Amasheya ekhemikhali iSniace azobuyela enqoleni yezimakethe zamasheya zaseSpain emasontweni azayo. Alukabi bikho usuku oluhleliwe lokuthi izihloko zabo ziphinde zishintshaniswe esigcawini saseMadrid, noma kunjalo izibikezelo ziphakamisa ukuthi kuzoba cishe amasonto ama-2 noma ama-3. Hhayi ngeze, inkampani yaseCantabrian isivele isiqalile izinqubo zokuphakamisa ukumiswa kohlu lwayo emakethe yamasheya.
Kufanele ukhumbule lokho NgoSepthemba 2013, iNational Securities Market Commission (CNMV) yanquma ukumisa ukuhweba kwamasheya ayo ngendlela yokuvikela.. Ubhekene nesinqumo senkampani sokungena ukuqothuka ngokuzithandela, ngenxa yokungenzeki kokufinyelela esivumelwaneni sokukhokha izikweletu noma ukuthola ukwesekwa kwezezimali kwephrojekthi yebhizinisi labo.
Manje, lapho isicelo sokuphakamisa ukumiswa samukelwa yinhlangano kazwelonke elawulayo, izihloko zabo zizobuyela entengo yemakethe yamasheya. Kuyafaneleka ukusho lokho ivaliwe ngesilinganiso sokushintshaniswa sama-euro angu-0,196 ngesabelo ngasinye. Cishe kumazinga aphansi emlandweni, nangemva kokufinyelela kuma-euro angama-6,39 eminyakeni eyedlule.
Njengomphumela wokuvela kwayo ezimakethe zezezimali, kuzobaluleka ukwazi inani lentengo yakho. Ngoba ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka, ungafaka isu elilodwa noma elinye ngaphambi kokubuyela kwalo ezimakethe zamasheya, ukuthola imbuyiselo engcono kulondolozo lwakho.
Wawathenga ngamasheya ngamanani ngamanani amanani?
Kunoma ikuphi, kuzoba nezimo ezahlukile kulabo abathengisi abathole iziqu zabo ngama-euro ama-3, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, labo abenza imisebenzi yabo ngokusemthethweni emasontweni ngaphambi kokumiswa kwabo, cishe ama-0,20 noma ama-0,30 euros. Uma ukulesi sigaba sokuqala, uzoba ngomunye walabo abanobunzima obukhulu ekutholeni konke (noma ingxenye) yemali oyongile. Ngoba ngamanani wokuvalwa kokugcina uzoba nokulahlekelwa okusondele ku-90%.
Ngenkathi uma ungomunye wabathengi bemizuzu yokugcina, uzobhekana nokufika kwenani ezimakethe ngendlela engathandeki. Futhi ngokulungiselela okukhulu ukuxazulula inkinga esikhathini esifushane noma esimaphakathi ngokushesha lapho amanani abo esabela kahle ekusetshenzisweni kwalesi silinganiso. Hhayi ngeze, uzoba yi-10% noma i-20% kuphela ekufinyeleleni ezinhlosweni zakho, okungezona ezinye ngaphandle kokuvala izikhundla ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa, futhi ngenhlanhla encane noma ngokuzuza kwemali.
Esinye isici okufanele usicabangele ukukhulisa utshalomali lwakho ukuthi lapho ukuphepha kwabo sekufakwe ohlwini emakethe yaseSpain eqhubekayo, inkampani ihlele ukwenza ukwanda kwemali, lapho amasheya amasha azosatshalaliswa khona, ngokwesilinganiso samasheya amasha amabili endala ngayinye, anenani eliphansi lamasenti ayishumi lilinye, anamalungelo okukhetha okubhaliselwe abaninimasheya benkampani.
Kepha lokhu kuhamba kwebhizinisi kuzolithinta kanjani inani lentengo yakho? Ngokuyisisekelo, izodala umphumela wokuhlanjululwa kubo, okuyi kuholele ekuhwebeni ngaphansi kwentengo yokuvala ngaphambi kokumiswa. Lokhu kuchazwa ngoba njengoba kunezihloko eziningi, intengo yazo izokwehla ngokuya ngenombolo yazo.
