I-European Central Bank (ECB) ithathe isinqumo ngalo Lwesine sokugcina inzalo ingashintshi kuze kube isigamu sokuqala sika-2020. Ngamanye amagama, inani lenzalo elisebenza emisebenzini eyinhloko yokuxhaswa kabusha kwemali kanye namazinga wenzalo asebenza esikhungweni semali eseceleni esezingeni eliphansi nendawo yokugcina imali izohlala ingashintshiwe ku-0%, 0,25% no -0,40, XNUMX%, ngokulandelana nakuyo yonke indawo ye-euro . Isilinganiso, okungalindelekile, siphinde sasiza izimakethe zezimali ezithole izindaba kahle ngokulingene.
“Ukunikela okuhle kwamazinga wenzalo engemihle ekuhlanganyeleni okuqhubekayo kwamandla emali kanye nesimo sokuhlala akucekelwa phansi yimiphumela engaba khona ekuxhumaneni kwamabhange. Kodwa-ke, sizoqhubeka nokuqapha isimo ”, umemezele. UMario Draghi, UMongameli we-European Central Bank (ECB), ukuxhasa lesi sinqumo. Yize kuliqiniso ukuthi akuzona zonke izimali zaseYurophu ezitholile isilinganiso somphakathi ngentshiseko efanayo.
Kunoma ikuphi, lesi sinqumo esithathwe ngaphakathi kwe-ECB saculwa ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwemininingwane yakamuva yezomnotho omkhulu. Lapho kukhona ukwehla okubonakalayo komnotho endaweni ye-euro nalapho amanye amazwe asevele esendaweni engeyinhle. Yilokhu okwenzeka ku IJalimane ne-Italy futhi ngalesi simo, akukho okunye okungenziwa ngenqubomgomo yemali. Ngamanye amagama, okungenani kulo nyaka sizoqhubeka esimweni esifanayo futhi lokhu njalo kuyizindaba ezinhle kubatshali zimali abancane nabaphakathi.
Amanani wenzalo ngo-0% ngo-2019
Isikhundla esithathiwe singenxa yethemba elibi lokukhula komnotho endaweni ye-euro. Yize kulo mcimbi, i-European Central Bank nayo isibukezile i- ukubonwa kwezomnotho kuze kube ngu-2021, kokubili ukukhula nokwehla kwamandla emali. Ngalo mqondo, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi i-2018 iphele ngokunyuka kwamandla emali endaweni ye-euro engu-1,8%, kanti ngokuphambene nalokho, ukukhula nakho bekuyi-1,8%. Izibikezelo ezenziwe yi-ECB zango-2019 zithuthukisa ukukhula kusuka ku-1,1% kuya ku-1,2%, ngenkathi yehliswa isuka ku-1,6% yaya ku-1,4% ngonyaka we-2020 futhi isuka ku-1,5% yaya ku-1,4, XNUMX% kungakapheli iminyaka emibili.
Ngale mininingwane esetafuleni, akukwazanga ukwenza esinye isinqumo semali futhi kunoma yisiphi isimo bekuyindlela engaphezu kokulindelekile ezimakethe zezimali zezwekazi elidala. Yize ekupheleni kweseshini yokuhweba izimakethe zamasheya zikhona wahlala flat ngemuva kwethemba lokuqala. Osukwini lapho imakethe yamasheya isuke kokunye kuya kokuncane futhi manje okucutshungulwayo umthelela ekwehleni kokukhula komnotho, ngokulungiswa kwamaphesenti ambalwa eshumini kulokho eyayikulindele eminyakeni emithathu ezayo. Futhi le nto ayisathandi abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi kakhulu.
Ukwamukelwa okungalingani ngamanani
Ukusabela kwamasheya kazwelonke bekungafani, kude nawo. Bekulokhu kuyigugu lomkhakha kagesi othole isinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokuthi amanani enzalo ngeke akhuphuke kuze kufike engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka wezi-2020. Ngokwenyuka kokucushwa kwamanani abo ukuthi zisuka ku-1% ziye ku-2%. Futhi lapho ukudonsa okuqinile okuya phezulu u-Endesa abhekane nakho (+ 2%) kuvela, obekuzungeze ama-euro angama-23 ngesabelo ngasinye futhi osekuvele kusondele kakhulu kwinani lokukhuphuka kwamahhala. Lokhu kuhamba phambili kunakho konke ngoba akusenakho ukumelana phambili futhi kunendlela ecacile yokubhekisa kuma-euro angama-20 noma angama-25 ubuncane.
Ngale ndlela, umnyango wokuhlaziya weBankinter ubeke futhi waqinisa i-Endesa kuphothifoliyo yayo yezokuphepha ngenyanga kaJuni. Ukucabanga ukuthi kungaba elinye lamanani angcono kakhulu angenza ezinyangeni ezizayo enkombeni ekhethiwe yamasheya kazwelonke. Ngemuva kokuthi ulungise izikhundla zakho ngokuya kuma-euro angama-22, okudala ukungabaza phakathi kwabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Manje idinga nje ukwazi ukunqoba ukumelana okuyinkimbinkimbi okukuso eduze kwamazinga ku- 23, 35 euro ngesabelo ngasinye.
