Isimo sezimakethe zamasheya zamazwe omhlaba singaphezu kwengozi yezintshisekelo zabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi. Lapho ukungazinzi nokungazinzi kwezimakethe zezimali kuyingozi enkulu kunazo zonke engathinta i- ukulinganiswa kwamasheya lokho kubhalwe kuzo. Akunakukhohlwa ukuthi ukwesaba okubambe ama-ejenti ezehlukene ezezimali kungaba yisiginali enamandla kakhulu ngalokho okungenzeka ezimakethe zezimali kusukela manje kuqhubeke. Kuyingozi abasebenzisi okufanele bayicabange ngaphambi kokugcwaliseka kwalesi sibikezelo ngalutho oluhle.
Ukwehla komnotho wase-US kungezinye zezinto ezishaqisa ingxenye enkulu yabatshalizimali. Ngalo mqondo, abaphathi besikhwama saseMelika benze ukwesulwa kwe- izikhundla ezimfushane kulokho okungenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezizayo, amasonto noma izinyanga. Leli qiniso lithinta ezinye izimpahla zezezimali, njengokuncipha kokuthengwa kwamabhondi. Inkomba yokuthi yini engenzeka ezimakethe zezimali nokuthi sizozama ukuhlaziya kulesi sihloko ngesinye sezimo ezimbi kakhulu ezingenzeka emakethe yamasheya: ukwethuka emakethe yamasheya.
Ngalo mqondo, i I-Federal Reserve Bank yase-Atlanta (I-United States) ibilokhu ishicilela ezindaweni zakamuva isimo esingaba khona lapho kuncishiswa izinga lenzalo ngonyaka ka-2020 nango-2021. Uma lezi zibikezelo kuhlangatshezwana nazo, bekungeke kumangaze ukuthi ukusabela kwezimakethe zamasheya kusobala ukuthi kwehlile. Ngokuncipha komphumela ezimweni zokuphepha ezisohlwini lwezimakethe zamasheya. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-S & P 500 kube kubi kakhulu kusukela kwikota yesithathu yanyakenye. Ngaphandle kokuthuthuka okubalulekile phakathi nale nqubo ye-bearish.
Kuthiwani uma kufika ukwethuka emakethe yamasheya?
Kunoma ikuphi, izinguquko ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zokuhlaziya ezisuka endaweni yokubuka yobuchwepheshe ye-Ibex 35 eseyi- umzuzu ongapheli, yize kuhlala kungaphakathi kwethrendi ejulile yokwakheka kokuncipha kokuphakama okuhlobene nokwehla. Kodwa akulona iqiniso elincane ukuthi abanye abahlaziyi bezimakethe ezibaluleke kakhulu bezimakethe bebelokhu bexwayisa ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abatshalizimali bangaba nokwethuka emakethe yamasheya nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngokuyinhloko, kususelwa ezinkingeni ezinazo ezikweletini zamanye amazwe nezifundazwe.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka ngempela, ngeke kube khona okunye esingakwenza ngaphandle kokuba sesimweni esifanelekile kakhulu sokuvikela iphothifoliyo yethu yokutshala imali. Hhayi ngeze, yimali yakho esengozini ekugcineni ngakho-ke akukhuthazwa ukushiya konke ezandleni ze ukulungiswa njengoba kwenzekile kwabanye abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi lapho le nqubo incane efiswa yibo ithuthukile. Ukulungisa le nkinga enkulu sizokunikeza imihlahlandlela ethile yokuziphatha ukuze wazi ukuthi ungazikhandla kanjani kulezi zimo ezikhetheke kakhulu,
Hlaziya imigomo yokutshalwa kwemali
Okokuqala, kuzoba ngaphezulu kokudingekile kuwe ukuthi uchaze ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi saphakade lapho utshalomali lwakho emakethe yamasheya luqondiswe khona: olufushane, oluphakathi noma olude. Ngoba kuya ngokuhlukahluka kuzofanela usebenzise isu elilodwa noma elinye ukwenza vikela izintshisekelo zakho njengomtshali-zimali. Ngoba uma ukuthatha izikhundla kwenziwe isikhashana, isu elihle kakhulu ongalisebenzisa esimweni sokwesaba emakethe yamasheya ukuhlehlisa izikhundla ngokushesha okukhulu ngoba ungalahlekelwa yimali eningi kakhulu kunalokho okufezile kuze kube yileso sikhathi .
Kuhlale kungcono ukulahlekelwa ngu-10% kunama-50% esilinganisweni samanani esitoko. Lesi yisifundo okufanele usifunde ezihlokweni ezedlule zokwehla okukhulu kwezimali. Ikakhulukazi uma inhloso yakho yayiqondiswe ku- Izikhathi ezibekiwe ezimfushane ukwenza izimpahla zakho siqu noma zomndeni zinenzuzo. Akunasimo lapho kufanele ukhathazeke ngokuthatha isinqumo esiqine kangako ngoba akufanele uzibuze ukuthi ulahlekelwe yini, kepha ngokuphambene nalokho kufanele uhlaziye ukuthi yini ongalahlekelwa yiyo kusukela manje. Vele, esimweni sokwesaba kwemakethe yamasheya kukhulu futhi kungaphezu kokucabanga kwakho ekuqaleni.
