Enye yezinzuzo ezinkulu zamasheya okuhweba ukuthi ungathenga amasheya ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Kusuka ezinkampanini zikawoyela kuye emabhange, ngokusebenzisa izinkampani zobuchwepheshe. Konke kubhalwe kuma-stock exchange emhlabeni wonke, cishe ngaphandle kokukhetha.. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi iningi livela imikhakha yendabuko, yesikhathi sokuphila konke, nokuthi abazali bakho bathenga ukwenza ukulondolozwa kwabo kube nenzuzo emashumini ambalwa edlule.
Izinguquko nazo zifinyelele emhlabeni wezimakethe zamasheya, futhi imikhakha kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule eyayingacabangi ukuthi ibalwe, manje yenza njalo njalo. Ukunikezwa kukhule ngendlela yokuthi njengamanje ungakhetha amanani wangempela uqobo, noma okungenani amasha. Kodwa-ke, kulula ukuthi ubazi ngokujula, ukuze kuthi ngesikhathi esithile ukwazi ukusebenza kuzo, futhi uthole izinzuzo ezinkulu zamanzi ezisebenzisela ukuzitotosa ngezinzuzo zazo.
Ngokufanayo, zingaba nenzuzo ngokulinganayo kunezokuphepha okuvamile, ngoba akukho mehluko omkhulu. Okumayelana nokuthi uyabazi futhi unwebisa amathuba akho njalo lapho unquma ukutshala imali oyilondolozile ezimakethe zamasheya. Zizoba ne-bullish noma i-bearish, hhayi ngenxa yezici zazo ezikhethekile, kepha ngenxa yemiphumela yebhizinisi abayethula ikota ngayinye, kepha ikakhulukazi ngenxa yesici sobuchwepheshe sezingcaphuno zabo zamanani. Ngokwalo mbono zihlala ziyizindinganiso ezijwayelekile ngokuphelele.
Kulesi simo esimangazayo, ezinye izindlela eziningi zivulekile kuwe, ngaphezu kwalokho obengakucabanga ekuqaleni. Ngeke kusadingeka ukuthi uzilinganisele ekuthengeni amasheya eTelefonica, Repsol noma e-Iberdrola. Abanye bazokumangaza, abanye kuzoba nzima ukukukholelwa, futhi noma kunjalo ngeke bangabonakali.. Ngisho nokuba ngumtshali-zimali onolwazi ohweba njalo kulezi zimakethe. Ukukusiza ukufeza izinhloso zakho, kule ndatshana uzoba neziphakamiso zokuthola amanani afisa ukwazi kakhulu emakethe yamasheya.
Amakilabhu ebhola: kuye ngokuthi ibhola liyangena yini
Ngeke nje ukwazi ukujabula ngezinhloso zethimba lakho olithandayo, kodwa futhi uzokwazi ukuthola ukubuya kwezomnotho nabo. Ubuza, ngayiphi indlela. Kulula impela, ukuthenga amasheya ezinye zazo. Yize ungahle ungazi, kungenzeka ukuthi kufakwe ezimakethe zezimali iminyaka ethile. Uzoba nenkinga eyodwa ebucayi, futhi lokho ngukuthi kuzofanele uye ezimakethe zamasheya zakwamanye amazwe ukubhekana nale misebenzi.
Okwamanje, emalini yaseSpain ngeke ukwazi ukwenza le misebenzi. Uma ukufunda lolu lwazi kukwenza ufune ukuthenga amasheya eReal Madrid, iFútbol Club Barcelona noma i-Atlético de Madrid, kungcono uyeke. Alikho iqembu lesizwe elibhalwe emakethe yamasheya, noma kwezinye izimakethe. Kusazodingeka ulinde iminyaka embalwa ukubona isifiso sakho sigcwaliseka. Uzoba nezinsizakusebenza zokuthola imali ethile ngokubheja okwenzayo ezisekelweni zomdlalo ezisetshenziswa iningi ezweni lethu. Kepha akukho okunye.
Kepha uma ungumuntu othanda lo mdlalo, iminyango izokuvulela ithuba lokuthi utshale imali yakho kumakilabhu adume kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Akumangalisi ukuthi ezimakethe ezinkulu zamasheya zaseYurophu (iJalimane, i-Italy, iGreat Britain, iDenmark, kanye nePortugal) kungenzeka ukuthi wenze le misebenzi. Amaqembu adume njengeBorussia Dortmund, iGalasataray, iPorto, iManchester United noma iJuventus abhalwe ohlwini lwezimakethe zawo zamasheya.
