Uyintoni umvuzo ophantsi kunye nomvuzo wokwenyani

Xa sifuna umsebenzi enye ye Imiba esihlala siyithathela ingqalelo ngumvuzo; Njengoko kufunwa ukuba oku kuhambelana nexesha elityaliweyo, kunye nezinto ezenziwayo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amandla omntu wokwenza umsebenzi ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye izisa uqoqosho lwenkampani. Ngoku, lixabisa kangakanani ixesha lethu? Yimalini esiyifunayo ukuze sikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zethu?

Enye yezona zinto zithandabuzekayo kukwazi umahluko phakathi komvuzo wenene kunye nomvuzo omiselweyoKe ngoko, apha ngezantsi siza kuchaza ukuba nganye inantoni kwaye zahluke njani.

Uyintoni umvuzo?

Okokuqala, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba umvuzo yimali efunyanwa ngumsebenzi, ngesiqhelo ngamaxesha athile (ihlala ibakho qho ngenyanga). Kule nto unokwahlula umvuzo kunye nomvuzo wangempela, endiza kuwuchaza apha ngezantsi:

Iikhonsepthi zomvuzo ophantsi kunye nomvuzo wokwenyani

Zimbini iimeko ezibonisa umvuzo umntu anawo, nanku umbuzo uphakama wokuba kutheni kufuneka njalo Iikota ezimbini zomvuzo omnye, ukusukela oko ukuba zimbini akuthethi ukuba loo mivuzo mibini ifunyenwe, kodwa kunoko le migaqo isebenza ukubonisa izinto ezimbini ezithathwa njengezibalulekileyo emvuzweni; le migaqo nominal nomvuzo wokwenyani, Emva koko, kuya kunikwa inkcazo emfutshane malunga nokuba yeyiphi na nganye kwezi.

Igama lomvuzo

Igama elithi umvuzo omncinci libhekisa kwi umvuzo ngokoqobo ubonakaliswe emalini; Sisamba semali esihlawulwa umsebenzi ngomsebenzi owenziweyo ngexesha losuku olumiselweyo. Xa sithetha ngomvuzo omncinci asinakho ukusinika umbono ngokubanzi malunga inqanaba okanye ixabiso lokwenyani lomvuzo. Ixabiso lokwenyani lalo mvuzo lixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwinqanaba lamaxabiso ahambelana nezinto ezisetyenziswa ngumntu, kwanexabiso leenkonzo ezifunekayo, nakwivolumu yerhafu, phakathi kwezinye iindleko eziqhelekileyo.

Okwangoku, kula mazwe apho inkqubo elawula ukufunyanwa yi-Capitalism, ngaphandle kokuvela kokubonakalayo ukwanda kwintetho yemivuzo ngokwexabiso lemaliOko kuthathwa njengowona mvuzo wokwenyani ofunyanwa ngabasebenzi kuthanda ukwehla ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso amanqaku athathwa njengamanqaku osetyenziso oluqhelekileyo, ebhekisa kwintsebenzo eyenziwa ngumsebenzi ukwanelisa iimfuno zakhe; Oku kwehla kwexabiso kukwabangelwa kukunyuka kwemithwalo yerhafu, kungenxa yokuba iinjongo zikarhulumente kukuba abasebenzi ngabo abathwala wonke umthwalo oveliswayo ngenxa yobunzima bezoqoqosho kunye nobunzima obuveliswe ngumsebenzi wezixhobo.

Ngokuchasene noko, kwiindawo apho inkqubo ilawulwa sisoshiyali, ukunyuka kumvuzo omncinci ngakumbi xa ibhekisa kudidi lwabasebenzi nolwabasebenzi abafumana umvuzo ophantsi-, xa sikhatshwa ngu ukunciphisa ixabiso Izinto ezisisiseko zabathengi zabasebenzi, oko kubizwa ngokuba ngumvuzo wokwenene wabo bonke abasebenzi kwandiswe kakhulu. Elona candelo libaluleke kakhulu elenza oku Umvuzo ohambelana noko, ebonelelwa ziimali zabathengi, ezijolise ekuhlangabezeni iimfuno ezihlangeneyo zawo onke amalungu oluntu lwentlalo. Ulwabiwo olwenziwe ngurhulumente wobusoshiyali neminye imibutho yoluntu eyenzelwe ezi njongo, inyusa kwingcali isinye kwisithathu somvuzo ofunyanwa ngabasebenzi. Njengokuba imveliso yentlalo inyuka kwaye kwangaxeshanye isiqinisekiso sabasebenzi sinyuka, kancinci kancinci amanqanaba emivuzo yabasebenzi, abasebenzi kunye neengqondi ziya kusondela bade bahlale kwinqanaba elinye.

