INikkei 225, ejwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi inkomba yeNikkei, iyinkomba yamasheya ethandwa kakhulu emakethe yaseJapan, yakhiwa yizibambiso zoketshezi ezingama-225 ezibalwe eTokyo Stock Exchange. Ingenye yezimakethe ezinkulu zamasheya emhlabeni, kokubili ngenani lezinkampani ezibhalwe ohlwini lwayo lwesitoko kanye nekhwalithi yazo. Futhi kuyingxenye yengxenye enhle yezimali zokutshala imali ezisuselwa emakethe yamasheya. Ukuba kuzo zonke izimo elinye lamaphuzu okusetjenziselwa abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abasemazweni aphesheya.
Uma sibukeza umlando wale nkomba yamasheya ebalulekile kancane, siyabona ukuthi leyo nkomba ebizwa ngeNikkei yazalwa ngonyaka we-1971 futhi ibalwa yiphephandaba lezomnotho nezamabhizinisi laseJapan i-Nihon Keizai Shinbun, okuvela ezinhlamvwini zakhe igama elithi Nikkei. Ukusuka lapho ungathola khona zonke izinhlobo zezinkampani, nezisezingeni eliphakeme, kusuka kumanani ezobuchwepheshe amasha kuya ezinkampanini zikagesi zendabuko. Cishe zonke izinkampani zifakiwe kule nkomba yamasheya aseJapan. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuba okubaluleke kakhulu endaweni yase-Asia nokuthi uhlelo lwayo lokuhweba luba yinkomba yezimakethe zamasheya ezwekazini elidala. Kuzo zombili izindlela ze-bullish ne-bearish.
Kulokhu kubukezwa okufishane kwenkomba yemakethe yamasheya yaseJapan, kufanele kuthiwe kuyiqiniso ukuthi amanani ayo ahlukahluka maqondana nemakethe yamasheya yaseYurophu. Ngomehluko ongafinyelela ku-5% phakathi kwezintengo zawo eziphakeme nezincane ezenza ukuthi uthandeke kakhulu engxenyeni enhle yabathengisi ezimakethe zezezimali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanele ikhohlwe ukuthi ukusebenza kule makethe yezimali ezibandakanya ukulingana kufaka phakathi amakhomishini adinga kakhulu abatshalizimali baseNtshonalanga. Lo mzamo wezimali usho ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kumele kwenziwe inzuzo ngamamaki abanzi. Ngamakhomishini angafika ku-0,6% enhlokodolobha etshaliwe.
INikkei 225: ukuthambekela eceleni
Okwamanje, i-Nikkei 225 isesimeni esiseduze esizoyibiza ukuthi iphume iye ohlangothini olulodwa noma kolunye, ngenxa yezinguquko ezibangelwe ukwanda kwe-coronavirus emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphandle kokuphindela emuva okungenzeka ukuthi bekukhona emasontweni adlule futhi lokho kusho ukuthi abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi kufanele balinde isikhashana ngaphambi kokuba bavule izikhundla kule nkomba yezimali zase-Asia. Ngandlela thile kuyinto efana naleyo eyenzeka emnothweni wayo futhi ebimile iminyaka ethile kwesinye sezibonelo ezicacile zalokho okuzoba yikho ngaphandle kokukhula komnotho. Futhi lapho iNikkei 225 ingomunye wemithombo yayo efanelekile.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, akungabazeki ukuthi iNikkei 225 ingaba ngenye indlela yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi lapho kuncipha izimakethe zezimali ezisentshonalanga. Kuncike ekutheni izinga elithile lokufunda ngabasebenzisi liyabhekwa kule makethe yamasheya kolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba. Ngoba akunakulibaleka ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile kungasetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi esizoyenza ezimakethe zezimali kube nenzuzo. Noma ngabe likuphi izinga lokutshalwa kwezimali futhi ikakhulukazi kwezibambiso lapho sithatha khona izikhundla kusuka manje kuqhubeke. Ngoba ekugcineni kosuku kumayelana nokuphuma kule misebenzi emakethe yamasheya.