Ungacabangi ukuthi lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kulawulwa yimibandela efanayo nezinkampani ezivamile. Cha akunjalo, futhi yize kulokhu, ama-akhawunti ebhizinisi, ukunyakaza kwezinkampani noma imiphumela yawo yekota ngayinye kudlala indima enqumayo ekubekeni amanani abo. Emaqenjini ebhola lezinyawo kuhluke kakhulu, kwazise Ukutholwa kwesihloko noma ukusayinwa kwenkanyezi enkulu yebhola kungakhiqiza inzuzo enkulu futhi enkulu. Futhi kunalokho, ukuqedwa kwayo emncintiswaneni, kungakwenza ushiye ama-euro amaningi endleleni.
Angamanani aguquguqukayo asuswa, amaningi ngemizwa kunangezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo. Ngomehluko ophakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezintengo zabo ezisezingeni eliphakeme nezincane, ezenza zifiseleke kakhulu uma isifiso sakho esikhulu ukwenza imisebenzi ngasikhathi sinye sokuhweba. Hhayi ngeze, umehluko wabo ungafinyelela ku-20%, ngisho nangaphezulu kwezinye izimo ezihlukile.
Imakethe ehlukile, enenhlanganisela yonke yamanani
Uma ufuna ukwenza imisebenzi yamasheya emakethe kazwelonke, unenketho kunqwaba yezinkampani - okungenzeka ukuthi awukaze uzwe ngazo - ezibhalwe ku-Alternative Stock Market (MAB). Zimele yonke imikhakha yebhizinisi, kepha kusezindaweni zebhizinisi ezintsha lapho zimelwe khona kakhulu: ubuchwepheshe obusha, i-intanethi, ama-biochemicals kanye namabhizinisi edijithali ngezinye zazo.
Ukunikezwa kubanzi impela (iCarbures, i-Eurona, njll.). Lezi yizinkampani ezincane ezibalwe kule makethe ukuze zixhase amabhizinisi abo, futhi ezisekela ubukhona bazo ezimakethe, kunokuba zibhekane namaqiniso ebhizinisi, kulokho okulindelwe amabhizinisi abo. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenza bakhombise ukuguquguquka okunobudlova emananini abo kunokujwayelekile. Kakhulu kangako, ukuthi bandiza ngo-20%, njengoba ngosuku olulandelayo belungisa amanani abo ngamandla afanayo.
Uma ufuna ukuthatha izikhundla kunoma yiliphi lalawa magugu, kufanele wazi ukuthi cishe zonke ziqagela kakhulu. Ungathola izimbuyiselo eziphakeme kakhulu, ngaphezu kwezinye izinkomba, kepha futhi ulahlekelwe yingxenye ebalulekile yenhlokodolobha yakho. Ngenxa yalesi sici, azinconyelwa bonke abatshalizimali, kepha kunalokho, abanolwazi kakhulu yilabo abaqala ngezinzuzo ezinkulu kakhulu ukufeza izinhloso zabo.
Ukwehla kwemali ephansi ephethwe yizihloko kusho ukuthi bambalwa kakhulu abathengiswa kuseshini ngayinye yokuhweba. Futhi uze ube nobunzima obuthile bokungena noma ukuphuma ezimaketheimpela ngenxa yalomnikelo ovezwa yilezi zimiso. Uma naphezu kwakho konke, umqondo wokubaqasha ukuheha wena, hloma isineke, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke, thatha ukuphumula ngoba uzoba nemizwa enamandla kakhulu ngaphambi kokuguquguquka kwamanani abo.
Izitoko zewayini, ubukhazikhazi obuncane kuphothifoliyo yakho
Ungaba ngumthandi wamawayini amaningi emhlabeni, kepha mhlawumbe awazi futhi ngamawayini awo abhalwe emakethe yamasheya. Ngokungafani nesiphakamiso sangaphambilini, yizinkampani ezinokuqina okukhulu kwemakethe yamasheya, okuqabukela kukhulisa ukunyakaza okungazelelwe ngentengo yazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinikeza ukuzinza okwanele, ngezithelo ngamanani abo cishe ku-5% noma ku-10% ngonyaka. Futhi nokuthi banesandulela sabatshalizimali abavikela kakhulu.
