Kwenzeka ntoni xa amazinga enzala enyuka? Phantse bonke abantu bayazi ukuba i-mortgages iya kuchaphazeleka, yinto abangayeki ukuphindaphinda kwiindlela zolwazi. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba imali yokubambisa iya kuba yindleko ephezulu, iimpembelelo kuqoqosho lonke nazo. Inecala layo elincomekayo, kunye nelakho elibi.
Kwinqaku elilandelayo, iinkxalabo ezifunwa kakhulu ezinxulumene nenzala kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo imarike yezindlu ziya kuqhathaniswa. Siza kubona kwakhona ukuba iibhondi zifumana njani amandla kwakhona kwaye zizibeke njengenye indlela yokwenza inzuzo, zisuse ukukhanya kwizindlu.
Icandelo lezindlu nomhlaba kunye nenzala ekhulayo
Ukusukela phakathi ku-2020, umkhwa oqhelekileyo wokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezindlu ubonwe kuwo onke amazwe. Oku kwakungenxa yemfuduko "yobuninzi" (ubuncinci abo banako) yabantu abashiya isixeko bekhangela amakhaya angazolileyo okanye abanzi. Ingaba yayizizindlu ezinamathafa, iindawo eziphangaleleyo, ezisemaphandleni, njl.
Oku kuchuma yinto esayifumana eSpeyin, kodwa inyaniso kukuba amazwe amaninzi abona amaxabiso ezindlu zawo enyuka ngomkhamo omkhulu. Okwangoku, apho imali yokubambisa ibiza kakhulu, yeyiphi intelekelelo ekhoyo?
Izindlu eSpain
ESpain, izindlu aziyekanga ukunyuka kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo. Ukubuyiswa kwe-real estate kuchazwa ngezizathu ezikhankanywe ngasentla kunye nokuba icandelo aligxininisi njengakwamanye amazwe. Enye inkuthazo, njengoko yenzekile nakwezinye iindawo, ibiyinkxaso-mali ephantsi ngenxa yamazinga enzala aphantsi ngokwembali. Nangona oku kulula ukuthenga kuye kwanxulunyaniswa nexabiso eliphezulu lezindlu, akukhange kukhathaze kangako kwiintsapho ezininzi ngenxa yokuba irenti ichaphazele ukonyuka okucacayo. Oku kukhokelele ekubeni imali yokubambisa ingabizi kakhulu kuneentlawulo zerenti.
Abo batyali-mali baye bafumanisa inkuthazo abathi, kude nenzala ye-derisory yokuba iibhondi ziye zakwazi ukuhlawula kwaye kude nokukwazi ukwenza ukugcinwa kwenzuzo ngendlela elindelekileyo okanye ekulindelekileyo, babone kwisitena indlela yokukwazi zenze zibe yinzuzo. Ukongeza, izindlu zikwathathwa njenge-asethi yokusabela, wonke umntu ufuna uphahla. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokunyuka okuqhubekayo kwe-Euribor kwiinyanga zakutshanje, izindlu zibonakala ziqala ukubonisa iimpawu zokuba iqala ukucotha isantya ebisigcinile.
Izindlu kwamanye amazwe
Emva kwentlekele eyaqhambuka ngo-2008, iSpain yaphuma kakubi kakhulu. Noko ke, akuzange kwenzeke okufanayo nakwamanye amazwe. Kuninzi lwabo, bengawahoyanga amandla akhohlakeleyo ekunokugqabhuka ngawo iqamza lezindlu, babone amaxabiso ezindlu enyuka ukuya kumazinga aphezulu kakhulu. Ngokuchanekileyo kwezi ndawo zifanayo, emva kokunyuka kwamaxabiso enzala, imarike yendawo yokuhlala sele ihlupheke kwaye amaxesha amnandi awabonwa kwangaphambili.
Imizekelo yazo yeminye ekuhla kwexabiso layo kumanani aphindwe kabini:
- Nyu Zilend. IBhanki yayo Ephakathi inyuse amaxabiso e-7 kwiinyanga ezili-10 ezidlulileyo. Izindlu zehle nge-11% kwaye kulindeleke ukuwa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20%.
