Ukuchasana ngokuchasene nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kuya kuba. Eli nqaku liza kuzama ukucacisa ukuba lithetha ngantoni, kutheni likho, izibonelelo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga ze-deflation. Ngokuchasene ne-antonym yayo esiqhelene nayo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso. Ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuye kwenyuka ngamaxabiso, Ukuhla kwexabiso kukuhla ngokubanzi kwamaxabiso. Nangona kunjalo, kutheni ngamanye amaxesha isenzeka ngamanye amaxesha, ngamanye amaxesha yenzekile, kwaye kutheni isenzeka ngokomzekelo kumaxesha anamhlanje?
Ngaba ikhona indlela yokufumana isibonelelo kuyo? Inyani yile yokuba yenzeka ngezihlandlo ezithile, ayisiyonto iqhelekileyo kwaye ayisoloko iqikelela ikamva eliqaqambileyo Ukuthetha ngokwezoqoqosho. Ihlala ifika xa ubonelelo lungaphezulu kwemfuno, Oko kukuthi, xa ukutya kusifa. Le mveliso igqithileyo kwiimpahla okanye kwiimveliso ihamba kunye nokwehla kwamaxabiso ngokubanzi, kwaye kulapho i-deflation iqala khona, ngakumbi ukuba oku kwehla kwenzeka kumacandelo amaninzi ahlukeneyo.
Yintoni deflation?
Ukuchasana kukwaziwa njengokunyuka kwexabiso okwaziwayo. Ngokwesiqhelo ifakwe kwimeko yonikezelo olugqithisileyo "inyanzelisa" ukuba iphele ikwehlisa amaxabiso ezinto ezinokuthengwa. Oku kugqithisela ngaphezulu kunokubekwa kwimeko yokungakwazi ukufumana iimpahla ngabantu, okanye kukusilela kwenkuthazo kunye / okanye inkuthazo yokuzifumana. Ihlala inxulunyaniswa neengxaki zoqoqosho, kwaye imizekelo elungileyo yoku ingangukuDodobala Okukhulu okwaqhubeka ngee-1930s okanye kwiNgxakeko yezeziMali ka-2008. indlela yokuphelisa ukwehlisa amaxabiso ukuze kuncitshiswe imida yenzuzo.
Iziphumo eluntwini zihlala zichaphazela amanqaku afana nokuhanjiswa kobutyebi kunye nokungalingani kwezentlalo. Le nto ihlala ivela kwinto yokuba ababolekisi baxhamla ngaphezulu kunabantu abanamatyala, ekufuneka uxanduva lwabo luqhubeke nokuhlawula.
Oonobangela, njengoko sele sibonile, bahlala bebabini, ukugqithisa kunikezelo okanye ukunqongophala kwemfuno. Inezinto ezimbalwa eziluncedo, kunye nezinto ezimbalwa ezingalunganga, esiza kubona ngezantsi.
Inzuzo
Ooqoqosho kwisikolo saseOstriya bathi ukungangqinelani kunefuthe elifanelekileyo. Uncedo kuphela olunokufunyanwa ngoku kukuba njengoko amaxabiso esihla, amandla okuthenga abathengi aya kunyuka, ngakumbi abo banemali. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yokucinga ye-heterodox nayo icinga ukuba ukusilela kubangela ingxaki kuqoqosho okwethutyana.
Iingxaki
Ukuhla kwezinto kuqulethe uluhlu olubanzi lweziphumo ezibi kuqoqosho esiza kubona ngezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphaya kwazo zonke iinyani kunye neziganeko ezibangelwe yiyo, umngcipheko wokuchasana nokulala uhleli lula ekuweleni kwisangqa esikhohlakeleyo kwaye kunzima kangakanani ukuphuma kuso.
- Umsebenzi wezoqoqosho uyancitshiswa.
- Ibango liyancitshiswa, ngenxa yokubonelela ngokugqithisileyo okanye amandla okuthenga. Iimveliso ezingaphezulu kunokuba ziyimfuneko empilweni.
- Ukuncitshiswa kwimida yenzuzo kwiinkampani.
- Ichaphazela ukungabikho kwemisebenzi xa iphela ikhula.
- Ukungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho kufikelela kumanqanaba aphezulu.
- Yenza ukonyuka kwexabiso lenzala yokwenyani.
Uyabona ukuba kunzima kangakanani ukuyeka lo mjikelo unzima. Ukuba imfuno iyancitshiswa, kwaye imida iyawa, intswela-ngqesho iphela inyuka. Kwelinye icala, ukuba intswela-ngqesho inyuka, ibango linako kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo liza kuqhubeka ukwehla.
Imizekelo yokuphambuka kwimbali
Sibonile ukuba ukungangqinelani kwenzeka njani emva kweengxaki ezinzima ezazifumene ngoo-1930 kunye nengxaki yemali ngo-2008. Nangona kunjalo, nangona ibe yinto engaqhelekanga kwaye engaqhelekanga kuyo yonke le nkulungwane idlulileyo singafumana imizekelo yamazwe athe ahlupheka kuyo.
'Ukunyanzeliswa kweJapan' kuqoqosho ngamanye amaxesha kubhekiswa kuko kuchaza indlela abasabela ngayo i-ECB kumazinga enzala asezantsi ngokulinganisa indlela yokuziphatha kweBhanki eNkulu yaseJapan. Eli xesha lokuma kumazinga enzala asezantsi likhatshwe kukuhla kwexabiso eliqale ngoo-90 kwaye lisaqhubeka nanamhlanje. Ukwehla kwamaxabiso aqokelelweyo sele -25%.
Ngengxaki yangoku, i-specter ye-deflation isondela ngakumbi nangakumbi kwaye kukuba ukubonakala kwayo kwakusoyikwa ngaphambili. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, amazwe athuthukileyo ebesoloko ehlisa inzala yabo, kwaye siye sakwazi ukubona iibhondi ezinamazinga amabi ngakumbi nangakumbi, imeko yesiqhelo ebikade ingenakucingwa. Umzekelo, unyaka ngaphambi kokuba le ngxaki inzima yempilo iqale, NgoFebruwari 2019, amazwe angama-37 aphuhlileyo sele ehlisa inzala. Deflation yingozi yokwenene ekunzima ukuyisombulula kwaye inkuthazo yokuyithintela yomelele kakhulu.
Iziphumo zoqoqosho lwaseSpain
Ukuchasana kwimeko yaseSpain kunefuthe elibi nangakumbi. Ngapha koko, kule nyanga kaJulayi, i-CPI yayi -0% kunjalo ireyithi yangaphakathi iya kuhlala kwi -0%, kodwa uAgasti ukhatshwe kukwanda nge-0% ukubeka ireyithi yangaphakathi ngo -1%. Zithini iziphumo zokuchasana kuqoqosho lwaseSpain? Ukuhla kwexesha elide kunye nokusasazeka kwexabiso kunokunika amandla amakhulu okuthenga kubathengi. Nangona kunjalo, imida yenzuzo yeenkampani iyancitshiswa.
Ukuba iindleko zabasebenzi zigcinwa kwaye ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kukhulu kakhulu, njengoko kunjalo eSpain, i-cocktail eqhumayo iyingozi kakhulu, kuba zizinto ezimbini ezondlayo. Kwelinye icala, iinkampani ziyanyanzeliswa ukuba zinciphise imida yenzuzo yazo ukuze zihlale zikhuphisana. Oku kubathintela ekuphumezeni izibonelelo ezinqwenelekayo zeshishini, kunye nokuba nemali yokwenza imali. Oku kungakhokelela kwimivuzo yabasebenzi ukuba ibethwe okanye isuswe, ukuntywila kokutya ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali. Ukuba oku kongezwe kukunqongophala kolondolozo kwikhaya ngalinye, kunokwenzeka ukuba uxinzelelo oluqatha lokusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi kweli lunokuba mandundu. Ngokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe ukuwa kunye nokunyuka kwetyala loluntu ekuvukeni kwentlekele, ukubonwa kokuchasana kunokuba neminyaka yebhonanza ngaphambili.
Inokwenza kakhulu nento eyenzekayo emhlabeni kunye nendlela le ngxaki isemfihlakalweni, ngakumbi ngoku, kunye nolu tshintsho lutsha losulelo.