Isinqumo se-European Central Bank (ECB) sokulibazisa ukukhuphuka kwamanani wenzalo endaweni ye-euro siveze ukwehluka kwentengo yezokuphepha komkhakha wamabhange nezinkampani zikagesi. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi bamakiwe umehluko ongaphezu kuka-10% ekuguqukeni kwamanani abo futhi lokho kungenza ukutshalwa kwemali kube nenzuzo noma cha ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngalo mqondo, ingakutshela ukuthi amanani alezi zimakethe zamasheya ahluke ngokuphelele futhi indlela yokuziphatha kwayo kumele ihlaziywe ukwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi ezimakethe zezimali.
Wake waba ngumongameli we-European Central Bank, UMario Draghi, waveza ukuthi bekungeke kube nezinguquko kunqubomgomo yemali ye-European Union, ukusabela komunye nomunye wale mikhakha kuhluke ngokuphelele. Ngenkathi amabhange abhalwe emakethe yamasheya ehle phakathi kuka-4% no-7%, izinkampani zikagesi zibonge cishe u-2%. Akumangalisi ukuthi kwakukhona abatshalizimali abaningi abashintsha isu kuphothifoliyo yabo yokutshala imali. Njengoba bekuyiminyaka eminingi, ibingakavezwa ezimakethe zezimali zikazwelonke.
Ngalesi simo esejwayelekile, esinye sezizathu zokuchaza lokhu kuhamba ezimakethe zezimali ukuthi amanani omkhakha kagesi asebenze amanani wokuphephela sibhekene nalesi simo esisha semali. Ukuba yingxenye ethathwa njengenye yokuzivikela kunazo zonke. Lapho kujwayelekile kakhulu ukuthi ngaphambi kokuwa kwezimakethe zamasheya kukhomba ukuthi amasheya abo abonga kakhulu. Ngoba bakhiqiza ukuthula okukhulu phakathi kwabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ngenxa yezici ezikhethekile zalezi zinkampani ezibalwe.
Umkhakha webhange: awuzuzi kangako
Ukuwa kwemakethe yamasheya emabhange phakathi nesonto eledlule kubangelwe kakhulu ukuthi ngesimo somhlaba wonke esinamanani wenzalo aphansi kakhulu njengalawa amanje, inzuzo yawo yehla. Lokho kusho ukuthi, abakwazi ukuthuthukisa inzuzo yabo yebhizinisi ngoba bathola imali encane ngokuthola inkontileka yanoma yimuphi umugqa wesikweletu: owomuntu siqu, osetshenziswayo futhi nemalimboleko ebanjiswayo. Izinzuzo zayo zihlupheka ngentengo eshibhile yemali. Ngalo mqondo, ngeke kulibaleke ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi inani lenzalo endaweni ye-euro lingu-0%, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kwenani.
Ngenxa yalesi simo, ukukhuphuka kwamanani yi-European Central Bank kungasho ukuthi izikhungo zezezimali zingakwazi thuthukisa amamajini wakho wokulamula ngakho-ke yandisa izinzuzo zakho zonyaka. Yebo, lokhu kuyinto engakaze izuzwe ngenxa yobuthakathaka bezomnotho ezwenikazi elidala, njengoba kushiwo inhloko ye-ECB, u-Italy u-Mario Draghi. Izolinda, okwamanje, ngonyaka ozayo ukuthi kwenziwe iminyakazo yokuqala emakethe yemali. Ngokubambezeleka kokucatshangelwe izinyanga ezimbalwa futhi lokhu kuthinte kabi amabhange.
Izinkampani zikagesi zahlomula
Umphumela wokuqala oye waba nawo ngemuva kwamazwi kamongameli we-European Central Bank ukuthi ingxenye enhle yenhlokodolobha ebibekwe emaqenjini ezezimali idluliselwe ezinkampanini zikagesi. Ngomfutho ongatholakali iminyaka eminingi futhi oboniswe ngevolumu ephezulu kakhulu yezingxoxo futhi lokho kunikeza ubuqiniso obukhulu ekushintsheni kwamaphothifoliyo okutshalwa kwezimali. Manje kusazobonwa ukuthi ngabe le nhlangano ingeyesikhashana nje kuphela noma kunalokho iyaqhubeka esikhathini sayo saphakade. Kunoma ikuphi, yisikhathi esifanele sokushintsha amasu okutshala imali ngoba akungabazeki ukuthi imali eningi isengozini ngalezi zikhathi zokuhweba.
Izinkampani zikagesi zibonakala ngokuyisisekelo zazo ukungazinzi okuphansi. Lokho wukuthi, bethula umehluko phakathi kwamanani entengo abo abekiwe kanye nawaphansi aphambili kakhulu. Ngokuhlukahluka okungahluka phakathi kuka-2% no-3%, okwenza lawa manani alungele kakhulu amaphothifoliyo alondolozeka kakhulu noma avikelayo esikhathini esifushane, esiphakathi nesikhathi eside. Lapho kunezimali eziningi ezijikeleza izikhundla zazo zibhekene nalesi simo esisha esenziwe ngemuva kwesinqumo se-European Central Bank. Ngokwengxenye enhle yabahlaziyi ezimakethe zezimali njengoba kwakungalindelekile.