- Pholend. Uninzi lwababoleki-mali lubone izavenge zabo zenyanga ziphindwe kabini njengoko imilinganiselo inyukile. Urhulumente ungenelele ekuqaleni konyaka ukuze iiPoles zimise iintlawulo ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezisi-8. Lo mlinganiselo uchaphazele ingeniso yeebhanki eziphambili zelizwe.
Ukongeza, sifumana amazwe amaninzi amaxabiso awo sele eqalile ukuhla, anje ngeOstreliya, iJamani, iGreat Britain, iCanada... iplanethi yonke. Into efana ne-USA, neziphumo zayo eziye zabonwa, ukuthengiswa kwezindlu ezintsha kwehlile, kwaye iziphumo kuqoqosho lwayo zihlala zivakala kwihlabathi liphela.
Amathuba otyalo-mali ngokunyuka kwenzala?
Ithemba lecandelo lezindlu nomhlaba ngoku libi kakhulu, into ethe kunyaka o-1 odlulileyo yayichasene noko. I-paradox kule meko kukuba abo bathenga i-1 kunyaka odlulileyo ngoku bafumene kwindawo enobutshaba kakhulu. Utyalo-mali luthwala imingcipheko, kodwa abatyali-mali abaninzi abalindele iziganeko baqala ukuhlenga izikhundla zabo malunga neenkampani ezikwicandelo lezindlu. Phantse bonke baye bachaphazeleka.
Eyona inkulu kubo bonke, ithathwa njengoyena "umnini-mhlaba" omkhulu eYurophu yiVonovia, izabelo zayo ziye zawa malunga ne-1% kwi-50 unyaka. Kumaxabiso emarike angoku, ipotifoliyo yakho ixatyiswe kakhulu kunemalike yemalike, kubandakanywa netyala lakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba oku kuhla kwexabiso kuyaqhubeka, ixabiso layo eliseleyo liya kuba semngciphekweni ngakumbi njengoko imarike sele isaphulelo.
Kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba, njengoko kwenzeka kwintlekele yangaphambili ye-real estate, xa abatyali-mali belindele ukuba icandelo liza kubuyiselwa, izabelo zeenkampani ze-real estate okanye i-REIT ziya kuvuka ngaphambi kokuba izindlu ngokwazo. Umbuzo kuphela esiya kusala nawo kukuba ngaba izitokhwe sele zibonise i-bottom, ukusondela kuyo, okanye ukuba ukuhla kuya kuqhubeka. Ngokunjalo, abo banethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo lokukwazi ukuthenga izitokhwe ze-REIT kufutshane ne-lows yabo, njengoko bekuthande ukwenzeka, baya kuba ngabo baya kuthi kamva banandiphe inzuzo engcono yemali.
Iibhondi vs zeZindlu
Kwaye ekugqibeleni, enye ukuphoxeka kwimarike yezindlu inethamsanqa layo kwimarike yengeniso esisigxina. Njengoko izinga lenzala liyenyuka, iibhondi ngoku zibonelela ngezivuno ezingcono. Ukuxabisa ukuba kunenzuzo ngakumbi, kwaye kukhululekile, njengoko iibhondi zinyuka kwaye zisondela kwizivuno ze-real estate, zibonakala ziqala ukubuyisela ukukhanya abatyali-mali abaninzi abasele becinga ukuba balahlekile.
I-Spanish 10-year bond isondele kwi-3%, i-US 3% okanye i-German 5%. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso okuthe gqolo kwandulela ukudodobala koqoqosho, kodwa ngeli xesha bekufuneka kwenziwe ngomoya wokuthomalalisa ukuhla kwamandla emali. Nangona ivela ekunyukeni kwezinto eziluhlaza, loo mazinga aphantsi kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwi-1% kusengumgaqo-mali wemali ovuselela ikhredithi kunye nokusetyenziswa. Into yokuphepha, ukuba nje amaxabiso enyuka ngaphezu kokuba sele enyuka.