Ngalokho okubikezelayo - futhi kucatshangelwa imiphumela yokwenyuka kwemali eyengeziwe eyenziwe yizinkampani ezibalwe kumholo oguqukayo - ukulahleka kuzoba yinto ejwayelekile yesimo esisha ozoyethula lapho ujoyina kabusha izimakethe zezezimali.
Lapho amasheya engekho ohlwini ...
Lesi simo esingajwayelekile sisho ukuthi uchithe ngaphezu kweminyaka emibili ungakwazanga ukwenza noma yini ngokuphelele ngezenzo zakho. Isizathu silula, ukungakwazi ukushintshanisa iziqu zakho, uzithola usesimweni sokuswela ngokuphelele - okuvelele kakhulu kwezokuphepha ezithuthukise le nhlangano yezomnotho -, nokuthi eminyakeni yamuva kuthinte izinkampani ezingaphezu kweyodwa ezisohlwini: iPascanova, iCampofrío noma iLa Seda de Barcelona, phakathi kwabanye.
Inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lapho ukuphela kwento ongayenza ukulinda, ngokubekezela okuncane, ize ixazululwe ekugcineni. Kwezinye izimo, ngendlela enhle, ukufaka kuhlu kabusha, njengakulesi simo esithile; kepha kokunye ngokuvala inkampani, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukulahlekelwa yiyo yonke imali ebiyitshaliwe kusukela ekuqaleni.
Yini ongayenza kulezi zimo? Kunjalo ikuvimbela ekuzithengiseni ezimakethe, futhi inqubo yokuthengwa kwamasheya phakathi kwabantu inikwe amandla, futhi iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi lokho kuzoholela ezinkingeni eziningi ekuxazululeni kwayo. Hhayi ize, uzodinga isenzo se-notarial esizokuqinisekisa ukusebenza, okuzodinga izindleko ezifunwa yile nsizakalo yobuchwepheshe, okwenza imiphumela yokusebenza kwakho ibize kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Amabhange azokukhokhisa ikhomishini yokugcinwa, noma ngabe incane kakhulu, ekuphathweni kwezokuphepha. Yebo, uqonde kahle, yize zintula inani langempela ngoba azikho ohlwini. Ngamafuphi, izindleko ezengeziwe ezingeziwe, noma ngabe awukwazi ukuphatha ubunikazi baleli fa eliyimali.
Izinkampani ezinemali encane kanye nokuthengiswa kwemali
Uma ubuyekeza umlando wazo zonke izinkampani ezimisiwe ohlwini lwazo, uzofinyelela esiphethweni esicace bha. Bangamaqembu amabhizinisi amancane, anezinkinga ezinkulu kwezezimali zabo, futhi iziqu zikabani ezinikeza isamba semali esincane ezimakethe.
Ngokufanayo, Zibonakala ngoba ziguquguquka kakhulu, ngokungafani okukhulu kumanani entengo efanayo yokuhweba, ezingakhuphukela ngisho ku-30%. Iningi yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-chicharros, ukuphepha okuqagelayo okuthokozisa abatshalizimali abanolaka kakhulu abazama ukuba ngosozigidi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi ekugcineni kwenqubo abathola ukuthi impahla yabo yehle kakhulu, benethuba langempela lokulahlekelwa yiyo konke.
Iningi labahlaziyi bezezimali lincoma ukubalekela la manani, ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Ukuqhubeka ngcono, izeluleko zakhe. Hhayi nje ngoba ukwehla kwamanani entengo kuphakeme impela, kepha ngoba isipiliyoni sikhombisa ukuthi bangaba ngabamele lesi simo esingemnandi: ukumiswa entengweni. Ngakho konke ukuphazamiseka okuboniswa kule ndatshana.
Futhi, imali yabo ephansi yakha ukuthi unenkinga engaphezu kweyodwa ukuyithengisa ngentengo yemakethe, ngoba ukufunwa kwamatayitela abo kungaphansi kokuphakelwayo. Ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngamaphakeji amakhulu amasheya ngenxa yenani lawo eliphezulu lezomnotho.
