Emva kohlengahlengiso lwamva nje olwenziwe ngurhulumente wangoku, iminyaka apho unokuthatha umhlala-phantsi itshintshile kancinane. Ngayiphi na imeko, ngumba ofuna ukucaciswa kuba kukho amathandabuzo amaninzi avela phakathi kwabantu abacinga ngako yeka ubomi bakho bomsebenzi. Kungenxa yokuba kwelinye icala, ayifani nokuthatha umhlala phantsi ngokunyanzelwa okanye abo balindelweyo. Kananjalo, awuyi kuhlala uhlawulisa ngokufanayo ipenshoni Kwityala ngalinye, njengoko uza kuba nakho ukuqinisekisa ukusuka ngoku ukuya phambili. Nokuba yeyiphi na, ngumba oxhalabisa wonke umntu kuba kungekudala ngumzuzu oya kufikelela kubo bonke abasebenzi.
Ukusuka kule ndlela yokuqala, kulula ukuba wazi ukuba ushiyeke nexesha elingakanani ukonwabela iminyaka yegolide ngepenshini ehambelana nayo. Kungenxa yokuba ukuba ufuna ukufikelela kumhlala-phantsi kwangaphambi kwexesha, ngekhe ukwazi ukuwenza ube semthethweni phambi kuka 63 iminyaka kunye neenyanga ezine. Nangona imfuno kukuba negalelo ubuncinci beminyaka engama-35, kwaye ubuncinci isibini sayo kule minyaka ilishumi elinesihlanu idlulileyo ngaphambi komhlala phantsi. Ukuba le ibiyimeko yakho ekhethekileyo, uya kuba kwimeko yokufikelela kweli nqanaba lobomi bakho ngaphambili.
Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kuya kufuneka ucace gca ukususela ngoku ukuya phambili ukuba iminyaka yobudala yomhlala-phantsi yiminyaka engama-65, kodwa kukho iimeko apho ingangaphezulu, njengoko siza kuchaza. Ngayiphi na imeko, lo mthetho usebenza kubantu abasebenza okwangoku. Kuba ngokuqinisekileyo lukhona utshintsho kule minyaka izayo. Ngale ndlela, ngo-2027 ubudala beminyaka yomhlalaphantsi iya kubekwa kwiminyaka engama-67 kwabo banikele ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-38 neenyanga ezi-6. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, iyakulibaziseka ubuncinci iminyaka emibini. Ngayo, uya kuba nexesha elide lokusebenza kunangaphambili.
Khetha ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwangethuba
Olu khetho lungenxa yesizathu esingaphaya kolawulo lwakho okanye njengesiphumo sesigqibo sakho. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, unokuthatha umhlalaphantsi emsebenzini ngaphambi kokufikelela kwiminyaka engama-65 (okanye i-67, ukuba uneminyaka yakho). Nokuba kutheni uthatha umhlala-phantsi kwangethuba, kufuneka unikezele ngothotho lweemfuno zale modeli ukuze icace kwaye ungonwabela ipenshoni yakho. Ngokuqinisekile ukuba ucinga ngoku ukuba bazokufuna ntoni kuwe ukuze le meko izalisekiswe ngokuchanekileyo. Ngaba uyafuna ukubazi? Ewe, nika ingqalelo encinci kwimeko apho kuya kufuneka ukhethe le modality xa uthatha umhlalaphantsi.
- Unayo ubuninzi ngaphantsi kweminyaka emine ubudala obuqhelekileyo bokuthatha umhlalaphantsi.
- Awunakukhetha ngaphandle kokuba ube negalelo kubomi bakho obusebenzayo ixesha eliyiminyaka engama-33 ubuncinci.
- Kuba ubhaliswe kwiofisi yengqesho njengommangali, kwixesha elidlulileyo ubuncinane leenyanga ezi-6 ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi ngaphambi kwexesha.
