Ngabe ukutshala imali esikhathini esizayo sezimpahla kungenzeka manje? Yebo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ekuqaleni ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zingenye yezimpahla zezezimali zesikhathi esizayo ezifanele kakhulu nokuthi namuhla zidayiswa ngoba zazalwa ngesidingo sabakhiqizi ukuvikela intengo yezitshalo zabo kunoma yisiphi isehlakalo esingalindelekile.
Qhubeka nokuthi ukusebenza ezintweni ezingavuthiwe kuyinkimbinkimbi ukwedlula konke ukusebenza ngoba kwizimo ezijwayelekile zanoma imuphi umakethe wengezwa ukuthi kuyinto ebambekayo ngakho-ke kuncike esikhathini sonyaka esiqinile esisuselwa kuzimo zezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho ikusasa liyatholakala, lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uthenga noma uthengisa inkontileka yesikhathi esizayo, uthola isibopho sokuthenga noma ukuthengisa inani elithile laleyo nto eluhlaza endaweni ethile nangezinsuku ezithile, ngakho-ke kulezi zimakethe singathola abaqageli abahlanganisiwe nabathengi bemikhiqizo nabakhiqizi abasebenzisa ikusasa njengesivikelo.
Faka imali kwimpahla yangempela
Indlela eqonde kunazo zonke yokutshala imali kuzimpahla kungaba ukuthengwa kwempahla uqobo. Ngokusobala le ndlela isebenza ngezinto ezithile kuphela, njengezinsimbi eziyigugu, kepha noma kunjalo iyindlela yokuthola ukuvezwa kulezi zimakethe.
Uma ufuna ukutshala imali ngegolide, ngokwesibonelo, ungathenga ibha yegolide. Kuyinani legolide elicwengekile elihlangabezana nemibandela ejwayelekile yokwenziwa, ilebula nokubhaliswa.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinkinga eziningi ngale ndlela yokutshala imali. Unenkinga esheshayo yokuthi kufanele ugcine impahla. Lolu hlobo lokutshala imali nalo aluluketshezi oluncane kunezinye, ngakho-ke kamuva kubiza kakhulu ukushintshanisa. Ngokufanayo, njengoba ibha yegolide ingahlukaniseki, ukwenyuka kwayo kuyanda.
Ukutshala imali esikhwameni esidayiswa ngokushintshisana
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu abaningi abatshala imali ezimbonini benza kanjalo ngokutshala imali kwizimali ezidayiselwa ukuhwebelana ezisekelwa kwimpahla (ETFs). I-ETF iyisikhwama esidayiswa ngokushintshaniswa kwesitoko. I-ETF ingakhiwa ngamakilasi amaningi wempahla yamasheya, izimpahla, noma amabhondi.
Amanye ama-ETF ahlose ukulandela intengo yempahla eyisisekelo uqobo, njenge-ETF yegolide ebonakalayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye bazozama ukulandela umkhondo wezimpahla ngokwakhiwa kwe-ETF engaba namasheya ezinkampani ezikhipha noma ezixhaphaza leyo mpahla. Uhlobo lokugcina lwe-ETF lungaziwa ukuthi lunentengo ehluke kakhulu kunempahla engaphansi.
Ukutshala imali kwinkontileka yesikhathi esizayo
Ikusasa lezimpahla ziyizivumelwano zokuthenga noma ukuthengisa inani elithile lempahla ngentengo ebekiwe nangosuku olubekiwe ngokuzayo. Umhwebi wenza imali uma impahla ikwazisa noma yehla ngenani elinqunyiwe, kuya ngokuthi uthatha isikhundla eside noma esifushane ngokulandelana.
Ikusasa liwumkhiqizo ovela kokunye, ngakho-ke awusiye umnikazi wempahla uqobo. Abathengi bangasebenzisa ikusasa ukuvikela izingozi ezihambisana nokushintshashintsha kwamanani (ikakhulukazi ezimakethe zezimpahla ezithambile kakhulu), futhi abathengisi bangasebenzisa ikusasa ukuze "bangene" emholweni wabo womkhiqizo.
Ukutshala imali kuma-CFD kuzisekelo
Abatshalizimali bangathengisa ama-CFD ezintweni njengezindlela zokuthola ukuvezwa ezimakethe zezimpahla. Inkontileka yomehluko (i-CFD) ingumkhiqizo ophuma kokunye, lapho kunesivumelwano (imvamisa phakathi komthengisi nomtshalizimali) sokukhokha umehluko wentengo yempahla eyisisekelo phakathi kokuqala nokuphela kwaleyo nkontileka. Uhweba ama-CFD kumugqa, okusho ukuthi kufanele ubeke kuphela ingxenyana yenani lokuhweba kwakho. Ukuhweba okusetshenzisiwe kuvumela abathengisi ukuthi bathole ukuvezwa okuningi ngediphozi yokuqala yokuqala.
