Uma kukhona idatha yezomnotho enomthelela okhethekile kubantu, ayikho enye ngaphandle kwalokhu okuhlobene nemakethe yezabasebenzi. Kukhombisa ngaso sonke isikhathi umsebenzi osemkhakheni wezabasebenzi nezinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi okwenziwa ezweni. Kunjalo-ke ukubaluleka kwayo eSpain ukuthi ingxenye enhle ye- izinyathelo zomnotho Bahlose ukuxazulula le nkinga phakathi kwabantu. Ukufika ezingeni lokuthi izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi elingase livele lingavela amapulani amasha ezithinta ukukhiqiza, intela noma izinqubomgomo zezimali eziqukethe ukwehla kwamandla emali.
Ukungasebenzi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunomthelela omncane ekutshalweni kwemali. Akumangalisi ukuthi umthelela wayo ezimakethe zezimali cishe awuncane. Ukuphepha akubhalisiwe ngoba kunenani elikhulu noma elincane labangasebenzi, kodwa ngenxa yolunye uchungechunge lwezinto ezisiza intengo ye- amasheya aya phezulu noma phansi ngesikhathi esithile. Izimakethe zezezimali aziqondi imizwa, kepha zilawulwa yizizathu ezizwakalayo. Ngoba njengoba abatshalizimali abaningi besho, "imakethe yamasheya iyimakethe yamasheya."
Kunoma ikuphi, njalo lapho kuvela idatha emayelana nesimo sokungasebenzi, zihlala zihlaziywa ngokuningiliziwe ngabaphathi bezimali abakhulu ezweni. Ngoba phakathi kwezinye izizathu ichaza iqiniso elibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho elithinta ohulumeni, abaqashi nabasebenzi. Ngale kokukhulu noma okuncane kwakho umthelela ezimakethe zezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngeke kulibaleke ukuthi njengoba ukuncipha kwemisebenzi kuncipha, kuzoba nokusetshenziswa okukhulu emphakathini. Futhi-ke inzuzo yezinkampani izokwanda. Ngokwanda kwenzuzo yesabelo ngasinye.
Ukungasebenzi okwamanje
El inani labaqashiwe kwehle ngabantu abangama-50.900 kwikota yesine yonyaka wezi-2017 uma kuqhathaniswa nekota edlule (–0,27%) futhi bama kuma-18.998.400. Mayelana nemigomo ehlelwe ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, ukuhluka kwekota kungu-0,39%. Lapho ukuqashwa kukhule ngabantu abangama-490.300 ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule, ngezinga lonyaka elingu-2,65%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqashwa emkhakheni kahulumeni kukhuphuke kuleli kota ngo-12.700 63.500, kanti emkhakheni ozimele kwehle ngama-12. Ezinyangeni eziyi-401.600 ezedlule, ukuqashwa kukhuphuke ngabantu abangama-88.600 emkhakheni ozimele kanye nama-XNUMX emphakathini, ngokusho kwedatha enikezwe yiNational Institute of Statistics (INE).
Kwelinye izinga lale datha, inani eliphelele labasebenzi lenyuka kuleli kota ngo-15.900 118.800. Labo abanenkontileka engunaphakade benyuke ngo-102.900, kanti labo abanenkontileka yesikhashana behle ngo-XNUMX. Ngokwehluka konyaka, inani le- Abahola amaholo bakhula ngo-537.100 (Ukuqashwa unomphela kukhuphuke ngabantu abangama-357.900 kanti abaqashwa okwesikhashana ngo-179.200). Isibalo sabasebenzi abazisebenzelayo sehle ngama-66.300 kulekota nakwe-45.400 ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule. Ukuqashwa kwenyukile kuleli kota kwezolimo (43.700 ngaphezulu) nezimboni (40.700), kwehla nasezinsizakalweni (-124.300) nasekwakhiweni (-10.900).
Ngokusatshalaliswa kwezindawo
Imininingwane ekhiqizwe yiNational Institute of Statistics nayo ikhombisa izehlakalo zokuqashwa maqondana nemiphakathi ezimele. Ngochungechunge lokwehluka phakathi kwezinye zazo futhi lapho kungacashunwa khona uchungechunge lwemininingwane ethokozisayo ukuqonda leli qiniso lezenhlalo eSpain. Ngoba empeleni, ukwanda okukhulu kokuqashwa kuleli kota kwenzeke eMphakathini waseValencian (21.800 ngaphezulu), e-Andalusia (19.300) naseCanary Islands (16.600).
Ngenkathi, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwehla okukhulu kwenzeka eziQhingini zaseBalearic (ngaphansi kuka-65.500 20.900), eCastilla y León (–16.700) naseGalicia (-126.400). Ngonyaka odlule, ukwenyuka okukhulu kwenani labantu abaqashiwe kubonwe e-Andalusia (113.600), eCatalonia (66.200) naseMphakathini waseMadrid (7.100). Ngokwengxenye yayo, ukwehla okukhulu kwenzeka eCastilla y León, nge-XNUMX engaphansi. Lezi zibalo ziqinisekisa ukuthi kusengxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe lapho kukhiqizwa khona imininingwane ehamba phambili esikhathini esihlaziyiwe. Ngokukhishwa okubaluleke kakhulu kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kule datha enikezwe yi-INE.
Elinye lamazinga aphakeme kakhulu eYurophu
Kunoma ikuphi, amazinga okungaqashwa eSpain angenye yezinga eliphezulu kakhulu kulo lonke izwekazi laseYurophu. Okuthile okunomthelela kwezinye zezinyathelo ezithathwa kwiziphathimandla zikazwelonke. Ngochungechunge lwe izikhuthazo ukulungisa ukuthi lezi zibalo ziyanda inyanga nenyanga. Ngenxa yomthelela ocacile onawo ekusetshenzisweni kwasekhaya. Futhi ngalo mqondo, kungakhohlwa ukuthi le nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekuchazeni ukukhula komnotho waseSpain.