Ingxenye ephezulu yezobuchwepheshe
Kunoma ikuphi, umkhakha wezomnotho onesisindo esikhulu kuNikkei umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe, ulandelwa umkhakha wezimpahla zabathengi. Ezinye izinkampani ezifanele ezakha i-Nikkei yilezi: Yamaha, Toshiba, Suzuki Motor, Sony, Nissan Motor, Pioneer, Bridgestone noma iKonica. Kuyindawo enhle yabasebenzisi bezimali abafuna ukutshala izimali zabo noma ukonga kulesi sigaba sempahla yezezimali. Ngobukhona obukhulu kunasezimakethe zaseSpain, umehluko omkhulu kulokho okunikezwayo okunikezwa yile nkomba ebalulekile yemakethe yamasheya yamazwe omhlaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyadingeka futhi ukugcizelela ukuthi lo ngumthombo oyisithenjwa sabatshalizimali abanolwazi oluningi kulolu hlobo lokusebenza ngaphakathi kobudlelwano nezwe lemali elihlale liyinkimbinkimbi.
Esinye isici okufanele sibhekwane naso lapho kukhulunywa ngeNikkei yiso esihlobene nokuguquguquka kwemali oyitshalile, ngomqondo wokuthi ungakhetha noma iyiphi inkampani. Ngokuhlukahluka okubanzi kakhulu, okuphezulu kakhulu kunezezimali zezwe lethu, naku-inthanethi kunase-US noma eJalimane, ukusho izibonelo ezimbalwa ezifanele. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi ayikho imikhawulo ekutshalweni kwemali ngabasebenzisi bemakethe yamasheya. Leli qiniso lisho ukuthi ungakhetha noma yimuphi umkhakha futhi ngokusebenzisa izinkampani ezithintekayo ezinomthamo webhizinisi othathwa njengophakeme kakhulu futhi obalulekile emkhakheni wokutshala imali. Ngokombono, abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abanankinga kubasebenzisi ukwenza isinqumo mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinqumo ezinhle kakhulu abangazenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
IBarometer yomnotho waseJapan
Ngokusobala akunakuphikwa ukuthi le nkomba emakethe yamasheya yamazwe omhlaba ingathathwa njenge-barometer ephawulekayo yomnotho waseJapan. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi kukhombisa umnotho waleli zwe lase-Asia ngeqiniso elikhulu. Njengoba izimakethe ezimbalwa zomhlaba wonke zikubonisa ngalo mzuzu oqondile, ngamanani angama-225 ahambelana nezinkampani ezinamandla kakhulu ezinemali enkulu. Ngamanye amagama, kulula kakhulu ukulungisa amanani wokungena nokuphuma ngabenzeli bezezimali. Ngalesi sizathu, akumangazi ukuthi ezinye zalezi zivikelo zakha iphothifoliyo yezimali eziningi zokutshala imali ezakhiwe izinkampani zokuphathwa kwamazwe omhlaba. Ngakho-ke lokhu kungenye yezinzuzo zayo ezifanele kakhulu ongazithola kusukela ekuqaleni futhi ngokungafani namanye ama-indices emakethe yamasheya emhlabeni.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungakhohlwa ukuthi inkomba yaseJapan inethonya elikhulu kokunye ngenxa yesisindo sayo esithile emnothweni jikelele. Iqiniso elenza lithembeke kakhulu ukwazi ngokujula isimo sangempela somnotho nokuthi umhlaba wokutshalwa kwemali ubungeke ube ngenye indlela. Ngalo mqondo, kukhombisa kakhulu yize kukude kakhulu ngokubuka kwendawo okuyo. Iqiniso lokuthi yimakethe yezezimali evulekile ngenkathi sonke silele futhi asazi ngokuvela kwayo esimisweni ngasinye sokuhweba. Kunoma ikuphi, kungesinye sezikwele okufanele siziqaphele nsuku zonke njengesikhomba kulokho okumele sikwenze ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kokubili ukuthengisa nokuthenga amasheya ezimakethe zokulingana zanoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni.
Ngomshini ofana nezinye izindawo zomhlaba wonke ngoba awulethi mehluko ngakho-ke awudingi ukufunda okwehlukile, okufana nemakethe yezimali yezwe lethu. Okungenani ukukucabangela kusukela manje kuqhubeke ukwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi ukwenza imali yakho etholakalayo izuze.
Kuhlanganiswe kuma-ETFs
I-Nikkei 225 Stock Average iyinkomba yamasheya ehamba phambili eJapan kanye ne-barometer yomnotho waseJapan. Ihlola ukusebenza kwezinkampani ezinkulu zaseJapan ezingama-225, ezibandakanya izimboni ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile kuthathwa njengokulingana kweJapan nesilinganiso sezimboni saseDow Jones, kufaka phakathi izinkampani eziphezulu kakhulu ezingama-225 ezibalwe eTokyo Stock Exchange. Yize ungeke ukwazi ukutshala imali ngqo enkombeni, ungathola ukutholakala kwamasheya angaphansi kweNikkei 225 ngesikhwama esidayiswa ngokushintshaniswa (ETF). Ngalo mqondo, ukuthengwa nokuphathwa kwesabelo ngasinye seNikkei 225 kuyabiza futhi akusebenzi, nemithelela ebalulekile yentela. Abatshalizimali ngabanye bangathola ukuvezwa ngezimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshaniswa (ETFs), izimpahla zazo ezingaphansi ezihambelana neNikkei 225.