Ukutshala imali ekuthengiseni izimpahla ngama-CFD kuletha izinzuzo eziningi. Ama-CFD akhululiwe emsebenzini wesitembu, ngoba ungumkhiqizo ovela kokunye, ngakho-ke uzoba nezindleko ezincane lapho uhweba ama-CFD.
Faka imali kuzimpahla
Kunezindlela eziningi zokucabanga ukutshala imali kuzimpahla. Enye ukuthenga amanani ahlukahlukene wezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo, njenge-metal bullion eyigugu. Abatshalizimali nabo bangafaka imali ngokusebenzisa izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo noma zokuhweba ezidayiswayo (PTE) ezilandelela ngqo inkomba ethile yezimpahla. Lokhu ngukutshalwa kwemali okuguquguqukayo futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi okuvame ukunconywa kuphela kubatshalizimali abasezingeni eliphezulu.
Enye indlela yokuthola ukuvezwa kwempahla kungezimali ezihlanganyelwe ezitshala imali ezinkampanini ezihlobene nempahla. Isibonelo, isikhwama sikawoyela negesi sizoba namasheya akhishwe izinkampani ezibandakanya ukuhlola, ukucwenga, ukugcina kanye nokusabalalisa amandla.
Izimpahla ezithengiswayo
Ingabe amasheya wezimpahla nezimpahla zihlala zinikeza imbuyiselo efanayo? Akunjalo ngempela. Kunezikhathi lapho olunye utshalomali ludlula olunye, ngakho ukugcina isabelo eqenjini ngalinye kungasiza ekufakeni isandla ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside kwephothifoliyo.
Izinzuzo zokutshala imali kuzimpahla
Okokuqala ukwehluka kwabo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpahla nezimpahla ezithengiswayo zivame ukuhlinzeka ngezimbuyiselo ezehlukile kwamanye amasheya nezibopho. Iphothifoliyo enezimpahla ezingahambi ngezinga elifanayo ingakusiza ukuphatha kangcono ukuguquguquka kwemakethe. Kodwa-ke, ukwehlukahluka akuqinisekisi inzuzo noma isiqinisekiso ngokulahlekelwa.
Ukubuyisa okungenzeka
Amanani entengo yempahla ehlukahlukene angashintshashintsha ngenxa yezici ezinjengokunikezwa nokufunwa, amazinga okushintshaniswa, ukwehla kwamandla emali, kanye nempilo jikelele yezomnotho. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukwanda kwesidingo ngenxa yamaphrojekthi amakhulu wengqalasizinda yomhlaba kube nomthelela omkhulu kumanani entengo. Ngokuvamile, ukwanda kwamanani entengo kuye kwaba nomthelela omuhle ezitokisini zezinkampani ezimbonini ezihlobene.
Uthango olungaba khona ngokumelene nokwehla kwamandla emali
Ukwehla kwamandla emali - okunganciphisa inani lamasheya namabhondi - kungasho amanani entengo aphezulu. Ngenkathi izimpahla zisebenze kahle ngezikhathi zokwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu, abatshalizimali kufanele bazi ukuthi izimpahla zingashintshashintsha kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zokutshalwa kwemali.
Izingozi zokutshala imali kokuyisisekelo
Ingcuphe enkulu. Amanani entengo angaguquguquka ngokweqile futhi imboni yezimpahla ingathinteka kakhulu yimicimbi yomhlaba, ukulawulwa kokungeniswa kwempahla, ukuncintisana komhlaba wonke, imithethonqubo kahulumeni, nezimo zezomnotho, konke lokhu okungathinta amanani entengo. Kukhona ithuba lokuthi utshalomali lwakho luzolahlekelwa yinani.
Ukungazinzi
Izimali mutual noma imikhiqizo ye-equity elandelela umkhakha owodwa noma impahla ingahle ibe nokuguquguquka okungaphezu kwesilinganiso. Ngokwengeziwe, izimali zempahla noma ama-PTE asebenzisa ikusasa, izinketho, noma ezinye izinsimbi ezisuselwa kokunye kungakhuphula ukungezwani.
Ukuvezwa kwezimakethe zakwamanye amazwe nezisafufusa
Ngaphezu kwezingozi ezihambisana nokutshala imali kuzimpahla, lezi zimali futhi zinezingcuphe ezihambisana nokutshalwa kwezimali ezimakethe zakwamanye amazwe nalezo ezisafufusa, kubandakanya ukungazinzi okubangelwa ukungazinzi kwezepolitiki, ezomnotho kanye nezezezimali.
