Rhoqo kwenzeka ukuba kwimithetho emininzi, amanani kunye neemfuno asicacanga kwaphela malunga nezinye iikhonsepthi okanye ukusebenza kwezinto ezinokwenzeka. Inokuba njalo imeko yesibonelelo sokungabikho kwemisebenzi. Luyintoni uncedo lwenxaso? Ngaba ndinelungelo lokwenza oko? Ibalwa njani?
Ngokwenyani, xa sibhekisa kwisibonelelo sokungabikho kwemisebenzi, sithetha ngokuqokelela intswela-ngqesho. Kweli nqaku siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni kanye kanye, inikwa bani, ibalwa njani kwaye yintoni umahluko okhoyo kunye nentswela-ngqesho. Ndikucebisa ukuba uqhubeke ufunda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngesihloko.
Yintoni isibonelelo sokungabikho kwemisebenzi?
Xa sithetha ngesibonelelo esinegalelo, sibhekisa kweso sibonelelo sifunyanwa ngumntu emva kokuba ebenegalelo njengomsebenzi ixesha elincinci kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo. IpheUkuze ukwazi ukufikelela kuyo, ubudlelwane bengqesho phakathi komntu ochaphazelekayo kunye nenkampani kufuneka bufikelele esiphelweni. Ke ngoko, ukuba sifuna ukuqokelela isibonelelo esinegalelo, esikwabizwa ngokuba kukungabikho kwemisebenzi, kufuneka sikhutshwe kuKhuseleko lweNtlalo njengomsebenzi osebenzayo.
Isibonelelo sokungabikho kwemisebenzi inikwa kuphela abo bahlangabezana neemfuno ezithile Siza kudwelisa apha ngezantsi:
- Ukuzifumana ukwimeko yentswela-ngqesho kwezomthetho
- Ukhe wacaphula ubuncinci bexesha Khuseleko Loluntu.
- Kuthathwe ixesha le ubuncinci iinyanga ezingama-12 kwiminyaka emi-6 phambi kokungaphangeli ngokusemthethweni.
- Ndingekafiki kwiminyaka yobudala yomhlala phantsi.
- Ukuphelisa ubudlelwane bengqesho ngokupheliswa kwesivumelwano, i-ERE okanye ngokugxothwa.
Njengoko besesitshilo kwelinye lala manqaku angaphambili, ukuze sikulungele ukufumana isibonelelo sokungabikho kwemisebenzi kufuneka ukuba sibe negalelo kuKhuseleko lwezeNtlalo ixesha elincinci lonyaka omnye, oko kukuthi, kanye iintsuku ezingama-360. Ngeli xesha sineenyanga ezine zokuxhamla, Ndithetha iintsuku ezili-120. Ukusuka kulo mzuzu siyakufumana ukungabikho kwemisebenzi iinyanga ezimbini ezingaphezulu kuzo zonke iinyanga ezintandathu ezongezelelweyo zemirhumo, de sifike kumda omiselweyo weenyanga ezingama-24. Oku kungqinelana nexesha elicatshuliweyo ubuncinci iinyanga ezintandathu.
Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwenzuzo enegalelo kunye nentswela-ngqesho?
Rhoqo, amagama athi "igalelo lesibonelelo" kunye "nentswela-ngqesho" ayabhideka. Ngoku ekubeni sisazi ukuba yintoni ibhenefithi enegalelo, siza kuchaza ukuba yintoni intsingiselo yentswela-ngqesho kwaye ke ngoku sigqibe ukubona umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
Aluncedo olungenagalelo kunye noncedo lwendalo. Yenzelwe abo bangenamali yaneleyo. La ngamatyala anokukhetha ukufumana izibonelelo zokungaqeshwa:
- Abantu abathi musa ukufikelela kwelona xabiso lisezantsi ukufumana isibonelelo esivakalayo.
- Abantu abasele belusebenzise ngokupheleleyo uncedo lwabo kwaye abakafumani msebenzi.
- Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-55 abangasebenziyo.