Ukuba uyazifezekisa ezi mfuno zintathu, ndiyavuyisana nawe, kuba uya kuba kwezona meko zilungileyo zokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwilizwe lomsebenzi. Ngomhlala phantsi lowo Kuya kuxhomekeka kwiminyaka edwelisiweyo ngembali yakho yengqesho. Ngokucacileyo, hayi kuzo zonke iimeko iya kuba sisixa esifanayo, njengoko kusengqiqweni ukuqonda. Kodwa yenye yeenjongo apho icandelo labasebenzi eSpain lijolise kulo. Kwezi meko, isixa esifunyenweyo sincitshisiwe yipesenti engumsebenzi wekota nganye ekulindeleke ukuba iminyaka yobudala yomhlala-phantsi kunye neminyaka yegalelo ilindelwe.
Uyithatha njani ipenshini?
Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba ukuqokelela ipenshoni eSpain kunyanzelekile ukuba unayo kuthengiswa ubuncinci iminyaka eli-15, ekufuneka ubuncinci zimbini kufuneka zibandakanywe kwangoko ngaphambi komhla wokuthatha umhlalaphantsi. Ukuba nangasiphi na isizathu awunakufikelela kule mihla ibekiweyo esemthethweni, awuzukukhetha ngaphandle kokukhetha ipenshini ekuthiwa ayiyoncedo. Imalunga noncedo lwentlalo kubantu abakule meko kwaye ivelisa isixa senyanga esimalunga nama-375 euros. Nangona oku kuya kufuneka uzalisekise olunye uthotho lweemfuno.
Enye into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuyivavanya yileya ebhekisa kwimodeli yokucaphula. Ukubala iminyaka yemirhumo, igalelo eliqhelekileyo loKhuseleko lweNtlalo kunye negalelo elenziwe ngu uziqeshile okanye ozisebenzelayo. Nangona ngokusengqiqweni isixa-mali oza kusifumana kweli nqanaba lobomi siya kwahluka. Akumangalisi ukuba, ngemodeli yesibini yegalelo ipenshoni iya kuba sezantsi ngokubanzi. Ingakumbi ukuba ukhetha isiseko esisezantsi senkxaso.
Ubudala bomhlala phantsi
Ngale ndlela, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba umthetho malunga nalo mbandela watshintsha ngo-2013, kwaye kunye neminyaka yokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, ukuya kuthi ga ngoku ixhomekeke kwiminyaka yemirhumo. Umzekelo, ngo-2017 ngubani osebenze ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-36 kunye neenyanga ezintathu ungathatha umhlala-phantsi xa uneminyaka engama-65. Nabani na owenze kancinci, kuyakufuneka alinde iminyaka engama-65 neenyanga ezintlanu. Njengoko uza kubona, kukho umahluko omkhulu kakhulu ukusuka kunyaka omnye kuye komnye. Kwaye ipenshoni iya kuxhomekeka ekuchitheni iminyaka yegolide.
Elinye ityala elahluke mpela kukuba ufuna ukuthatha umhlala-phantsi ngo-2018 uneminyaka engama-65 ubudala. Kule meko ikhethekileyo, awuzukukhetha ngaphandle kokuba usebenze ubuncinci iminyaka engama-36 kunye neenyanga ezi-6. Ukusilela oko, ubuncinci beminyaka ingqamana neminyaka engama-65 neenyanga ezi-6. Ngale ndlela, kwaye ngenxa yalo mgaqo mtsha, uya kuthi ulibaziseke ngokuthe chu de kube ngu-2027. Ukuze ibekwe kwiminyaka engama-67 ukuba nje ubenegalelo elingaphantsi kweminyaka engama-38 neenyanga ezi-6. Kodwa ukuba ngasiphi na isizathu unikele iminyaka engaphezulu, uya kuba nethuba lokushiya ubomi bakho bokusebenza ngolindelo oluthile. Oko kukuthi, iminyaka emibini phambi kokuba le nkqubo ibe semthethweni ineminyaka engama-65.
