Imajini yenzalo ikhula u-2,7% ngaphandle kwemvelo yenzalo ephansi eYurophu. Lesi yisona sici esivamile ezenzweni zamabhange ngesikhathi sokuqala konyaka. Lapho futhi kubonakala khona ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamakhredithi kwehlile ngalesi sikhathi yizinkampani zezezimali. Kufike ezingeni lokwehla kwesidingo sayo ngamaphesenti amaningi ngokuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule. Endaweni ejwayelekile lapho amanani entengo ewile ngenxa yentengo eshibhile yemali endaweni ye-euro.
Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni inani lenzalo endaweni ye-euro itholakala ku-0%. Ngamanye amagama, alinalutho futhi lokhu kubonakala emiphumeleni yebhizinisi yezinhlangano zezezimali ezehlise imingcele yazo yokulamula. Ngoba izinzuzo zalo mqondo zihlupheke kakhulu. Ukudlala ngokungahambisani nokuma kwayo ezimakethe zezimali. Ngaphandle kokunye ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe futhi mhlawumbe futhi kusukela ekubukeni kwezisekelo zayo.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, imali yasebhange yesikhathi esinqunyelwe nayo incishisiwe ngenzuzo yayo ephansi njengomphumela wentengo eshibhile yemali. Ngokuya ngemininingwane yakamuva evela eBhange LaseSpain, idiphozi emaphakathi yezinyanga eziyi-12 esikhathini sayo sokuhlala njengamanje inakho izinga lenzalo ka-0,13% cishe. Enye yezinto eziphansi kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva futhi lokho sekudale ingxenye enhle yabatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi ukuthi bakhethe ezinye izinhlobo zokutshala imali nokonga. Isibonelo, izimali ezihlanganyelwe kwezinye izimo, ukuthengwa nokuthengiswa kwamasheya emakethe yamasheya.
Amabhange: imali enenzalo encane
Esinye sezici zalo mkhiqizo wezezimali eminyakeni yamuva ukwehla kwawo okuphawulekayo kwinzalo esetshenziswe amabhange. Kuphi kunzima kakhulu ukweqa izinga le-0,60% ngokufaka imali ngale ndlela yokubhanga. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni ukonga kudluliselwe kwezinye izinhlobo ezinenzuzo enkulu. Yize zibandakanya ubungozi obuningi ezimweni zenkontileka njengoba kungekho ukubuyiselwa okungaguquki okuqinisekisiwe minyaka yonke. Ngaphakathi komongo ojwayelekile lapho kuthanda khona amandla okubhaliswa kwalesi sigaba semikhiqizo yezezimali, imali engenayo engaguquki neguqukayo.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele futhi kugcizelelwe ukuthi eminye imikhiqizo ivela lokho zishukumisa kakhulu ukuvikela ukonga endaweni enzima impela yezimakethe zokulingana. Lapho kukhona izinketho lapho inzuzo ingathuthukiswa khona, kepha kube izindleko zokuthatha izingozi eziningi ekunikezelweni kwale mikhiqizo yezezimali. Akumangalisi ukuthi sekuvele kunemikhiqizo embalwa ethathwa njengephephile ngo-100%, njengoba bekunjalo nangemali efakwa ebhange yesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Futhi leli qiniso lithinta imiphumela yebhizinisi yezikhungo zezikweletu.
Amakhredithi ashibhile kunangaphambili
Enye into ethonya ukubekwa kwamabhizinisi asebhange inzuzo engaphansi abayitholayo ngokunikezwa kwemali mboleko yabo. Kunoma iziphi izindlela nezakhiwo zayo: umthengi, okomuntu siqu, ukubambisa ngempahla noma ngisho ngalezo ezikhishwe ngamakhadi wesikweletu. Kuze kube yilapho intengo yamasheya abo ithintekile ngalesi simo esethulwe ngamabhange ngenxa yentengo eshibhile yemali. Lapho isilinganiso senzalo esimaphakathi abasisebenzisayo njengamanje sitholakala kuphi ebangeni elisuka ku-6% liye ku-8%. Amaphesenti amaningana ngamaphesenti aphansi kuneminyaka embalwa edlule, ngaphambi kokuba kuqale inkinga yezomnotho.
Ngenkathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthinta nokuthi amakhomishini nezinye izindleko ekuphathweni noma ekugcinweni kwawo kuncishiswe kakhulu kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkathi ezibanzi kakhulu kusukela ekubukeni kwemali. Njengoba nje kuye kwaba nokuguquka okuphawulekayo kwesidingo, yize ezinyangeni ezedlule lo mkhuba ushintshile emikhubeni yabasebenzisi bamabhange, njengoba kungabonakala kwimininingwane yakamuva enikezwe umkhakha wamabhange. Esimweni esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu esinikeza ukungabaza okuningi kubatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abathathe izikhundla kokunye ukuphepha kwalo mkhakha obalulekile ngaphakathi kwezimali zikazwelonke.
Ukuqashwa kweminye imikhiqizo
Omunye umphumela oqondile walolu shintsho emikhubeni yamakhasimende asebhange iqiniso lokuthi izimali zokutshalwa kwemali ziphinde zanda ezinyangeni ezedlule. Ngoba empeleni, ngokusho kwe-Association of Collective Investment Institutions and Pension Funds (Inverco) kukhombisa ukuthi phakathi kwe ukungaqiniseki okuphezulu obekubeka isimo sokuziphatha kwezimakethe, iziKhwama Zotshalomali zinciphise izimpahla zazo ngoMeyi ngama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-4.500 (1,7% ngaphansi kwenyanga edlule), zimi kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-264.492, okungaphezulu kancane kuka-6.977 million euros ngenhla ekupheleni kuka-2018 (2,7 % ngaphezu kukaDisemba odlule).