Ngokungafani nezimali ezihlangene, ezithengiswa ekupheleni kosuku, ama-ETF athengiswa usuku lonke, ngakho-ke amanani abo aguquguquka njengamasheya. Njengezimali ezihlanganyelwe, ama-ETF anikela ngokuhlukahluka ngokutshalwa kwemali okukodwa. Banezindleko eziphansi kunemali ephethwe ngenkuthalo. Ama-ETF ahlukahlukene alandelela ukuhweba kweNikkei 225 eTokyo Stock Exchange. Kubandakanya i-iShares Nikkei 225 ETF evela eBlackrock Japan, i-Nikkei 225 Exchange Traded Fund (NTETF) evela kuNomura Asset Management, kanye neDaiwa ETF Nikkei 225 evela kuDaiwa Asset Management.
Thenga uthengise izimali
Ukuhweba lawa ma-ETF, umuntu kufanele avule i-akhawunti ne-ejensi yabathengisi ebavumela ukuthi bathenge futhi bathengise izimali ezingabhalisiwe ku-US Fidelity Investments nase-ETrade Financial Corp. (ETFC) baphakathi kwabathengisi bezaphulelo abanikela ngama-akhawunti wokuhweba aphesheya. Qaphela ukuthi ukuhweba kwe-ETF ezimakethe zakho zasendaweni kunezinkinga. Ama-ETF abhalwe ku-Tokyo Stock Exchange ahlelwe ngama-yen. Ngaphezu kokuqapha ukusebenza kweNikkei 225, kufanele ucabangele ukwehla kwesilinganiso sokushintshana phakathi kwe-yen nedola.
I-UK, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy neSingapore nazo zinikela ngama-ETF alandelela i-Nikkei 225, amanye awo abhalwe ku-Tokyo Stock Exchange.
Ngokulawulwa okuqinile kwebhizinisi
Ngezikhathi zokungazinzi ezimakethe zezezimali, kunezinketho eziningi abatshalizimali abangakhetha ukuzenza imali etholakalayo ibe nenzuzo. Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu njengamanje yilokho okumelwe yile makethe ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe zokulingana. Ngokwalokhu kubuka, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi ukuzinza kwezepolitiki, ukuphathwa kwamabhizinisi okuqinile kanye nokulinganisa okuphansi kwenza kube yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokutshala imali emakethe yaseJapan. Yize ingumnotho wesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngomkhiqizo ophelele wasekhaya, iJapan ilandelwa ngabatshalizimali abaningi. Kepha ukungavulelwa amasheya aseJapan kunciphisa abatshalizimali imakethe enganikeza imali engenayo yesabelo kanye nokuzinza okuhlobene.
INikko Asset Management ibikezela ukuthi i-Nikkei 225 izokhuphuka cishe ngo-16% phakathi kwamanje no-Agasti 2020, uma kuqhathaniswa no-5% we-S & P 500. UJohn Vail, usomaqhinga omkhulu we-Nikko Asset Management emhlabeni jikelele, uthi lokhu kuphumelela okucatshangelwe yinhlanganisela yamanani aphansi nomfutho . Inani lezinyanga eziyishumi nambili lokuthola umholo elibonwe esontweni lokuqala likaJulayi 2019 beliseduze nokurekhoda, ngokusho kwezibalo zeBloomberg.
Izinkokhelo zemihlomulo nayo inyukile ngenxa yezinguquko zokubusa ezinkampanini ezigcizelela ukunakekela abaninimasheya. Isibonelo, isilinganiso sokukhokha se-TOPIX sehle saya cishe ku-30% kusukela ngoMeyi 9, 2019, sisuka cishe ku-17% ngo-2004, ngokusho kwedatha yeBloomberg. Lokhu kwenza amasheya aseJapan akhange, ikakhulukazi kubatshalizimali abafuna ukwenza imali. UKathy Matsui, iphini likamongameli weGoldman Sachs Japan, uthe ngaphezu kokulinganiswa okukhangayo, amaholo kungenzeka abuyele emuva nangama-yen aqinile ngenxa yokukhula okuqhubekayo kwe-GDP eJapan nasemhlabeni jikelele. IGoldman Sachs ibikezela amaholo ayi-6% ngokukhula kwamasheya ngakunye emakethe yaseJapan ngo-2019 nango-2020, ngokulandelana, noma ngabe i-yen inezinga eliphakathi kuka-105 kuya ku- $ 1.