Ipenshini oza kuyithatha
Enye into ekufuneka uyivavanyile yile ibhekisa kwimali oza kuyithatha kwimali yepenshini ekhoyo ngoku eSpain. Ewe, ngale ngqiqo, umhlala-phantsi ofunyenwe ngabahlali baseSpain ungaphezulu nje kwe-900 euro ngenyanga, ngokweZiko leLizwe lezibalo (i-INE). Ikwabonisa ukuba umndilili wempesheni wale nkqubo, kwinxalenye yayo, ikwaqaphele ukonyuka okubonakalayo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, isuka kuma-679 ee-euro ngo-2007 ukuya kuma-926 ee-euro namhlanje. Ekusebenzeni kwayo emele ukuhlaziywa kwama-36,5% ngeli xesha.
Kwelinye icala, kufuneka kuthiwe ngoFebruwari 9.573.282 ipension yahlawulwa, Oko kwakuthetha ukuhlawulwa nguKhuseleko lweNtlalontle lwezigidi ezingama-8.925,1. Kwezi, uninzi luthathe umhlala-phantsi (5,9 yezigidi), lulandelwa ngumhlolokazi (1,5 yezigidi), ukukhubazeka isigxina (948.393), inkedama (338.644) kunye nokuxhasa izihlobo (41.093). Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ngoku kukho inani elipheleleyo labadla umhlala-phantsi abangama-8.699.056, okuthetha ukuba bangama-900.000 kubo abafumana ipenshini ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, ngokokugcinwa kweenkcukacha zoluntu.
Inkxaso yomhlala phantsi
Ukulwa nepenshini esezantsi abanayo abantu baseSpain, kwabasemagunyeni aphezulu kurhulumente kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqeshwe iimveliso zezemali ezinjongo zazo ziphambili kukuxhasa ipenshoni. Ukuze ngale ndlela, abathathe umhlala-phantsi bonyuse amandla abo okuthenga xa beshiya ubomi babo bokusebenza. Enye yezi modeli imelwe yi izicwangciso zomhlala phantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwayo kule minyaka idlulileyo kuye kwehla kakhulu. Ngomdla ophakathi we-3,50%. Ukwazi ukukhetha phakathi kwezicwangciso kwingeniso eguqukayo kunye nengqingqwa kwaye nanjengoko kutyalo-mali.
Enye yeemveliso ezenzelwe eli nqanaba likhethekileyo lobomi zezi Ukuguqula ukubambisa. Yimveliso ethile ye-atypical esekwe kwinto yokuba iinkampani zemali zikubonelela ngeniso esisigxina inyanga nenyanga njengokuqwalaselwa kwendlu yakho nomhlaba wakho. Ukuze ngale ndlela, ubekwimeko engcono yokuphucula umvuzo wakho kumhlalaphantsi wakho. Ukubuya, kuya kufuneka uhlangane neemfuno ezithile. Umzekelo, ukuba ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65, ukukhubazeka ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwengqondo okungenani ama-33% kunye nenyaniso yokuba indlu yeyakho yeyakho.
Kananjalo ngokusebenzisa imali yotyalo-mali ungayanelisa le minqweno, nangona kule meko ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa nayiphi na imbuyekezo kulondolozo. Ukuba akunjalo, ngokuchaseneyo, kuya kuxhomekeka kwiimeko zeemarike zezemali ezisekwe kuzo ezi mveliso zotyalo-mali. Esi sicwangciso sinokusetyenziswa kokubini kwi-equity nakwiimarike zengeniso engaguqukiyo, nakwezinye iindlela ezizezinye okanye iifomathi zemali. Nangona kuzo zonke iimeko awunakukhetha ngaphandle kokuthatha iikhomishini ezifuna ngakumbi ngokubhekisele kwezinye iimveliso zezezimali. Kodwa bazakusebenza ukuxhasa ipenshini oselungelweni lokujongana nayo kule minyaka yobomi bakho.
Ukuze ngale ndlela, abathathe umhlala-phantsi bonyuse amandla abo okuthenga xa beshiya ubomi babo bokusebenza.