Umvuzo wokwenyani

Le nkcazo ibhekisa umvuzo ochazwe ngokubhekiselele kwimpilo neenkonzo Umsebenzi lowo kuwo umvuzo wakhe; Ibonisa ubungakanani bezinto abathengi anokuthi azifumane, kunye neenkonzo ezinokuthengwa ngumsebenzi ngomvuzo wakhe (olawulwa kwimali ayifumanayo umsebenzi). Ixabiso elinokunikezelwa kumvuzo wokwenene lixhomekeke kukuqwalaselwa okuninzi, Ngenisa ezinye zazo zixhomekeke kwi ubukhulu bomvuzo omncinci, enye into ngu inqanaba lexabiso ezingqinelana nezinto zabathengi kunye nenqanaba lamaxabiso enkonzo, ubungakanani bawo bumiselwe lixabiso leerhafu ngenxa yeerhafu ezibekelwe abasebenzi ngoorhulumente.

Kumazwe alawulwa ngongxowankulu, into eyenzeka rhoqo kukuba Iindleko zento kananjalo neenkonzo, ukongeza kwirenti kunye neerhafu, zikhula ngokuqhubekayo. Umzabalazo weklasi okhoyo kwezi nkqubo ubangela ukuba nomvuzo otshintshiwe nawo utshintshe. Ngokwenyani ngumthetho wongxowankulu ukuba umvuzo wokwenene womsebenzi ziphathe ngendlela yokuba ithande ukwehla. Kula mazwe alawulwa yinkqubo yongxowankulu, kwenzeka into echaphazela umvuzo wokwenene, ukuzenzekelayo kweenkqubo zokuvelisa kunye nemveliso eqhutywayo, kubandakanya inyani yokwandisa inani labasebenzi nabasebenzi abaphantsi abanezakhono kwaye ke aba basebenzi ufumana umvuzo ophantsi nefuthe elibi kubungakanani bomvuzo wokwenene.

Nangona umzabalazo weklasi ubangela ukuba umvuzo unyuswe, inyani kukuba ukunyuka komvuzo omncinci akubuyisi ngokwenyani ukuhla komvuzo wokwenyani, kuba ezinye izinto zibeka isigqibo, ezinje ngamaxabiso amanqaku oSetyenziswa kunye neerhafu ezifunekayo zikhula ngokukhawuleza kunomvuzo omiselweyo. Ngale ndlela sinokufumanisa ukuba imeko eqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kokuphakama komvuzo, lelo xesha ngalinye Umsebenzi akakwazi ukuthenga iimveliso zabathengi ezisisiseko. Indlela urhulumente okanye amaziko aphetheyo ekugxekeni nasekulawuleni le micimbi abale umyinge womvuzo wokwenyani wabasebenzi ayixhomekekanga kumaqela athile eluntwini kodwa kwisixa somvuzo wabasebenzi ngomvuzo wabasebenzi. Abasebenzi abahlawulwa kakuhle, badibanisa abaphathi beenkampani kunye nabalawuli, amanye amalungu oluntu, nokuba umvuzo wabo uphantsi okanye uphezulu.