Akumangalisi ukuthi iGreat Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ixhunyaniswe kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kweSpain. Ukufika lapho umuntu kulezi zimo, okungukuthi engasebenzi, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kumazinga amancane. Ngomthelela oqondile ekuthengweni kwanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo kuma-athikili. Ukusuka kwimikhiqizo eyisisekelo enqoleni yokuthenga kuye ekutholakaleni kwezinto zokusebenza, izingubo, izicathulo, njll. Ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukuthi nezinga labo lokuhamba nalo lehlisiwe kulokho okwenziwa njengemboni enkulu ezweni.
Akunamphumela wokulingana
Vele, alikho inani lemakethe elibamba lokhu kuhamba emakethe yezabasebenzi eSpain. Azikho ngisho nezinkampani eziqashayo zesikhashana okwamanje ezibalwe kumasheya aseSpain. Lesi sici sichaza nokuthi kungani ukushicilelwa kwale mininingwane ngesimo sokuqashwa kwabaseSpain kungenamthelela. Noma ngabe uthambekele kuphi ezimakethe. Ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlala kusebenza ngaphansi kwamazinga aphansi angabonakaleki kwikhotheshini yentengo yamasheya. Lokhu kuyiqiniso okufanele licatshangelwe kusuka ezindleleni zezomnotho zobuchwepheshe.
Okuhamba phambili lapho ukunyakaza kwakho kungahamba ukumaka ukulahleka okuthile futhi kunqunyelwe ngokuphelele ngezikhathi ezimbalwa zamasheya. Kepha ngaphandle kokuthinta inani imakethe yamasheya ikakhulukazi, njengoba kwenzeka ngokushicilelwa kweminye imininingwane ye-macroeconomic. Uma kungenjalo, ngokuphambene nalokho, zithinta kuphela amandla wesimo sezinkomba zemakethe yezezimali. Ngakho-ke, uma ungumtshali-zimali omncane nophakathi, ngeke kudingeke wesabe ngokweqile ngalezi zinyathelo zebanga elincane kakhulu futhi ezikhethekile ngasikhathi sinye.
Zikhuthaza ubumbano lomphakathi
Imiphumela engenziwa yilezi zibalo ekuswelekeni kwemisebenzi ingeyenhlalo. Ngomqondo wokuthi lapho kukhona abambalwa abangasebenzi kuwuphawu olucacile lomphakathi ohleleke ngokwengeziwe. Lapho la mazwe ethula khona amazinga okungaqashwa adlula phakathi kuka-3% no-8%. Ezimweni eziningi umsuka wayo uthi kwesakhiwo kuphela, ngokwesibonelo emazweni aseScandinavia enyakatho yeYurophu. Noma kwezinye izikhathi ngisho naseMelika impela, njengoba kwenzeka ngaphansi kukaMongameli uDonald Trump. Lapho ukungasebenzi kungaphansi komlando wayo ngamaphesenti angaphansi kuka-6% izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Elinye icala elihluke kakhulu yilokho okwenzeka eSpain, lapho ukungasebenzi bekuvame ukuphakama kakhulu emashumini eminyaka ambalwa. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi izinga lakhe selifikile weqa umkhawulo ongu-25%. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi noma yikuphi ukubuyela emuva, nganoma yimuphi umqondo, akunamthelela ezimakethe zokulingana. Ngaphandle komphumela okuvezayo kunhlalo yabantu. Kuyisihlava senhlalo esibhekelwa ohulumeni ngezinhlelo noma ngezinyathelo zokukhuthaza ukuqashwa ngaphezu kwezinye izinto ezibhekwayo.
I-Outlook yango-2018
Kunoma ikuphi, izibikezelo zalo nyaka azinikeli ngokufana okuphelele. Kodwa-ke, izilinganiso eziningi ziphakamisa ukuthi u-2018 uzovala unyaka ngezinga ezingeni lokungasebenzi kusondele kakhulu ku-15%, lapho izinga lokudalwa kwemisebenzi lizokweqa kancane izinga le-2%. Ngokwenzayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi kulo nyaka usesimweni sokudala okungenani imisebenzi emisha engama-400.000. Umkhuba osuvele waqala eSpain phakathi nonyaka esiwushiye ngemuva. Lesi yisibalo izimakethe zezezimali ezisicabangayo futhi lokho kwehliswe ngokwengxenye kumasheya.
Elinye icala elehluke kakhulu yilokho okwenzeka ngalokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukungasebenzi kwentsha ezweni lethu. Ingelinye lamazwe aphakeme kakhulu e-European Union, anamazinga angaphezu kuka-40%. Futhi lokho kunoma yikuphi kuncishiswa yizinkontileka zesikhashana noma okungenani izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ikakhulukazi emikhakheni ethile yomnotho waseSpain njengokuvakasha. Ngenxa yalo mniningwane ofanayo, kuyabonakala ukuthi ngezikhathi zasehlobo amazinga okungaqashwa ajwayele ukuba ngcono, ngisho kakhulu kakhulu kweminye imiphakathi ezimele. Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zelanga nasolwandle nasemadolobheni amakhulu. Ukulimala kwemikhakha, njengezimboni, lapho kunzima khona ukwehlisa la mazinga.
Ngomthelela oqondile ekuthengweni kwanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo kuma-athikili. Ukusuka kwimikhiqizo eyisisekelo enqoleni yokuthenga kuye ekutholakaleni kwezinto zokusebenza, izingubo, izicathulo, njll. Ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukuthi izinga labo lokuhamba nalo lehlisiwe kulokho okwenziwa njengemboni enkulu ezweni.