunjulwa iminyaka eminingi, nokuthi kuhle kanjani ukuthi abatshalizimali abaningi balahlekelwe yimali eningi ngalezo zinsuku ezikhethekile ezimakethe ezinkulu zezimali zomhlaba.
UMsombuluko omnyama ezikhwameni
Muva nje, asikwazi ukukhohlwa lo mcimbi owenzeka ngo-1987 futhi ozophinde ungene emlandweni njengesinye sezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezimakethe zezimali. Kwakungathi pukuphahlazeka komlando ngokuwa kosuku olulodwa. Kubangela ukwehla kwesilinganiso esikhethekile nokuthi kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba wonke kufinyelele kuma-40%. Izizathu zalezinhlangano ezinodlame kumele zitholakale ekuhlolweni ngokweqile kwezimakethe zezezimali, inkinga yezimali, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke ukwethuka kwengqondo phakathi kwabatshalizimali emhlabeni jikelele.
Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva kwaba nokunye ukuphahlazeka okuncane okwakungamandla amancane futhi okwadalwa ukusabela ngokweqile ezindabeni zokuthi ukutholwa okutholakele kwehlulekile ukubhekana nenkampani yomzali Lufthansa. Nakulokhu futhi, amasheya ezimakethe zezimali ehle kakhulu futhi, yize isikhathi sawo sasikhawulelwe ngesikhathi, ngaphezu kokunye ukucatshangelwa kwezobuchwepheshe futhi nangombono oyisisekelo. Kunoma ikuphi, ngolunye usuku okufanele luhlelwe emlandweni wokuhwebelana kwamasheya emhlabeni jikelele.
Inkinga yezimali yase-Asia yase-1997
Kube ukuphahlazeka kwemali elinganiselwe kakhulu, kepha okuthinte izinkulungwane ngezinkulungwane zabatshalizimali noma kunjalo. Kulesi senzakalo, kwaqala emazweni kuqhamuka e-Asia ukusakazeka kamuva kwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokwesaba ukutheleleka ngezezimali okungaholela ekuweni. Kwakunokuwa okuphawuleka kakhulu, kepha kungukuhambisana kweminyakazo echazwe phambilini. Lapho imakethe yezimali nayo ibingomunye wabathinteke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okwenziwe.
Futhi asikwazi ukukhohlwa okuthiwa Ulwesithathu omnyama ezimakethe zamasheya zase-Europe nokuthi kulokhu kubangelwe yisinqumo sikahulumeni wase-United Kingdom sokuhoxisa iphawundi ku-European Exchange Rate Mechanism. Kepha uma le nkinga yaziwa ngokuthile, kungenxa yokuthi umtshali-zimali uGeorge Soros wenza izinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane zamarandi ngenzuzo emakethe yezimali zangaphandle. Kulokho okwaziwayo ukuthi kwakukhona ukukhohlisa kwakhe ngokumelene nemali yaseGreat Britain futhi lapho lo mlingiswa aphuma khona eqinisiwe futhi ikakhulukazi ngezigidi eziningi ngaphezulu ku-akhawunti yakhe yamanje.
Ekugcineni, kufanelekile ukugqamisa Inkinga yezimali yaseRussia okwenzeka ngo-Agasti 17, 1998. Ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwentengo kawoyela kwaba nemiphumela emibi eRussia nakwamanye amazwe ezimakethe zezimali emhlabeni. Ngamaconsi abalulekile emakethe yamasheya kepha ebenomkhawulo ebangeni lawo kuqhathaniswa nokunye ukunyakaza kokubaluleka okukhethekile. Futhi manje kufanele silinde futhi sibone ukuthi isinyathelo esilandelayo sizoba yini ezimakethe zezimali kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Uma kwenzeka ungahlakulela esinye isigameko salezi zici.