Ukuhlungwa kwefa
Ngenkathi izimali zempahla zingadlala indima kusu lokuhlukahluka, izimali ngokwazo zibhekwa njengezingahlukaniseki njengoba zitshala ingxenye enkulu yezimpahla zazo kumasheya ambalwa kunalawo atholakala ngokuvamile. Kugxilwe ezimbonini ezi-1 noma ezi-2. Ngenxa yalokho, izinguquko kunani lemakethe lotshalo-mali olulodwa zingadala ukwehla okukhulu kunani lentengo kunaleli elingenzeka esikhwameni esinezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Ezinye izingozi
Izimali ze-equity ezigxile kwimpahla zingasebenzisa izinkontileka zesikhathi esizayo ukulandelela inkomba yempahla noma isisekelo sezimpahla. Ukuhweba ngalezi zinhlobo zezokuphepha kuqagela futhi kungaba nokuguquguquka okukhulu, okungadala ukuthi ukusebenza kwesikhwama kwehluke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwempahla eyisisekelo. Lo mehluko ungaba muhle noma ube mubi, kuya ngezimo zemakethe kanye necebo lokutshala imali lesikhwama.
Ithuluzi lokuxuba elihle kakhulu
Kunzima ukutshala izimpahla usebenzisa uhlaka olwaziwa kakhulu lwe-Ucits. UDavid Stevenson uthola ukuthi abatshalizimali bangasifinyelela kanjani lesi sigaba samafa nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukuthanda kwabo. Ngokuqondene noMartin Estlander, izimpahla 'ziyithuluzi lokuxuba elihle kakhulu'. Ngakho-ke, umsunguli wenkampani yaseFinland i-Estlander & Partners (E&P) ufuna ukwazi, abatshalizimali abathengisa abafuna ukufinyelela kulesi sigaba samafa babhekana nezithiyo eziningi kangaka?
Yize abatshalizimali abathengisayo bengatshala imali kuzimpahla, i-Estlander - inkampani yayo eyethule i-E & P Commodities Fund ngoJanuwari - ibhekisa emithethweni eqinile yaseYurophu yokuxuba izimali ze-Ucits okuyizinto ezinomkhawulo ekutshalweni kwezimpahla. I-Estlander ihlele i-E & P Commodity Fund ngaphansi kwe-Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (AIFMD), yize ibona ukuthi inikeza ukuvikelwa kwabatshalizimali okufanayo nomkhiqizo we-Ucits odume ngakho.
Enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu ekusebenziseni izimali ezilawulwa yi-AIFMD ukutshala kuzimpahla ukuthi umthethonqubo unciphisa inani labatshalizimali abangatshala imali. U-Isabelle Bourcier, inhloko yezokuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi e-Ossiam, ongumhlinzeki wezimali ezidayiswa ngokushintshaniswa (ETFs), uthi yingakho bekudingeka ukuthi izimali zezimpahla zika-Ossiam zithobele imithetho ye-Ucits: "Ngesikhathi sinquma ukwandisa uhla lwethu lwemikhiqizo siye kwimpahla. futhi sakhuluma nabahlinzeki bezinkomba ezimbalwa, omunye wemibandela esababuza yona kwakuwukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkomba iyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuhlukahlukana ukuze sikwazi ukugcina ukuhambisana okugcwele nemithetho ye-Ucits. Ukuze i-ETF ibhalwe ohlwini lokushintshana, umaki we-Ucits ubalulekile, ”usho kanje.
Izimali zezimpahla ezihleliwe
Izimali zezimpahla ezakhiwe ngaphansi kwe-AIFMD zingadlulela eYurophu ngendlela efanayo nesikhwama se-Ucits, yize kukhona umehluko omkhulu. Ngokungafani nesikhwama se-Ucits, asikho isidingo sombiko wansuku zonke wemali, yize i-E & P Commodity Fund ikunikeza lokhu masonto onke, ngaphezu kokunikeza imininingwane ngamanani entengo alinganiselwayo. Kepha, kungani okwamanje le misebenzi ingenziwa kulezi zimpahla ezikhetheke kakhulu zezimali?
Ngaphandle kwezithiyo kubatshalizimali ukungena esikhaleni, noma ngamasu amasu kanye kuwo, manje yisikhathi esihle sokutshala imali kuzimpahla noma kunjalo? Muva nje, amanani entengo - ikakhulukazi intengo kawoyela - sehlile. “Ngokuvamile, sicabanga ukuthi yisikhathi esihle sokubheka izimpahla.