Ama-electrics aholayo
Akungabazeki ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi amanani enzalo ngeke akhuphuke kuze kufike uhhafu wokuqala we-2020 uzenze kahle zonke izinkampani zamandla. Babelokhu beholele ekukhuphukeni kwe-Ibex 35 ngokuthambekela okucacile kuya phezulu kusukela ekuqaleni. Akumangalisi ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zemali thanda imigqa yebhizinisi lakho ngakho-ke abakwazanga ukwenza noma yini ngaphandle kokuzazisa ezimakethe zezimali. Ngokucindezela okuqinile kokuthenga kuzikhundla ezimfushane. Ukuba ngumkhakha onqobayo wale mpikiswano okhona ezimakethe zezezimali.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqiniso lokuthi ekupheleni kwale nyanga nangezinsuku zokuqala zikaJulayi bazokwaba phakathi kwabaninimasheya Izabelo ezinamanzi. Ngenzuzo emaphakathi ephakathi kuka-5,5% no-7%, ngokukhokhiswa kwe-akhawunti okulungisiwe nokuqinisekisiwe. Ukuze ngale ndlela, abatshalizimali bakwazi ukwakha iphothifoliyo yemali engenayo engaguquki kokuguqukayo, noma yini eyenzekayo ezimakethe zezezimali. Njengecebo lokutshala imali lokwakha ukushintshana okuzinzile kokonga esikhathini esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside okungathuthukisa inzuzo yokonga kusuka kulezi zikhathi eziqondile.
Amabhange enza kube kubi kakhulu
Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, amabhange abe nokuziphatha okubi kakhulu ngemuva kwesinqumo sokuthi amanani wenzalo ngeke akhuphuke kuze kufike engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka ka-2020. labo abakhona kubi kakhulu ngezintshisekelo zebhizinisi lakho. Ngoba inzuzo yabo yehlisiwe ngenxa yokwehla kwamamaki wokulamula njengoba intengo yemali iku-0%. Ngamanye amagama, iba nomthelela omubi kakhulu emabhizinisini ayo futhi lokhu kuholele ekwehleni kwentengo yamasheya ayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasheya ajikelezayo ezinye izisulu ezinkulu zalesi sinqumo ngaphakathi kwe-ECB. Ngoba i- ukwehla emsebenzini webhizinisi kuyisibetho esikhulu kulokho okulindelwe emakethe yamasheya. Lokhu kwenzeka okwamanje nezinkampani ezixhunyaniswe nensimbi nezinye izinsimbi eziyisisekelo ezingakasitholi kahle lesi silinganiso semali. Ngokuncipha okukhulu kwezimakethe zezimali zikazwelonke nangaphandle kwemingcele yethu. Lapho inzalo evela kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi yehle kakhulu ngemuva kwesitatimende se-ECB.
Ukusabela kwezinye izimpahla zezimali
Izimpahla zezimali ezisele nazo zizibeke ezimakethe zezimali kulesi sikhathi. Lapho i-euro ibonge cishe u-0,8% ngokumelene nedola laseMelika kuze kufike ku-1,1265. Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphrimiyamu yengozi yaseSpain yehle ngamaphuzu esisekelo ayi-5% kuya kuma-82, yize isele kumlando ophansi ophikisana nokubuyela emholweni ongaguquki wase-Italy. Mayelana nezinye izimakethe zezezimali, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uwoyela weBrent wehlele emazingeni angama- $ 60 umphongolo. Ukuba yilezi zimakethe zokuhweba ebezisebenza kakhulu usuku lonke.
Kunoma ikuphi, akusona isikhathi sokuthatha izikhundla ezimakethe zezimali. Uma kungenjalo, kunalokho, isilinganiso esihlakaniphile kunazo zonke ukulinda ukunquma ukuthambekela kokugcina okuzothathwa izimakethe zezimali. Ukuze ngale ndlela kungathathwa isinqumo sokuzithokozisa nenhloso futhi ngenxa yalokho kuncane indawo yephutha, okuyikho ekugcineni okumayelana nalokhu.
Ukungazinzi okwengeziwe
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, asikwazi ukuthi sesivele futhi ngaphambi kwezinyanga zasehlobo lapho i- umthamo wenkontileka kuncishiswe ngokuphawulekayo. Futhi lezi akuzona izindaba ezinhle kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Uma kungenjalo kunalokho okuphikisanayo ngoba ukungaguquguquki kokulungiswa kwamanani ezokuphepha kuphakeme kakhulu kunanamuhla. Ngomehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwezintengo zayo eziphezulu nezincane.
Ifanele kakhulu imisebenzi yokuhweba noma yenziwa kuseshini efanayo yokuhweba futhi edinga isivinini esikhulu ekunyakazeni okuthathwe ngabatshalizimali. Kunoma ikuphi, kuzodingeka ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu ekusebenzeni esimweni samanje sezimakethe zokulingana, kuzwelonke nangaphandle kwemingcele yethu. Eqinisweni okubekiwe ezinyangeni ezedlule.
Ngenkathi kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, amabhange abe nokuziphatha okubi kakhulu ngemuva kwesinqumo sokuthi amanani wenzalo ngeke akhuphuke kuze kufike engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka ka-2020. labo abakhona kubi kakhulu ngezintshisekelo zebhizinisi lakho.