Shintsha iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali
Kunamasu amaningana abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abangawamukela lapho bebhekene nalokhu isimo esisha kumanani wenzalo. Okusho ukuthi, bahlala ku-0%, njengoba bekulokhu kwenzeka kusukela ngo-2013 ukuzama ukuvuselela umnotho emazweni ezwekazi elidala. Ngalo mqondo, isinyathelo sokuqala okumele abatshalizimali abathengisayo basithathe ukuguqula ingxenye yotshalomali isuke ezikhundleni ezivulekile ezikhungweni zezezimali iye ezinkampanini zikagesi. Kokubili maqondana nokuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya ezimakethe zezimali kanye nasezimalini zokutshala izimali noma nakulokho okusohlwini.
Lelisu lingenziwa ngolaka noma lenziwe ngokulinganisela ngokuya ngephrofayili yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Kulesi simo esivamile, ungalinda ukubona ukuthi ukuvela kwale mikhakha yamasheya kuyini kuleli sonto kuze kube yenza isinqumo sokugcina ekwakhiweni kwephothifoliyo elandelayo yezokuphepha. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe futhi mhlawumbe futhi kusukela ekubukeni kwezisekelo zayo. Ngenhloso eyodwa yokungenzi iphutha isu elizosetshenziswa ngabatshalizimali kusukela manje kuqhubeke.
Ukulinganisa ugesi ezindaweni eziphakeme
Inkinga enkulu ekwenzeni lelisu lokutshala imali ilele ekutheni i intengo ezinkampanini zikagesi ziphakeme kakhulu nangobungozi bokuhlushwa okulukhuni ezinyangeni ezizayo. Ngalo mqondo, akukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi eziningi zalezi zinkampani zisesimweni esiphakeme kakhulu. Njengasekukhuphukeni kwamahhala, okusho ukuthi abasenakho ukumelana nokubaluleka okuthile okusengaphambili. Kepha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, lo mkhuba ungashintsha njengoba kungekho okwenyuka noma okuphansi unomphela ezimakethe zezimali, njengoba abatshalizimali abanolwazi oluningi ekusebenzeni ukwenza imali ngokulondolozwa kwabo bazi kahle kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlelo olusebenza kahle kakhulu lokonga ngokunenzuzo kusukela manje kuqhubeke futhi lukhethe amanani womkhakha kagesi engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka. Futhi, nge isivuno sedividendi esiphezulu kakhulu, kusuka ku-5% kuya ku-7% ngokukhokha okungaguquki nokuqinisekisiwe minyaka yonke. Enye yezimakethe zokulingana zikazwelonke ezifanele kakhulu okwamanje. Kepha esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside lokhu kungaba wutshalomali olunenzuzo encane kunalolo olususelwa emabhange. Akumangalisi ukuthi amandla ayo okwazisa awaphakeme kangako.
Iphothifoliyo kwikota yesibili
Kuzoba engxenyeni yesibili yalo nyaka lapho kuzofanele sibheke emuva emabhange. Noma okungenani lapho kunezimpawu ezimayelana ne- a ukukhuphuka kwamanani wenzalo yi-European Central Bank. Phakathi kwezinye izizathu, ngoba yize kukhona konke, banamandla wokubuyekeza okuphakeme kakhulu. Kwezinye iziphakamiso zemakethe yamasheya ngisho nangaphezulu kwama-30% ngenxa yokwehla kokucushwa kwamanani azo enzeke ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili ezedlule. Ngokwalo mbono, ukutshala imali emkhakheni wamabhange kungaba umsebenzi onenzuzo enkulu uma ukunyakaza kuqondiswe esikhathini eside.
Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, lapho i-ECB imemezela ukukhuphuka kwentengo yemali, akungabazeki ukuthi amabhange azokhuphuka ngamandla amakhulu nangokuqina. Okungabalulekile kangako ukuthi kuzofanele sikulungele ukuthi kwenzeka nini konke lokhu futhi kuzobonakala maphakathi nonyaka ozayo, njengoba umongameli we-European Central Bank, uMario Draghi, ekhombisile esitatimendeni sakhe. Manje umbuzo uzoba zilungiselele lolu shintsho olukhulu kumkhuba kunqubomgomo yemali yomphakathi. Ukuze abatshalizimali bangazitholi ngonyawo olushintshile, njengoba kwenzekile kaningi.
Kunoma ikuphi, nangemva kokwenza lokhu kuhlaziywa, ukwehluka okukhona phakathi kwezindinganiso zemikhakha yasebhange neyegesi kucacile. Okungaphezulu kakhulu kwabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abakholelwa. Futhi umehluko ongenza ama-euro amaningi kusitatimende semali engenayo esenziwe ngemuva kokuhamba ezimakethe zezimali. Lapho kungeke kube khona okunye abangakwenza ngaphandle kokuba semkhakheni ofanele ngesikhathi esifanele, okuyisifiso sayo yonke ingxenye enkulu yabasebenzisi be-stock market. Ukuze ngale ndlela, uqhubeke nokukhulisa ibhalansi ye-akhawunti yakho yokonga kusuka kulezi zikhathi eziqondile. Okungaphezulu kakhulu kwabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abakholelwa.