Phantsi kolawulo olulawulwa bubusoshiyali, lo mbandela uphethwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo kuba umvuzo awulilo ixabiso labasebenzi, oku kuthetha ukuba Umvuzo womsebenzi awuxhomekekanga kuqeqesho loku, kodwa kunxulunyaniswa nezinto ezisemgangathweni eziziswa ngazo iziphumo zomsebenzi; Endaweni yoko, imele intetho kwimali yenxalenye yengeniso yesizwe ehambelana nabasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi benkampani okanye yeshishini ukuze ikhusele iimfuno zokuzisebenzisa; Njengoko kwakugqityiwe ngaphambili, le ngeniso yesizwe ihanjiswa ngokomgangatho womsebenzi, kodwa kunye nobungakanani bayo. Ngokwakhiwo lwe ukuveliswa kwenkqubo yontlalontle ukuqhubela phambili, umvuzo wokwenene uhlala unyuka. Impikiswano kukuba umvuzo wokwenene usekwe kwimveliso yezabasebenzi kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Abasebenzi boluntu lwentlalontle banoncedo olufunekayo kumvuzo, isongezelelo esisekwe kwingxowa mali yokusetyenziswa koluntu, ephakamisa umvuzo wenene wabasebenzi boluntu lobusoshiyali ngesinye kwisithathu.

Uthini umahluko phakathi komvuzo ophakathi kunye nomvuzo wenene?

Eyona ndlela esinokwahlula ngayo ukuze sikwazi ukutolika umahluko phakathi kwazo zombini ezi ntlobo zemivuzo, zilele kwindalo yazo. Ngelixa Umvuzo omncinci unokuchaphazela inani lamanani Sifumana malini, umvuzo wokwenene uya kugxila ngakumbi ekufumaneni iimveliso kwaye zingaphi esinokuzifumana. Nokuba icandelo (okanye amanani) inxenye inethuba lokutshintshiselana ngeemveliso ezingcono okanye ukutshintshiselana okungcono kwezinye iimali inento yokwenza nemigaqo-nkqubo yemali yommandla ngamnye. Yiyo loo nto, nangona umvuzo othe ngqo ungowona uchanekileyo nolona lula ukutolika, eneneni eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba singayenza kangakanani (owona mvuzo). Ukwenza oku, siza kubona umahluko ophambili phakathi komntu ngamnye kunye nendlela amaxabiso aphela ngayo ebachaphazela.

Amandla okuthenga, amandla okuthenga

Phakathi kwazo zonke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ngamandla okuthenga anawo umqeshwa. Oko kuhlala kulungelelanisa ixesha kunye nokunyakaza kwabasebenzi kwixabiso lentengo, eliguqulela koku kulandelayo:

1. Umvuzo ngegama: Inxalenye yamanani elawulayo. Iyonke imali efunyenweyo. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba sinokuninzi, kuba imali sisixhobo sokuthenga iimveliso. Ukuba ixabiso leemveliso liyenyuka kwaye umvuzo wethu ophantsi uphantsi, siya kuba nakho ukuthenga okuncinci. Kule meko, umvuzo omiselweyo lixabiso eliboniswe kumvuzo, umzekelo, i-1.300 ngenyanga.
2. Umvuzo wenene: Ingayinxalenye "ebonakalayo" yomvuzo omncinci, oko kukuthi, isixa semveliso esinokuyithenga. Umntu oye kwiminyaka eli-15 eyadlulayo wafumana i- € 1.300 kwaye umzekelo uqhubeka nokufumana i-1.300 yeerandi namhlanje, umvuzo wakhe wokumisela ngekhe unyuke okanye wehle. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye neendleko zokuphila ngeza kunyuka, ke nge-1.300 yee- € namhlanje ndingathenga izinto ezingaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-15 eyadlulayo.

Ukuchaneka ngakumbi, kule minyaka ili-15 idlulileyo umyinge wokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwi-Euro zone uyi-1%. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwiminyaka eli-15 iindleko zokuphila zikhuphuke ngama-26%. Ukuba umntu wayefumene i- € 1.300 kwiminyaka eli-15 eyadlulayo, ngeendleko ze- € 1.000, ngebabegcine i-300 euros ngenyanga. Owona mvuzo wakhe wamnika islack. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umvuzo wakhe ugcinwe, namhlanje kwa iindleko zokuphila zinokumxabisa i-1.260, ngenxa yoko wayenokugcina kuphela i-40 euros ngenyanga Umvuzo wakho wokwenene kule meko ungangqinelana kakhulu.