Njengoba kunikezwe lesi simo esivezwe yilawa magugu, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungavumi ukusebenza kwabo. Ukunikezwa kwezimakethe eziqhubekayo zikazwelonke kubanzi kakhulu ukuze kungakukhawuleli ezihlokweni zayo, lapho ukuzuza kungakhanga ngempela, kepha ukulahlekelwa akulutho oluncane. Esinye isici abasinikezayo ukuthi ababi izabelo kubaninimasheya, njengoba kuyizinkampani ezinezinkinga ezinkulu zezimali, ezingalethi nzuzo emiphumeleni yebhizinisi labo.
Kuzokwenzekani uma kubuyela ekuhwebeni?
Ezibambisweni akukho ukuqiniseka okuphelele, futhi izimakethe ngokwazo zisho amanani entengo yamasheya abo. Ungenza okuncane ngaleli qiniso lemakethe yesitoko. Naphezu kwakho konke, kunobunye ubufakazi obungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi bazoziphatha kanjani phakathi nezikhathi ezilandelayo. Kunjalo, ngaphandle kokulindela ukuvuselelwa okukhulu, okungenani phakathi namasonto okuqala okuhweba. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umphumela ungaba okuphikisanayo, njengomphumela wokukhuphuka kwemali ehlelwe yinkampani yamakhemikhali.
Ungakwazi yini ukuthatha izikhundla ngenani? Uma ufuna ukuthenga amasheya okokuqala ngqa, uzoba nethuba lokuwakhulisa ngamanani aphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke izingozi zizokwehla kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, Kuze kudlule imiphumela yokwenyuswa kwemali eyinkunzi, ngeke kunconywe ukubandakanyeka kunoma yikuphi ukusebenza.
Yize amanani abo enganakwa, noma ikuphi ukwehla kwentengo yayo kungamela ukulahleka kwama-euro amaningi. Uma ifinyelela intengo engu-0,10 euros, kusuka enanini layo lamanje, kungasho ukwehla okungekho ngaphansi kwama-50%.
Izeluleko eziyisithupha zokuthuthukisa isikhundla sakho ngenani
Ukuqala kabusha kwesilinganiso sayo, ngokungangabazeki kuyizindaba ezinhle zezintshisekelo zakho uma ubanjwe iziqu zabo manje eminyakeni emibili edlule. Kepha kunoma yikuphi, kufanele ube nokuqonda ngalesi silinganiso futhi uthathe uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokuqapha ukuzama ukuthola okungenani ingxenye yemali etshalwe kule nkampani. Ngezincomo ezithile ezilula, uzothola okuningi ngokubuya ezimakethe zamasheya ale nkampani.
- Ukubuyela kwayo emakethe yamasheya ngeke kusho ukuvuselelwa okuphawulekayo ngentengo yalo, hhayi kancane, maqondana nokuvalwa kokugcina (2013) njengoba ama-akhawunti ayo ebhizinisi ehlehliswe kakhulu yizikweletu zawo.
- Kuzodingeka usebenzise noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kwe-bullish ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuhweba ukuzithengisa ngentengo yemakethe, ikakhulukazi uma udinga imali ukuze ukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezindleko zakho eziyinhloko zomndeni.
- Akufanele nakancane ukuthi ubheke amanani entengo acashunwe ngayo eminyakeni ethile eyedlule, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ayisoze yafinyelela kubo, okungenani esikhathini esifushane nesikhathi eside.
- Ungasizakala ngesimo sabo ukuze thuthukisa ukuthengiswa kwabakhubazekile ukwehlisa isikweletu sakho ngonyaka wezimali olandelayo, futhi ngale ndlela, gcina ama-euro ambalwa esitatimendeni semali engenayo.
- Kuzoba ngesikhathi esifanele kakhulu ukuthi ukwenze kube semthethweni ukuthengiswa kwamasheya ukuze udlulise inani lawo ubheke ezinye izinkampani njengamanje ezinokulindela okuphezulu kokwazisa ngamanani abo. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka okwenziwe yileli nani emakethe yamasheya yaseSpain.
- Uma kwenzeka ungayidingi imali, futhi uma utshalomali lukhulu kakhulu, ungalinda ukubona ukuthi amanani abo aguqukela kanjani ezinyangeni ezizayo. Uma kwenzeka ukwakhiwa kabusha kwenkampani kusebenze njengesaba esicacile samanani okuthatha umfutho obheke phezulu esikhathini eside esizayo.