ESpain bamelwe yiBodegas Riojanas, iBarón de Ley nabanye abaningi. Kodwa-ke, ukunikezwa kwayo phesheya kunamandla amakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe zaseNyakatho Melika, eFrance nase-Italy. Linani eliphephile, elingajwayelekile ukukhiqiza ukulahleka okuphawulekayo, futhi elincike ekusetshenzisweni kwalesi siphuzo.
Uma ulithanda iwayini, kusukela manje kuqhubeke ngeke ube nezaba zokukhetha noma yimuphi wabakhiqizi balo, futhi wenze ukunikela kwakho kube nenzuzo ngalolu hlobo lokuqala, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, ngendlela ekhiqizayo. Ukuphawula, noma kunjalo, ukuthi kuyindlela ongakhetha kuyo kuphela ongayibeka ezandleni zakho, futhi kuphela ezimweni lapho ukuthambekela kwayo kukuhle lapho ungabafaka khona kuphothifoliyo yakho, njengokungathi kungenye yezokuphepha. Akumangalisi ukuthi akukho mehluko omningi maqondana nalokhu.
Ungasebenza kanjani ngalawa magugu?
Ngenxa yezici zayo ezikhethekile, ukusebenza kwakho ngeke kube okujwayelekile, kepha Bazodinga izihlungi ezidingekayo ukukuvikela ezenzweni ezingafuneki ezingalimaza izintshisekelo zabo. Hhayi ngoba kungamasheya woqobo, noma okungenani kude nezimali ezijwayelekile, kufanele uzisuse isu lakho emakethe yamasheya.
Kepha yebo, kufanele okungenani ukhumbule konke okuhlukile, okukuningi esimweni ngasinye, nalokho kuzodinga ukwelashwa okuthile ukwenza imisebenzi yakho iphumelele kakhulu ngenhloso eyinhloko yokufeza izinhloso zakho. Futhi lokho kungafingqwa kumathiphu alandelayo akhonjiswe ku-decalogue yezinhloso ezinhle.
- Ungayitshaleli imali yakho iqiniso lokuthi ngamanani wangempela, noma okungenani ehlukile, ngoba ingakuholela esimweni esingahambisani nezintshisekelo zakho.
- Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungaba yithuba lokuthola izinzuzo zokuphana, unganqikazi, zizame kepha wazi kusengaphambili lokho yizinkampani ezinokwehluka kwazo.
- Ezimweni eziningi, ukukhetha kwakho kungasebenza njengomphelelisi wokwenza iphothifoliyo yakho yokutshala imali ngokuvumelana nezimo okukhulu, kepha iminikelo ephansi yezomnotho ayiphezulu kakhulu.
- Kufanele yazi umkhakha lapho iziqu zawo zihlanganiswa khona, uma ufuna ngempela ukuthi umsebenzi wakho uhanjiswe ngendlela efanele, nangaphansi kwamamaki amancane wokuzuza izinhloso.
- Kuzonconywa kakhulu ukuthi uvikele utshalomali, ngamathuluzi afakwa ezimakethe kutholakale kalula: misa ama-oda wokulahleka, ukuqapha izisekelo nokuhamba kwezihloko zawo, phakathi kwamanye amasu.
- Khumbula ukuthi awunaso isibopho sokuthatha izikhundla kulezi zinkampani, kodwa kuphela Kungenye enye indlela onayo ezimakethe zezimali, ngaphandle kokuningi.
- Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ungaqongelela umcebo ongaphezu kokucatshangwayo uma uwaqasha, kepha ngokubuyiselwa ukulahlekelwa kungakhokhisa ngokweqile ama-akhawunti akho, uma utshalomali lungathuthukiswa ngokuya ngezintshisekelo zakho.
- Uma inhloso yakho yokugcina ukufuna ukuzinza entengo yakho, kungcono uzidele lezi zinkampani, bese phambukisela iminikelo yakho kwamanye amanani aphephile.
- Okwangempela akufani nokusebenza okungcono, futhi lo mthetho kufanele ulawule izenzo zakho ezimakethe zamasheya kusukela manje kuqhubeke, noma uzisebenzise njengebhaxa lokuthola imali ethe xaxa.
- Futhi ekugcineni, cabanga ukuthi imayelana amasheya angasetshenziswa kalula ngezandla eziqinile zezimakethe (abatshalizimali abakhulu), ngokuxoxisana ngamanani abo ngezihloko ezimbalwa kakhulu.