Imivuzo yomibini kufuneka inyuke njani

Okokugqibela kodwa kungaphelelanga apho, kukuqonda imivuzo yethu kufuneka iphucuke kangakanani ukuze sigcine umgangatho wethu wokuphila. Ngenxa yenyani yokuba owona mvuzo ngowona sichaza ngawo ukufunyanwa kweemveliso, nokuba yeyiphi na imali esetyenzisiweyo kumvuzo wethu, injongo yethu ihlala ikukuyigcina okanye ukuyonyusa. Ukufumanisa ukuba amandla ethu okuthenga aphuculwe, makhe sijonge kwixabiso lentengo.

Ukugcina amandla afanayo okuthenga, oko kukuthi, umvuzo wangempela, umvuzo wethu omele ukwenze kufanele ukwanda ngokuhambelana nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunyuke nge-2%, umvuzo wethu kufuneka unyuke nge-2%. Ngale ndlela, owona mvuzo uqinisekileyo unokugcinwa.

Ukunyuswa komvuzo omncinci ngaphezulu kokunyuka kwamaxabiso kungakhokelela kumvuzo wokwenyani ongcono kuba amandla ethu okuthenga aya kunyuka. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunyaka omnye kuku-2%, ukuba nje umvuzo wethu unyuka nge-2% okanye nangaphezulu, singaphucula amandla ethu okuthenga.

Ukuze yenzeke loo nto, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba xa sithetha nge-2% yokunyuka komvuzo, kufuneka sijonge umvuzo opheleleyo. Umvuzo opheleleyo unokunyuka kumgca ofanayo nexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, nge-2%. Nangona kunjalo, olu nyuso alunakubonwa kumvuzo opheleleyo ukuba ukuncitshiswa okwenziwe kwimivuzo kuyonyuka xa kungena isibiyeli serhafu eyahlukileyo.

Ukuqukunjelwa komvuzo ophantsi kunye nomvuzo wenene

Ukuqukumbela, sinokuthi umvuzo omncinane ngumvuzo ofunyanwa ngumqeshwa ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe; kwelinye icala, yintoni echazwa njenge umvuzo wokwenene usondele ngakumbi kwiindleko zeemveliso kunye neenkonzo ezifunekayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno.

Ngokwemo yezoqoqosho, umvuzo wokwenene ubonakalisa into onokuyithenga, nokuba amandla okuthenga omsebenzi xa efumana umvuzo wakhe; Kubonakalisiwe ukuba olu hlobo lomvuzo luye lwachaphazeleka kukunyuka kwamaxabiso, oko kukuthi, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ngenxa yezinto ezingalawulekiyo.
Ukuwuqonda ngcono umahluko phakathi kwenye nenye, into yokuqala ekufuneka siyenzile kukuzichaza ngokungqongqo. Igama lomvuzo lixabiso lemali umqeshwa alifumanayo, ngelixa owona mvuzo uhambelana namaxabiso eemveliso kunye neenkonzo.

Umahluko ophambili kwaye ubaluleke kakhulu kukuba umvuzo ongezelelweyo unokunyuswa ngaphandle kokunyusa intlalontle yawoOku kuthetha ukuba amaxabiso emveliso kunye neenkonzo anganyuka ngaphezulu okanye ngomlinganiselo ofanayo nomvuzo omiselweyo. Ngenxa yoku, ngowona mvuzo wokwenyani obonelela ngendlela efanelekileyo ngakumbi ukuba umvuzo ufanele ntoni, Oko kukuthi, unokuthenga umsebenzi ngomvuzo wakhe.

Xa zonke izinto zihlangana ukuze i Ukunyuswa kwemivuzo yokwenyani kuthathwa njengeendaba ezilungileyoKulungile kuba oko kuthetha ukuba umsebenzi unokufumana iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezanelisa iimfuno zabo; kwelinye icala, ukuba iyawa oko kuthetha ukuba banamandla okuthenga angaphantsi, kwaye ke amandla abo okwanelisa iimfuno zabo ayancipha.

Ngaba unawo amathandabuzo malunga nokuba yintoni umvuzo osisiseko? Sikuxelela:

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga nomvuzo osisiseko