Abatshalizimali abazinzile ngokwengeziwe
Enye into ehluke kakhulu ibhekisa ezenzweni zabatshalizimali abazinzile kakhulu ezikhundleni zabo emalini. Lokho wukuthi, abafuni imisebenzi yokuqagela izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ambalwa, kepha izinhloso zabo zisethwe kusukela esikhathini esimaphakathi neside. Kulokhu, isu lakho lizohluka kakhulu ngokuya ngalesi sici esibalulekile. Ngoba leli qiniso linganakwa, ngethemba lokuthi njengoba iminyaka ihamba intengo yesitoko iyalulama. Ngoba kunesisho phakathi kwabatshalizimali abanolwazi oluningi ezimakethe zezezimali esithi "emakethe yesitoko yesikhathi eside ihlala iwina." Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha kuhlangatshezwana nokujwayelekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okungangabazeki ukuthi kungamela ukuphahlazeka kwemakethe yamasheya kuyithuba langempela lokukhiqiza ibhizinisi elinenzuzo enkulu. Awukwazi ukukhohlwa ukuthi ekupheleni kosuku ungakwazi thenga amasheya ashibhile kakhulu, ngentengo emakethe yokuncintisana kakhulu ngenxa yalokhu okukhetheke kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye okunemikhuba emibi. Ngezaphulelo ezingenziwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-50% noma nangaphezulu maqondana namanani ngaphambi kwesimo sokwethuka emakethe yamasheya. Lapho bazoba namandla wokubuyekeza aphakeme kakhulu kunangaphambi kwenkinga. Izandla ezinamandla zemakethe zikwazi kahle lokhu ngakho-ke ziyazi ukuthi zingakusebenzisa kanjani ngempumelelo enkulu.
Ngochungechunge lwezixwayiso
Kunoma ikuphi, ukuvikela kuyisikhali esihle kunazo zonke ezitholakala kubatshali zimali abancane nabaphakathi ukubhekana nalesi simo. Icala njalo ukwethuka emakethe yamasheya kuza ngokuzumayo futhi akukuvumeli ukuthi usabele ngokusebenza kahle okuthile. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izimpawu ezingakhombisa ukuthi lokhu kuhamba okuhlukile ezimakethe zamasheya kuseduze. Isibonelo, a ushintsho oluphuthuma kakhulu kuthrendi nokuthi kuhambisana nomthamo omkhulu wokuqashwa. Kungaba umkhondo onokwethenjelwa ongatheni noma omncane mayelana nalokho okungenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo.
Okunye okukhombisa ukuthola lesi simo ezimakethe zezimali ukuthi kususelwa ekubeni khona kwezinye ibhuloho yezezimali. Ngalo mqondo, kwanele ukukhumbula okwenzeka ezinkampanini zobuchwepheshe eminyakeni yama-90 yekhulu elidlule. Noma kubhamuza efanayo yezitini eyayingesinye sezimbangela ezifanele kakhulu zokuvela kwenkinga yezomnotho ngo-2007 nango-2008 nemiphumela wonke umuntu ayaziyo okwamanje. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe futhi mhlawumbe kusuka kumbono oyisisekelo.
Yiziphi izindinganiso ezibucayi kakhulu?
Omunye umbuzo okufanele ubuzwe esimweni esingenzeka sokwethuka kwemakethe yamasheya ukuthola amasheya asengozini enkulu ukuthi awele ukuwa okukhulu. Yebo, kulezi zimo akukho okuhlukile futhi konke kuyehla esikhathini eside ngokwanele. Kodwa-ke, kunezinkampani ezithile ezisohlwini ezenza okubi kakhulu kunezinye kulezi zinqubo zokwehla kwenani lemakethe yamasheya. Njengesibonelo imikhakha ejikelezayo, ezezimali, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nokujwayelekile ezihlobene nokukhula komnotho wamazwe omhlaba. Yiqiniso, yibo abavelele kakhulu emiphumeleni yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukwethuka emakethe yamasheya.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona eminye imikhakha nokuthi yize bemukela ukwehla kwenani labo emakethe yamasheya, bakwenza lokho ngamandla amancane kunalawo. Lezi yizibambiso ezibizwa ngokuzivikela futhi kwezinye izimo zisebenza njengesiphephelo esitokweni semali ezimakethe zezezimali. Kuyicala elithile le- izinkampani zikagesi futhi kwezinye izimo lezo ezihlobene nokudla. Akusho ukuthi izenzo zabo zizokwazisa kulesi simo, kepha-ke bazokwenza kangcono kunabo bonke abanye.
Hlala uketshezi
Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kule nqubo ngaphandle kokulimala ukuba uketshezi ngokuphelele. Kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza, kepha ngaphambi kweminyakazo yokuqala ephazamisayo leli qhinga lokutshala imali eliyingqayizivele lingenziwa libe semthethweni. Okungukuthi, hlehlisa izikhundla ezimakethe zezimali ukuze zigcinwe kumikhiqizo yasebhange yempilo yonke (imali yesikhathi, amanothi ezethembiso kazwelonke noma ama-akhawunti emali engenayo ephezulu). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzosebenza ukubuyela ezimakethe zezezimali lapho le nqubo isiqedile, kepha kube nenzuzo enkulu ukuthi amasheya ezinkampani ezibalwe angathengwa ngentengo yokuncintisana kakhulu kunakuqala.
Ekugcineni, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izikhwama azihli noma zikhuphuke ingunaphakade, njengoba uzokwazi ngokwenzeka kuwe. Futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi sokwesaba kwemakethe yamasheya kufika ukululama kwabo, noma ngabe kukhuphuka ngamandla kangakanani. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uzilungiselele lo mzuzu omkhulu futhi indlela engcono yokukwenza ukuthi ube semalini futhi ugcine imali oyigcinile ku-akhawunti yakho yokuhlola. Okungenani uzolala kangcono kakhulu lapho ubhekene nalokho okungenzeka kuwe izinyanga eziningi futhi eziningi, okungukuthi, ngemuva kwakho konke, imayelana nani.