Imikhakha ehlukene isebenza ngokwehluke kakhulu, ”kusho uBernhard Wenger, oyinhloko yokusatshalaliswa kwamazwe aseYurophu kwi-ETF Securities. Njengoba i-supercycle ende yezimpahla ibonakala iphelile, amathuba okutshala imali kuzimpahla manje anengcuphe eyengeziwe, kepha futhi akhona nomvuzo omkhulu. Izinkampani zifunda ngomehluko phakathi kwamanani entengo yempahla namanani esikhathi esizayo - izinto ezibhekiswe olimini lwekusasa njengokubuyela emuva kanye ne-contango - ezibaluleke kakhulu njengezici zokuphakelwa kanye nesidingo sokubala izinzuzo ezingaba khona.
Imikhiqizo esuselwa emandleni
I-Ucits ETF, i-UBS ETF CMCI composite, ifaka izinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene ezinjengezamandla, ezolimo, nezinsimbi zezimboni, kepha iyakwazi ukunciphisa 'ukusebenza okungahambi kahle'. Ngokusho kuka-Andrew Walsh, i-CEO ye-UBS ETFs, lo mkhiqizo udonse u- $ 60 million (€ 53 million) wokutshalwa kwezimali emasontweni amabili ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, okukhombisa ukuthi kunesifiso sokutshala imali kuzimpahla. "Sizama ukuthola ukuthambekela kwesikhathi eside, okuyingxenye ye-equation, futhi sizama nokuthola izimo ezikhethekile lapho ukunikezwa kunganele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo lapho sibona amanani eqiniswa," kusho i-Estlander Enye indlela yokutshala imali kungaba ngempahla ebhalwe ku-stock exchange (i-ETC), ngenzuzo yokuthi noma ngubani, kusuka kumuntu ozimele kuya esikhwameni sempesheni, angatshala imali kuyo.
Ukubandakanyeka kwabatshalizimali abazimele kuzimpahla yinto uSteve Ruffley, usomaqhinga omkhulu wezimakethe wakwa-Intertrader, akuqaphelile. "Manje ubona abantu abavamile bezibandakanya no-oyela - bekuvame ukudayiswa ngamathimba ochwepheshe amahora angama-24 ngosuku," esho, enezela ngokuthi akacabangi ukuthi le nto izohlala isikhathi eside. Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili zokusebenzisa ama-ETC ukuthi ayamanzi kakhulu. Njengoba uWenger echaza, umtshalizimali ojwayelekile wezimpahla akayena umtshali-zimali wokuthenga nokubamba, kepha kunalokho ngusomaqhinga. Ukufakwa kwemali okwengeziwe kuvumela abatshalizimali ukuthi bangene futhi baphume ngokushesha, yize kufanele kushiwo ukuthi kunengozi enkulu yokusebenzisa la mathuluzi.
Abanakho ukuvikelwa kwabatshalizimali okunikezwe eminye imikhiqizo, okusho ukuthi, ngokusho kukaWalsh, kungalahleka imali eningi. Njengamanje kunokuntuleka okusobala kokuncintisana esikhaleni sezinto zokusetshenziswa; abatshalizimali namabhange okutshalwa kwezimali bayaphuma. Amabhange angaphansi kwengcindezi yokulawula ukugcina izidingo zemali futhi abanye bangaphikisana nokuthi amabhange okutshala imali awunawo amadeski amakhulu okuhweba ngempahla. Kodwa-ke, kulabo abasele kulo mdlalo, kubonakala kuyimakethe enhle.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kuzinsimbi eziyigugu
Igolide yi- inani lokukhosela esimweni esibucayi nokuthi, ngenkathi ezinye izindlela zokutshala imali ezinjengezibopho nezitoko zivame ukwehluleka ngezikhathi zokungezwani nokungazinzi ezimakethe, insimbi ephuzi ikhonjisiwe ukuthi ithuthukisa imiphumela yokutshalwa kwezimali, zombili ngezikhathi zokuzinza kanye nokungazinzi kwezezimali muva nje iminyaka.
Ungatshala igolide ngokusebenzisa i-bullion, ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene noma amafomu, futhi nangezimali zemali, noma ngabe lokhu kubalulekile ukuthi kube yithenda elisemthethweni ezweni lendabuko nokuthi lithengiswa ngentengo engeqi ku-80% inani legolide emakethe yamahhala.
Ungathenga imikhiqizo ehlukile yalezi zici, kusuka kumabha egolide angama-2 kuya ku-1.000 100 amagremu, angakhishwa phakathi kwama-euro ayikhulu kuya kwayi-21.000; ezinhlamvwini zensimbi eziyigugu, phakathi kwazo lapho kuvela khona i- "Kruger Rand" noma i- "Maple Leaf", futhi engathengwa kusuka kuma-euro angama-150.