Isikhuthazo sokukhula
Injini yalokhu kukhula kube ukuguqulwa kokuphathwa kwezinkampani kanye ne-Abenomics. Ngenkathi uShinzo Abe ethatha isikhundla sokuba undunankulu waseJapan ngoDisemba 2012, waphakamisa inqubomgomo yezomnotho ebizwa nge-Abenomics ukusiza ukukhuthaza ukukhula. I-Abenomics ithembele "kwimicibisholo emithathu" yokwehlisa imali, ukugqugquzela izimali, kanye nezinguquko ezakhiweni. UMnu Takeda uthe umnotho manje usesezingeni lapho izinguquko zezakhiwo zizoqhamuka khona, ngoba ukunciphisa imali kanye nokukhuthaza izimali kusize ukukhulisa umnotho eminyakeni eyisithupha edlule.
Enye yezinsika eziyinhloko zokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo kube ukuguqulwa kokuphathwa kwezinkampani eJapan. Ngo-2014, inkampani eyengamele ezezimali kahulumeni waseJapan, i-Financial Services Agency (FSA), yethula ikhodi entsha yokuphathwa kwamabhizinisi. Le khodi yayihloselwe ukuphikisana nombono wokuthi abatshalizimali bezikhungo babemukela kakhulu abaphathi bezinkampani.
Umhlahlandlela omusha ukhishwe ngo-2017 ukuthuthukisa ukudalulwa kolwazi kanye nezindlela zokuphatha. Lezi zinyathelo, kusho uMnu. Vail, zinikeza imakethe yaseJapan inzuzo yokwakheka kunabancintisana nabo, ngoba yi-United States kuphela esondela uma kukhulunywa ngokusebenzela abaninimasheya. "Lokhu kuholele emikhawulweni ephezulu kakhulu yenzuzo yezinkampani, izinkokhelo eziphakeme kakhulu kubaninimasheya kanye nobudlelwano obungcono kakhulu nabaninimasheya jikelele," kusho uMnu Vail. “Bezilokhu zikhona izinkampani ezinhle kakhulu, kepha iningi labo liphathe abatshalizimali bokulingana njengezakhamizi ezisezingeni lesibili. Lokho kuguquke ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke izinkampani aziphoqelelwa kuphela ukunaka kakhulu abaninimasheya nezikhungo ezilawula imali eJapan - abaninimasheya manje basebenza kakhulu ngendlela abavota futhi basebenzisane ngayo nezinkampani ».
Tshala imali emakethe yaseJapan
Abatshalizimali abangaphandle kweJapan banezindlela eziningana zokutshala imali emakethe yaseJapan. AmaRisidi okugcina amaMelika aseMelika (ADRs) ahlala eyindlela yokuthi abatshalizimali abafuna ukwengeza ezinye zezinhlangano ezinkulu zaseJapan emaphothifoliyo abo, kepha abatshalizimali bezikhungo ngokuvamile bakhetha izimali ezihlanganyelwayo noma izimali ezihwebelana ngokushintshisana ngenxa yokuhlukahluka abakunikezayo.
Kunezimali ezingama-52 ezihlanganyelanayo nezimali ezihwebelana ngokuhwebelana ezilawulwa e-United States ezigxile eJapan, ngokusho kwedatha evela kuLipper kaRefinitiv. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abatshalizimali baseJapan basebenzisa nezimali ezidayiswa ngokushintshana ukufinyelela ezimakethe zabo, kufaka phakathi nabaningi abalandela inkomba yeNikkei 225. Abatshalizimali baqala ukunaka imakethe yaseJapan ngenxa yazo zonke izici ezinhle zokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo, kanye ukuzinza kwezepolitiki. UVail uqaphele ukuthi iJapan izinze kakhulu kune-United States neChina, okumanje isempini yezohwebo, kanye ne-European Union, ebisenkingeni njengoba selokhu kwavotwa iBrexit ngo-2016. Naphezu kwalokhu, amasheya aseJapan aqhubeka nokuthengwa, yena uphikisa, kushiya ukuvula kwabatshalizimali abafuna ukuzinza, imali engenayo yemihlomulo futhi bakhethe amathuba okukhula. Inani lezinyanga eziyishumi nambili lokuthola umholo elibonwe esontweni lokuqala likaJulayi 2019 beliseduze nokurekhoda, ngokusho kwezibalo zeBloomberg.