Lokhu kwehla kokulingana kubangelwe ukungasebenzi kahle kwezimakethe, ngoba okubhaliselwe okuphelele okubalelwa kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-414 kwaqoshwa ngaleso sikhathi. Kuthintekile, zombili izimali zokutshalwa kwezimali zamasheya kanye nalabo abavela emholweni ongaguquki. Kusuka ku- ezinye izindlela, njengemali, izindlu nezindawo noma kususelwa kuzinto zokusetshenziswa. Yize ibhalansi yalo nyaka icacile kahle kubahlanganyeli balo mkhiqizo wezezimali.
Thenga amasheya emakethe yamasheya
Abatshalizimali abancane nabaphakathi abanolaka kakhulu bahlala benendlela yokukhetha i- ukuthenga nokuthengisa amasheya ezimakethe zezimali zokulingana. Ngonyaka onzima kakhulu, kepha okwamanje kukhokha ohlangothini oluhle. Kuyingozi okufanele icatshangwe ukwenza ngcono inzuzo oyilondolozile lapho ubhekene nembuyiselo ebuthakathaka kumali engenayo engaguquki kanye nemikhiqizo yasebhange (amadiphozithi, amanothi ezethembiso noma amabhondi). Ukuba ngomunye wemithombo yenzuzo ohlangothini lwezikhungo zezikweletu zamakhomishini nezindleko ezibandakanya ukuqashwa kwabo.
Yize kuya ngokuya kuyinkimbinkimbi ukwenza imisebenzi enenzuzo esikhathini esifushane ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuvelayo ezimakethe zezimali. Lapho kunzima kakhulu ukugcina izinsuku eziningana zilandelana zokuqwala okuqhamukayo. Yize behambisa izinzuzo phakathi kwabaninimasheya ngenzuzo emaphakathi esondele ku-5%. Kunoma ikuphi, kuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho okunikezwa yimikhiqizo yokonga engadluli amazinga we-1%. Ngokwesimo esijwayelekile lapho kuya kuba nzima khona ukuqinisekisa imbuyiselo encane emalini etshaliwe. Futhi lokho kuholela abasebenzisi basebhange ukuthi bacele amamodeli wokutshala imali asanda kwenziwa.
Ukunikezwa kwamakhredithi
Ishidi lebhalansi elihlanganisiwe lamaqembu asebhange aseSpain lidlule ama-31 trillion euros kusukela ngoMashi 2019, 2,6, nge ukukhula kwe-3,2% unyaka nonyaka kusekelwa kakhulu ngokwanda kwezihloko ezimele umsebenzi ojwayelekile wokuthengisa okubhanga okuthengisa. Kokubili ukubolekwa kwamakhasimende nokufakwa kwemali kukhule ngaphezu kuka-5%, kuyilapho ibhalansi yemali ekhishwe ezikweletini inyuke ngo-9% unyaka nonyaka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikweletu sekhasimende, ifinyelele kuma-euro ayizigidigidi eziyi-1,6 kuze kube nguMashi, lokumelela lokungu-5,2% ngetimali yangekhatsi kwanyalo futsi lokumelela cishe 60% wetimphahla letonkhe ku-balance sheet. Isilinganiso se-NPL besingaphansi kancane kuka-4% ngemuva kokwehliswa kwephuzu elingaphezu kwesigamu sephesenti uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lonyaka ngaphambili, ngezinga lokumbozwa elilingana no-67,4% wezimpahla ezingabazekayo, uma kuqhathaniswa no-68,7, XNUMX% kusuka ngonyaka odlule.
Imali ikhula ngaphezu kuka-5%
Imali ekhokhwayo yamakhasimende ibingaphezu kwama-euro ayizigidigidi ezingama-1,4, u-5,5% ngaphezulu kunangoMashi 2018, asevele ekhona amele ngaphezu kuka-55% webhalansi eliphelele futhi bavumela ukuthi isilinganiso semalimboleko kumadiphozithi sigcinwe kuma-108%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhalansi yezokuphepha ngaphandle kwamasheya akhishiwe inyuke ngama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-30.000, i-9,3% phakathi nezinyanga eziyishumi nambili ezedlule, yaba yivolumu engaphezu kwama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-350.000.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, i- imali esekelweni etholakala emabhange amakhulu nasezikhungweni zezikweletu yehliswe yaba ibhalansi ephelele yenani lama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-13.000, ngokulambisa u-0,5% webhalansi isiyonke, nokwehla minyaka yonke kwama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-35.000. Kusukela ngoMashi 31, 2019, inani eliphelele lifike kuma-euro ayizigidi ezingama-192.000, ngokukhuphuka konyaka kuka-1,7%. Ivezwe ngokwesilinganiso se-solvency, isilinganiso sezinga eliphezulu kakhulu semali eyi-CET1 ilayishwe ngokugcwele ibimi ku-11,3%, okungamaphuzu ayisisekelo angama-20 ngaphezu konyaka odlule.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikweletu sekhasimende, ifinyelele kuma-euro ayizigidigidi eziyi-1,6 kuze kube nguMashi, lokumelela lokungu-5,2% ngetimali yangekhatsi kwanyalo futsi lokumelela cishe 60% wetimphahla letonkhe ku-balance sheet. Isilinganiso se-NPL besingaphansi kancane kuka-4% ngemuva kokwehliswa kwephuzu elingaphezu kwesigamu sephesenti uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lonyaka ngaphambili, ngezinga lokumbozwa elilingana no-67,4% wezimpahla ezingabazekayo, uma kuqhathaniswa no-68,7, XNUMX% kusuka ngonyaka odlule.