- Abafuduki babuyela eSpain, Logama nje amazwe abo engenazo izivumelwano zamazwe amabini malunga nentswela-ngqesho.
- Kukhululwa amabanjwa asebenze isigwebo seenyanga ezintandathu ubuncinci.
- Abantu abakhubazekileyo ukuya kwinqanaba lokukhubazeka ngokusisigxina ngenxa yomsebenzi oqhelekileyo, emva kokukhubazeka ngokusisigxina.
Kuxhomekeke kwimeko, ezi mfuno mazifezekiswe:
- Ngabantu abaxhomekeke kuwe, elona xesha liphantsi lokufaka ligalelo ziinyanga ezintathu.
- Ngaphandle kwabaxhomekeke kuwe, elona xabiso lisezantsi zinyanga ezintandathu.
- Ingeniso mayingagqithi kwi-75% yomvuzo wangoku.
Uhlawuliswa malini kule nkxaso-mali?
Inani lezibonelelo zokungaqeshwa libalwa ngokusekwe kwi-80% ye-IPREM (Iziphumo ezininzi zoMvuzo woMntu). Nangona kunjalo, oku kungonyuswa ukuba sinabantu abangaphezulu kwesithathu abasijongileyo kwaye bangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala.
Kodwa siya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani siqokelela isibonelelo sokungabikho kwemisebenzi? Ubude bayo kuxhomekeke kwinani leenyanga esizicaphuleyo. Kwimeko apho sinabantwana abaxhomekeke kuwe, elona xabiso lisezantsi liinyanga ezintathu. Kwezi nyanga zintathu siza kuqokelela isibonelelo sokungaphangeli iinyanga ezine okanye ezintlanu. Ukuba asinabo abantwana abaxhomekeke kuwe, elona xabiso lisezantsi liinyanga ezintandathu kwaye siyakuqokelela isibonelelo kangangeenyanga ezintandathu, nokuba senze igalelo elingaphezulu.
Ibiza malini intlawulo?
Ukwazi ukuba ubiza malini kwisibonelelo esinegalelo, kufuneka kuqala sazi isiseko solawulo. Ngumndilili wazo zonke iziseko zokufaka intswela-ngqesho kwiintsuku ezili-180 ezidlulileyo phambi kwemeko yentswela-ngqesho esemthethweni, Oko kukuthi, ngalo mzuzu apho uxanduva lokucaphula lwaphela. Iintsuku ezingama-180 ezidlulileyo zihlala zibalwa njengekhalenda kwaye zilandelwa ngokulandelelana. Akukho sithuba sokubandakanya abazali.
Xa kubalwa isiseko sokulawula ukungaphangeli, umyinge wemivuzo yabasebenzi kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo uthathelwa ingqalelo. Ixesha elingaphezulu alifakwanga kolu balo. Ke ngoko, okukhona umvuzo, kokukhona isiseko segalelo siya kuba siphezulu. Oku, kukonyusa isiseko sokumisela inzuzo.
Nje ukuba simisele isiseko sokulawula ngokomndilili womvuzo okhoyo, lixesha lokuba sifake i-70% ngeentsuku zokuqala ezili-180 zesibonelelo esixhasayo ukuze kufumaneke isixa onelungelo kuso. Emva kweli xesha lokuqala, inani lesibonelelo liyancipha. Ukuqala ngomhla we-181, i-50% isetyenziselwa isiseko sokumisela ukumisela isixa esiza kufunyanwa.
Kwakhona, Zimbini iintlobo zokutsalwa okusebenzayo Kwisixa-mali esipheleleyo esihambelana nesibonelelo esixhaswayo:
- Igalelo loKhuseleko lweNtlalo: iipesenti ezi-4,7 zesiseko solawulo. Esi sisiseko somndilili weenyanga ezintandathu zokugqibela ezingxamisekileyo.
- Ukubamba irhafu yomntu, ukuba kufanelekile.
Umntwana oxhomekeke kuye
Umxholo "womntwana oxhomekeke kuye" ubaluleke kakhulu xa kufikwa ekufumaneni izibonelelo zokungaqeshwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba imida yezoqoqosho, zombini ubuninzi kunye nobuncinci, malunga nezibonelelo baxhomekeke ikakhulu kuxanduva losapho lwabantu ekuthethwa ngabo. Kodwa kuthetha ntoni ngomntwana oxhomekeke kuye? Oku kulandelayo kuwela kolu luhlu:
- Oonyana okanye iintombi ezingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-26 ubudala.
- Oonyana okanye iintombi ezingaphezulu kweminyaka engama-26 ubudala ezinokukhubazeka okungaphezulu kwe-33%.
Ukongeza, kuyimfuneko ukubonisa ukuxhomekeka kwabo kuqoqosho. Oonyana okanye iintombi kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ekuphatheni, Akufuneki babenengeniso elinganayo okanye engaphezulu kwe-100% yomvuzo ophantsi wobungcali (SMI), Ngaphandle kokuhlala nomntu onomdla wokuqokelela isibonelelo esinegalelo.
Ngokudibana nokuhlala kunye, ukuhlawulwa kwepenshini kufakwe ngokuhambelana nokutya, Nokuba abantwana bahlala nomnye umzali. Kwezi meko uluvo lomntwana lwandiselwa nakwabo batshate nabo. Ngamanye amaxesha, iinkedama zabo bobabini abazali zinokwamkelwa njengabantwana abaxhomekekileyo ukuba nje baxhomekeke kubaxhamli.
Elona nani liphezulu kunye nelona lisezantsi lomvuzo wenzuzo
Xa sele sibalile isixa esihambelana nesibonelelo sokungabikho kwemisebenzi, kuya kufuneka sixhomekeke kwimilinganiselo ephezulu kunye neyona isezantsi exhomekeke kwiimeko zosapho zabafaki-zicelo. Injongo yezi cap kukuba isixa sesi sibonelelo siyafana kwimivuzo ephakathi kunye nephezulu.
Kubantu abangenabo abantwana abaxhomekeke kubo, owona mda uphezulu wesibonelelo esixhaswayo uhambelana ne-175% ngenyanga Isalathiso sikawonke-wonke seNgeniso yeZiphumo eziNinzi (i-IPREM) inyuswe ngesinye kwisithandathu, esixabisa kwi- € 2020 ngo-537,84. Ngale ndlela, iziphumo ziyahambelana ne- € 1.098,09 kwi-2020.
Endaweni yokuba, abafaki-zicelo abanabantwana abaxhomekeke kubo banenye ikepusi ephezulu. Oku kungqinelana ne-200% ngenyanga ye-Public Multiple Effects Income Indicator (IPREM) inyuswe ngesithandathu ukuba ngumntwana ongatshatanga, onokulingana ne- € 1.254,96 ngo-2020. Kwimeko yokuba nabantwana ababini nangaphezulu, ikepusi inyuswe yaya kwi-225% ngenyanga Isalathi sikawonke-wonke seNgeniso yeZiphumo eziNinzi (i-IPREM) inyuswe ngesinye kwisithandathu. Ityala lokugqibela liya kungqinelana ne-1.411,83 iyonke kwi-2020.
Ukuthintela abanye abantu ekubeni bafumane izibonelelo ezihlwempuzeke kakhulu, kukwakho neekepusi ezincinci. Kwezi meko, isixa esincinci esigqibeleleyo asixhomekeki kubungakanani bemirhumo yomenzi-sicelo. Ngale ndlela, abaxhamli abangenabo abantwana abaxhomekeke kubo bafumana ubuncinci i-80% ngenyanga yesiKhombisi sikaRhulumente soMvuzo weZiphumo eziNinzi (IPREM) esonyuswe ngomnye wesithandathu. Ngo-2020, inani laliyi- € 501,98. Ukuba umfaki-sicelo unabo abantwana abaxhomekeke kuye, baya kufumana i-107% ngenyanga ye-Public Multiple Effects Income Indicator (IPREM) inyuswe ngesinye kwisithandathu, okukhokelela kwi- € 671,40 ngo-2020.